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Paid Online Content
1.
February 2010 Changing
Models: A Global Perspective on Paying for Content Online
2.
Contents 01>>
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 1 02>> Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 2 03>> Consumers Prefer Free Content, But … ...................................................................... 2 . 04>> A Matter Of Perspective ................................................................................................ 3 . 05>> Willingness To Pay For Content – The Top Tier ........................................................... 4 06>> Who Should Pay, And For What? ................................................................................. 5 07>> Willingness To Pay For Content – News Sources ....................................................... 6 08>> Payment Models ............................................................................................................. 7 09>> Willingness To Pay For Content – Social Media .......................................................... 8 10>> Advertising Is Still Relevant ........................................................................................... 9 11>> A Work In Progress ........................................................................................................ 10 Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. ii
3.
Executive Summary Will consumers pay
for online news and entertainment they now get for free? Nielsen asked more than 27,000 consumers across 52 countries, and the answer is a definite “maybe.” As expected, the vast majority (85%) prefer that free content remain free. Yet there are opportunities to be found in the details. Indeed, when asked to focus on specific types of content, survey participants are more willing to at least consider paying for particular categories, especially if they have done so before: • Online content for which consumers are most likely to pay – • As a group, they are ambivalent about whether the quality or have already paid – are those they normally pay for of online content would suffer if companies could not offline, including theatrical movies, music, games and charge for it – 34% think so while 30% do not; and the select videos such as current television shows. These tend remaining 36% have no firm opinion. to be professionally produced at comparatively high costs. • But they are far more united (62%) in their conviction that • Consumers are least likely to pay for content that is once they purchase content, it should be theirs to copy or essentially homegrown online, often by other consumers share with whomever they want. at fairly lowcost. These include social communities, Despite growing consensus that the media may only be able to podcasts,consumer-generated videos and blogs. generate appreciable online revenues by charging consumers • In between are an array of news formats – newspapers, for content, there is little agreement on just how to do that. magazines, Internet-only news sources and radio news and Companies are experimenting with a range of payment models, talk shows – created by professionals, relatively expensive from full service subscriptions to individual transactions, or to produce and, in the case of newspapers and magazines, micropayments. Among those surveyed by Nielsen, about commonly sold offline. Yet much of their content has half (52%) favor the latter, albeit micropayments have proved basically become a commodity, readily available cumbersome to implement in the past. But a more manageable elsewhere for free. system may be no more enticing. Only 43% say an easy payment method would make them more likely to buy content online. Whatever their preferences, consumers worldwide generally agree online content will have to meet certain criteria before Regardless of what systems they choose, media companies will they shell out money to access it: almost certainly not abandon advertising; and consumers will doubtless still see ads along with paid content. For the 47% • Better than three out of every four survey participants of respondents who are willing to accept more advertising to (78%) believe if they already subscribe to a newspaper, subsidize free content, that may be tolerable. Yet it will probably magazine, radio or television service they should be able not sit well with the 64% who believe that if they must pay for to use its online content for free. content online, there should be no ads. • At the same time, 71% of global consumers say online Of course, these are not the last words on the subject. It is still content of any kind will have to be considerably better early in the process and consumers will have a lot more to say. than what is currently free before they will pay for it. More importantly, over time they will decide for themselves • Nearly eight out of every ten (79%) would no longer use a the value of content online. website that charges them, presuming they can find the same information at no cost. Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 1
4.
