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Mendeleev,[object Object],Dmitri Mendeleev, 1836-1907,[object Object],Arranged elements by chemical properties,[object Object],Left space for elements unknown at the time,[object Object],Predicted detailed properties for elements as yet unknown,[object Object],Sc, Ga, Ge,[object Object],By 1886, all these elements had been discovered, and with properties similar to those he predicted,[object Object]
oups,[object Object]
Properties of Metals,[object Object],Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.,[object Object],Metals are shiny.,[object Object],Metals are ductile (can be stretched into thin wires).,[object Object],Metals are malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets).,[object Object],A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.,[object Object]
Properties of Non-Metals,[object Object],Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.,[object Object],Non-metals are not ductile or malleable.,[object Object],Solid non-metals are brittle and break easily.,[object Object],They are dull.,[object Object],Many non-metals are gases.,[object Object],Sulfur,[object Object]
Properties of Metalloids,[object Object],Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of both metals and non-metals.,[object Object],They are solids that can be shiny or dull.,[object Object],They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals.,[object Object],They are ductile and malleable.,[object Object],Silicon,[object Object]
Periods and Groups,[object Object],Horizontal rows are periods,[object Object],First period is H and He,[object Object],Second period is Li-Ne,[object Object],Third Period is Na-Ar,[object Object],Vertical columns are groups,[object Object],IUPAC convention:  use numbers 1-18,[object Object]
Alkali Metals,[object Object],The alkali family is found in the first column of the periodic table.,[object Object],Atoms of the alkali metals have a single electron in their outermost level, in other words, 1 valence electron.,[object Object],They are shiny, have the consistency of clay, and are easily cut with a knife.,[object Object]
Alkaline Earth Metals,[object Object],They are never found uncombined in nature.,[object Object],They have two valence electrons.,[object Object],Alkaline earth metals include magnesium and calcium, among others.,[object Object]
Transition Metals,[object Object],Transition Elements include those elements in the B families.,[object Object],These are the metals you are probably most familiar: copper, tin, zinc, iron, nickel, gold, and silver.,[object Object],They are good conductors of heat and electricity.,[object Object]
Halogen Family,[object Object],The elements in this family are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.,[object Object],Halogens have 7 valence electrons, which explains why they are the most active non-metals. They are never found free in nature.,[object Object],Halogen atoms only need to gain 1 electron to fill their outermost energy level.,[object Object],They react with alkali metals to form salts.,[object Object]
Noble Gases,[object Object],Noble Gasesare colorless gases that are extremely un-reactive. ,[object Object],One important property of the noble gases is their inactivity. They are inactive because their outermost energy level is full. ,[object Object],Because they do not readily combine with other elements to form compounds, the noble gases are called inert.,[object Object],The family of noble gases includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. ,[object Object],All the noble gases are found in small amounts in the earth's atmosphere. ,[object Object]
Rare Earth Elements,[object Object],The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series.,[object Object],One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made.,[object Object]

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