2. Data, Information and Systems
Data
A given fact , a number, a statement, or a picture
Represents something in the real world
Data are sets of discrete objective facts, presented
without judgment or context
The raw materials in the production of information
3. Data, Information and Systems
Information
Data that have meaning within a context
Data in relationships
Data after manipulation
Data become information when they are categorized,
analyzed, summarized and placed in context,
becoming intelligible to the recipient.
4. Data, Information and Systems
Data Manipulation
Example: Customer Survey
Reading through data collected from a customer
survey with questions in various categories would be
time-consuming and not very helpful.
When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful
information
5. Data, Information and Systems
Generating Information
Computer-based Information System take data as raw
material, process it, and produce information as output.
6. Data, Information and Systems
Information is Critical
The information we have is not what we want,
The information we want is not the
information we need
The information we need is not available.
7. Data, Information and Systems
Why need Information?
To ensure effective and efficient decision –
making leading to prosperity of the
Organization.
8. Data, Information and Systems
The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
Data processing: Data is manipulated into information
using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or presented.
Feedback: Output that is used to make changes to input
or processing activities
9. Data, Information and Systems
University
Inputs: Students, Faculty, Textbooks
Processes: Education/Courses
Output: graduates
Feedback: surveys, grades
10. Data, Information and Systems
Toyota Plant
Inputs: raw materials, components
Processes: assembly line
Output: mini-vans
Feedback: customer surveys, quality reports
11. Data, Information and Systems
What is a system?
A set of components that interact to accomplish goals
What is an IS?
A set of interrelated components that collect input,
process, and output data and information and provide
a feedback/control mechanism
What is a MIS?
An IS that uses IT. Components: hardware, software,
databases, networks, people, procedures
12. Historic Development AI
Artificial Intelligence
KS/ES
Knowledge / Expert System
ESS
Executive Support System
DSS
Decision Support System
MIS
Management Information System
OAS
Office Automation System
TPS
Transaction Processing System
13. Management Information System
The three sub-components – MIS
- together bring out the focus clearly & effectively.
System emphasizing a fair degree of Integration and a
holistic view
Information stressing on processed data in the context in
which it is used by the end user
Management focusing on the ultimate use of such
information systems for managerial decision making
14. Management Information System
Support of
Strategic Advantage
Support of
Managerial
Decision Making
Support of
Business Operations
17. Transaction Processing System Eg.
Operational Level System
Sales & Marketing
Order Tracking & Order Processing
Manufacturing
Plant Scheduling & Material Movement Control
Finance
Securities Trading & Cash Management
Accounting
Payroll, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable
Human Resource
Compensation Training & Development & employee record
keeping
18. Knowledge Level System
Information System that support knowledge
and data workers in an organization
20. Management Information System
Management Level System
Information System which support the
monitoring controlling decision making and
administrative activities of middle
management.
21. Management Information System Eg.
Sales & Marketing
Sales Management & Sales Region Analysis
Manufacturing
Inventory Control & Production Scheduling
Finance
Annual Budgeting & Cost Analysis
Accounting
Capital Investment Analysis & Profitability/Pricing
Analysis
22. Strategic Level System
Information System that supports the long
range planning activities of senior managers
23. Strategic Level System Eg.
Executive Support System
Sales & Marketing
5 Year Sales trend forecast
Manufacturing
5 Year operational plan
Finance
5 Year budgeting forecast
Accounting
Profit Planning