Introduction
Consumers Prefer Free Content, It is not as if the media’s current efforts to charge for content But … online are the first attempts to get consumers to pay for what has, ostensibly, been free. For half-a-century, American television Not surprisingly, almost any attempt to generate new revenues audiences have steadily migrated from over-the-air broadcasts from online content faces an uphill battle. Among respondents to cable, satellite and now telephone company subscription across all regions, an overwhelming majority (85%) believe that services. More recently, millions of satellite radio listeners what is presently free online should remain so. have followed a similar route. But unlike in the past, this latest This sentiment is strongest in Latin America, where 91% of those endeavor is taking place simultaneously across the entire media surveyed favor the status quo. But even in Asia Pacific, where landscape; and on a truly global scale. support is weakest, 80% of respondents agree. Furthermore, The New York Times’ decision in January to initiate a metered the opinion is shared by better than 85% of men and women service beginning next year resembles a similar system launched in every age group. six months earlier by Internet radio company Pandora Media. When offered a simple choice between free and priced content, And there is considerable speculation that Hulu – the video most consumers will choose the former. But when asked website created by a consortium of U.S. TV networks and specifically to consider paying for different content formats, studios – will begin charging for episodes of some popular survey participants are more open-minded. Though no single shows. Elsewhere, pay walls are going up around France’s format scores positively above 50%, several show promise. national newspaper Le Figaro, Great Britain’s Times of London And assuming that those who have already opened their and several papers belonging to German publisher Axel Springer. wallets will do so again, the prospects are raised even more. To gauge the potential outcome of these and like-minded efforts, Nielsen asked more than 27,000 consumers in Free content on the Internet should remain free 52 countries their opinions on paying for Survey based on region content online. The survey, which was 100% conducted during the Fall of 2009, covers 90% nations in five geographical regions – 80% Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East/Africa/ Pakistan (MEAP), Latin America and North 70% America – and includes respondents of 60% both genders and various ages. Moreover, 50% it measured consumers’ willingness to pay 40% for 13 specific types of content, as well as their general attitudes on related issues. 30% 20% 10% 0% Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Strongly agree/agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree/Strongly disagree Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 2
5.
Percent of consumers
who have already paid or would consider paying for: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Theatrical Movies Theatrical Movies Music Music Games Games Professionally Professionally Produced Video Produced Video Magazines Magazines Newspapers Newspapers Internet-only Internet-only News Source News Source Radio (Music) Radio (Music) Social Communities Social Communities Podcasts Podcasts Radio (News/Talk) Radio (News/Talk) Consumer-Generated Consumer-Generated Video Video Blogs Blogs Have already paid Would consider paying Under 20 40 to 44 65 and older Source: The Nielsen Company A Matter of Perspective At the same time, the younger the consumers the more apt they are to have already paid, or be willing to pay, for various types of Willingness to pay for online content can be measured along a content. This may seem counterintuitive considering that many spectrum that may be viewed from a variety of perspectives: so-called “digital natives” know how to end-run pay sites and have done so in the past. But it reflects a realization that they are • Professional to amateur quality content now in a world where the value of content is platform-agnostic; • High to low production costs and video consumed online may be no less valuable than watched on television. • Content that has originated off-line to content indigenous to the Internet For example, consumers globally are nearly three times more likely to pay for theatrical movies or music online than for blogs. Differences also exist among regions. With respect to almost every content type, consumers in North America and Europe are least eager to pay. Given that they generally have the longest histories with the Internet, they can be expected to be more attached to the concept of “free” than those in other parts of the world. On the other hand, many respondents in Asia-Pacific, MEAP and Latin America represent an emerging global middle class with increased discretionary income. Historically, as people enter the middle class they are more inclined than other sectors of the population to invest in new technologies. Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 3
6.
