2. In general Hurford and
Heasley, 1983 defining semantics is a
study of meaning in language or the
study of linguistic meaning.
3. Konsepsi makna /conception of meaning
Conception means our idea or the
experts ideas that connecting with how is our
effort or experts on the process of words
meaning in language.
4. Connecting with the effort of someone in explaining
the meaning of words, (Crystal, 1989) stated at least there
are three concepts of meaning in semantics study that can
be separated :
Kata Benda
( Word Noun )
This conception says that, the meaning of word will aim to
the thing or object in out of language conception. Words like
Jakarta, Bandung, Ayah, London and mother can be explained
the meaning with this way. Those words are more describing
real thing.
5. Kata Konsep Benda
(word concept thing)
This conception of meaning clearly refuse
clarifying of words according to direct
connection between word and thing or object
that exist out of language.
6. The formula of this word meaning is stated by Odgen
and Richards (1949) by triangle of meaning.
Konsep (reference)
Lambing/kata rujukan(referent)
Lyons (1977) this meaning conception have behavior characteristic,
its mean the word meaning will created according connection or
association of mind by someone.
7. Stimulus--Kata--Respon
(Stimulus---word---Respond)
Leonard Bloomfield (1933) according to this approach, the
meaning can be formulated by studying of using utterance.
He analyze that situation into three :
Stimulus and speaker
Utterance (=response of speaker and the stimulus of listener)
Listener responds
8. Cakupan Kajian Semantics
In this module we would like to explain about
meaning of word and sentence (from semantic
linguistic view) meaning of sentence according to basic
word meaning or proportion (from logical view) and
the meaning of utterance (from pragmatic view or
exactly from semantics utterance and action).
9. Semantic scheme
Fungsi (tidak ada
semantic)
sintaksis kategori Semantik
gramatikal
gramatikal
peran
morfologi
fonologi
Semantics
Semantik
linguistik
fonetik
Semantik
leksikon
leksikal
Semantik tindak
ujaran tutur (speech act
semantics)
10. Naming
(Penamaan)
Naming in semantic has 8 causes
•Imitation of the sound
•Mention of the part
•Pronunciation of special character
•Inventor and manufactures
•Place of origin
•Material
•Similarity
•Abridgment
12. Reference
Matthews (1997: 312), reference has a connection between speech with
which the designated items can be identified with either speaker or
listener.
Cruse (2004: 306), divide reference into three, there are :
Definite reference
Indefinite reference
Generic reference
13. Sense
“The SENSE of an expression is its place in a system of semantic
relationship in other expression in the language.” (Hurford:28). Sense
is a part of the language.
For example
1. Two different expressions with the same sense.
Bachelors prefer red hair
Girls with red hair are preferred by unmarried man
2. An expression that has the possibility of two sense
The chicken is ready to eat
14. Word is the
smallest unit that has a
meaning.
Kata isi Kata tugas
(content word) (function word)
15. Kata isi Kata tugas
(content word ) (function word)
Known as Open type Known as Closed type
To make our sentences grammatically
Has its own meaning
correct
Noun , adjective , verb, sometimes
Conjunction, preposition and articles
adverb
17. Is a related group of words containing a subject and
a predicate and expressing a complete thought.
in semantics, the sentence is a series of words
that are united by the rules of grammar that
expresses a complete idea or meaning
18. Utterance
(Ujaran)
Is a unit of speech that can only be spoken
directly to the listener.
It can be a sentence, phrase or word in
context
19. Proposition
(Proposisi)
Is basic meaning contained in the sentence or
utterance.
20. An example
My sister, Kate, who has a long hair, plays with her cat.
The proposition :
1. I have a sister
2. My sister’s name is Kate
3. Kate has a long hair
4. Kate plays with her cat
21. Characteristics Sentence Utterance Proposition
• No • Yes • No
• Can be loud or soft
• Based on the rule of • Yes • Yes • No
grammar
• Can be wrong or right • Yes • Yes • Yes
• In a particular accent or
• No • Yes • No
dialect
• In a specific language
• Yes • Yes • No
