1. What does this settlement do? What is its function? Why is it
located where it is? Do you think it is an 'important' settlement?

2. Settlement revision
Location factors, land use, zones

4. How is land used in urban areas?
• 30 seconds….
• List as many different ways that land can be
used in urban areas

5. What land uses can you identify from
G.I.S?

6. From O.S. maps?

7. From an aerial photograph?

8. Burgess land use model
Outer Suburbs
(Rural-Urban
Fringe)
Inner City/
Twilight Zone
Industrial
Zone
CBD Inner
Suburbs

9. The Burgess Model can work…but is it accurate?
Outer Suburbs
Industrial Zone Inner Suburbs
Inner City
CBD

10. The Hoyt Model = CBD
= industry
= inner city / low class residential
= inner suburb (middle class residential)
= outer suburb (high class residential)

11. MEDC urban land use

12. 2. Large
1. Leisure and detached 3. Very few 4. Most
entertainment houses with driveways expensive
facilities garages houses
8. Grew in
5. Shops and 6. Semi- 7. Newest response to
Offices detached increased car
houses with ownership
gardens
9. High-rise
flats may now 10. Parks and 11. Lots of 12. Oldest
replace some open spaces public transport
run-down areas links
13. Tall high 14. Cheapest 15. Land is 16. Terraced
density housing cheaper housing
buildings
18. Modern
17. Some out-of -town 19. High-value 20. Industry
garages shopping land
centres
Categorise : 5 zones

13. Old Core
Little/ No Residential
Land has very high value -
Historical buildings
Many National Chain stores
Characteristics Government buildings
of a CBD
•Many have covered
shopping centres Very Accessible
Banks, building
societies, Estate Agents
Entertainment -
Traffic Restrictions

14. May have derelict Close to CBD for
land: land pollution trade / commute
issues Found near docks /
rivers / coast /
transport links
Characteristics
of Industrial
Zone
Some areas being
redeveloped into Poorer quality
trendy modern terraced housing
apartment blocks nearby (for workers)
Grew rapidly in
Industrial Revolution

15. High density housing
mixed with shops & Social Problems
industry
Terraced housing
Often run down
Crowded areas, little
open space
Characteristics of
Houses are small to the Inner City / factories providing
make cheaper to Twilight zone employment
buy / rent
No front or back gardens
(just a small back yard) Land values are lower
than the CBD but still
Population density is very high high.

16. Transport links into Land is cheaper…so
city you can buy a bigger
house
More land space
available = bigger
gardens
Fewer corner shops
Characteristics of
Inner Suburbs
Houses are semi-
House prices increase detached / large
terraced, some have
drives or garages
Bigger gardens

17. Lots of driveways and garages
Closer to countryside
(rural-urban fringe)
Land is cheap = big
homes
Out-of-town
retail parks /
Characteristics
supermarkets of Outer
Suburbs
Very few services
(have to drive to a
Houses are shop)
expensive
Large detached houses,
big gardens

18. Questions
1. Why are there so many tall buildings in the CBD? (2)
2. Name 3 features all CBDs have in common? (3)
3. Why do you think the gardens are so small in the inner
city? (1)
4. Why do you think driveways become more common in
the suburbs? (2)
5. What are the advantages of building retail centres /
hypermarkets out of town in outer suburbs? (4)

19. LEDC urban land use

20. LEDC land use model
The most important difference =
• In an LEDC the high cost residential is NEAREST the CBD
whereas in an MEDC this is reverse. Because……
• In an LEDC, favela / shanty towns are on the outer
suburbs. Because…..

22. Favela characteristics

23. What is urbanisation?

24. Services & settlements
• Smaller settlements = fewer services (mostly
low order goods)
• Large settlements = more services (including
high order, specialist goods)
• These services affect the sphere of influence

25. Settlement hierarchies & sphere of
influence

26. Case studies
• MEDC = Portsmouth, UK
• LEDC = Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

27. Most likely to…..
In which zone are you most likely to have the following happen?
….Get your car stolen?
….See a fox at night?
….See a Porsche parked?
….Have a school with good exam grades?
….Have people complaining about noise from their neighbours?
….See empty McDonalds wrappers on the floor?
….Be able to buy milk at 10.30 at night?
….Be able to catch a bus to visit friends anywhere?
….See a police car with its blue lights flashing?
….Hear horses neighing?

28. Grid

29. Gunwharf and Dockyard:
What land uses are in this zone?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why is this zone located here?
Name of this zone:
BACK

30. Commercial Road:
What land uses are in this
zone?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why is this zone located
here?
Name of this zone:
BACK

31. North Harbour
What land uses are in this zone?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why is this zone located here?
Name of this zone:
BACK

32. Farlington:
What land uses are in this zone?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why is this zone located here?
Name of this zone:
BACK

33. Southsea:
What land uses are in this zone?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why is this zone located here?
Name of this zone:
BACK

34. Somerstown:
What land uses are in this zone?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why is this zone located here?
Name of this zone:
BACK

35. Examination Case Study Question
For an MEDC urban area that you have
studied:
1.Locate your chosen place (2)
2.Describe its pattern of land use (4)
3.Explain this pattern of land use (4)

36. Grid refs check: 10 questions
• Use Tracing paper and 1:25,000 maps of
Portsmouth.
• Create a key for the 5 land use zones.
• Mark out + trace the zones from the OS map
onto your tracing paper.

37. Land use change
• Why does land use change in urban areas?
• What are the effects?

38. Gunwharf Quays 1999 Gunwharf Quays 2010

39. Brownfield or Greenfield – Which is best?
Brownfield - A site that has been
built on before and is ready for
development. Normally
associated with urban inner city
areas
Greenfield – A site that has not been
built on before. Often
rural/countryside areas. This
includes the rural-urban fringe.

40. Land use change – multipurpose land use
is more sustainable
• How sustainable is developing a Brownfield
site compared to a Greenfield site?
– Quality of life?
– Access to services & jobs?
– Waste disposal and costs involved?
– Energy savings?
– Cost to environment?
BBC CLIP BBC CLIP 2

41. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Brownfield and Greenfield Sites?
Advantages of Brownfield Sites Advantages of Greenfield Sites
Disadvantages of Brownfield Sites Disadvantages of Greenfield Sites

42. Sustainable cities
Urban problems and solutions

43. Recap:
What problems do
What is sustainability? cities have that are
unsustainable?
How do you think a city
can be made more
sustainable?

44. Problems of urban areas Possible sustainable
solution
• Overcrowding in the
inner city
• Crime (e.g. vandalism,
gang crime, etc.)
• Congestion
• Noise & air pollution
(from factories & cars)
• Derelict land

45. Sustainable urban redevelopment?
BedZed
Gunwharf
Quays
London 2012
Olympics

46. HOW HAS RETAIL PROVISION
CHANGED OVER TIME?

47. Quality of Life Out of town shopping
centres / supermarkets
How has retail
provision
changed over
time?
E-tailing
Clone towns
MNCs
Ethical shopping

48. Superstores / Retail Parks
• Need a lot of space so locate out-of-town
• Often built on greenfield sites
• Tend to be near transport points, easy access
• Often open late or 24/7 every day
• Impacts on CBD : competition, lose business,
traffic patterns change
• Impacts on suburbs: congestion, noise + air
pollution

49. E-tailing : online shopping
• 20% of all retail is now done online
• Most brands now available online, e.g. Virgin
Megastore, Tesco, Topshop, etc. .
• Advantages?
• Disadvantages?

50. Clone towns?
• A clone town is when a town has mostly the
same multinational company chains of shops,
cafes and restaurants as in other towns and
cities
• Key term: MNC
(Multinational Company)

51. Settlement size vs Retail Provision
• The bigger the settlement, the more services &
retail provided (especially high order goods)
• E.g. small village = local shop, low order goods
• E.g. city = covered shopping centres, chain
stores, high order goods, expensive brands, etc

52. Case study practise
• Plan answers (mindmap?) for the case study
questions 1-4 in your revision booklet

53. Where are you weakest?
• Look back over your mock & the self-assess guide
in the revision book
• Where are you weakest?
• Create mindmaps / notes on your weakest areas,
e.g.
 MultiNational Companies (MNCs), e.g. Coca Cola
 Land use / land use change (Portsmouth / London
Olympics)
 LEDC city (Rio de Janeiro) – favela
Etc.