Willingness to Pay
Willingness to Pay for Content – The Top Tier for Content – To what extent are you willing to pay for the following sources of online content: The Top Tier Theatrical Movies Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Online content most likely to be Have already paid for 11% 13% 9% 11% 12% 9% purchased is professionally produced at Would consider 46% 48% 43% 38% 52% 43% relatively high cost. What is more, these Will not pay 43% 38% 49% 51% 36% 48% top tier formats have traditionally existed Music on other platforms. As such, global Total AP EU MEAP LA NA consumers are most willing (46%) to Have already paid for 16% 15% 15% 14% 17% 20% pay for Theatrical Movies; though only Would consider 41% 46% 40% 33% 44% 32% 11% actually have. Will not pay 43% 39% 45% 53% 38% 48% Radio (Music)* The percentages are even higher in Latin Total AP EU MEAP LA NA America and Asia Pacific, where more Have already paid for 5% 6% 5% 6% 7% 3% than six in ten consumers express such Would consider 27% 33% 21% 24% 33% 20% willingness. Yet theatrical movies is one of Will not pay 67% 61% 74% 69% 60% 76% only two categories for which respondents Games across MEAP nations are least inclined Total AP EU MEAP LA NA (38%) and most resistant (51%) to pay. Have already paid for 16% 18% 13% 16% 15% 15% The other is Music, which has the highest Would consider 35% 39% 31% 38% 37% 32% share of respondents who have previously Will not pay 49% 43% 56% 47% 47% 54% paid for the content (16%), including Professionally Produced Video (including current TV shows) double digit percentages for every age Total AP EU MEAP LA NA group under 60. Indeed, with some of the Have already paid for 8% 11% 6% 11% 9% 5% most evolved monetization models to Would consider 42% 47% 37% 43% 51% 34% date, the recorded music industry already Will not pay 50% 42% 57% 46% 40% 61% generates more than a quarter of its * Not a top tier content type, despite being professionally produced at a high level of quality and cost. Source: The Nielsen Company worldwide revenues from digital channels such as download stores and other Games, on the other hand, are certainly universal, and globally subscription and streaming services.1 16% of consumers have paid for video games online. Another Music also registers positively with 41% of all participants with 35% say they would be willing to buy online games, with those in respect to possible purchases. But as they were with movies, Asia Pacific (39%), MEAP (38%) and Latin America (37%) scoring consumers in MEAP nations are most resistant (53%) to the idea. above the worldwide average. Additionally, while 40% Interestingly, North Americans are second to MEAP consumers in of respondents ages 21-24 and 30-34 are most likely to pay terms of not wanting to pay for music (48%), but score highest for games, one in four participants over 50 would consider (20%) among those who already have. doing so, too. The same, however, cannot be said for Radio Music, which does But it is growth of video online that will continue to be a hot not actually reside in the top tier. Though radio stations in nearly topic in 2010, as programmers look beyond its promotional all of the nations surveyed by Nielsen provide access online, value and increasingly see the Internet as a primary distribution barely 5% of consumers worldwide have paid to listen, and just platform for professional content. 27% would consider it. Currently, eight percent of online consumers have paid for Here, the challenge is less a perception about professionalism or Professionally Produced Video; and another 42% look favorably production value than the result of a deeply embedded economic on the idea. But once again, Asia Pacific (11%/47%), MEAP model. Most consumers around the world are accustomed only (11%/43%) and Latin America (9%/51%) outscore the global to free, ad-supported radio, as opposed to a relatively small average. Among all age groups, 40% would consider paying population of satellite subscribers. for video of this quality. 1 International Federation of the Phonographic Industry Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 4
7.
Nonetheless, traditional forms
of television viewing remain popular. If I already subscribe to a newspaper, magazine, radio or Worldwide, TV consumption throughout television service, I should be able to use its content for free 2008 averaged two hours, 48 minutes a day; while in the U.S. viewers watched an 84% average of 151 hours a month during last year’s final quarter. Looking ahead, the 82% next generation of television technology will enable universal access across platforms as diverse as Internet-TVs, 80% mobile devices and video game consoles. Hence, recent initiatives by some U.S. cable companies to make their television 78% shows available to subscribers for free on other screens. 76% Who Should Pay, 74% and for What? 72% Efforts such as these should find support Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Men Women among the more than three-quarters (78%) of all survey participants who believe that if they already subscribe to a newspaper, magazine, radio or television service they should be able to access its online content for free. At 83%, I will stop using a web site if I have to pay for the content consumers in North and Latin Americas because I can find the same information on a free site are most agreeable. Both men and women (78% and 79%) also agree, as do more 86% than 75% of all age groups. 84% Even so, 71% of respondents in all regions believe online content of any kind will 82% have to be significantly better than what is currently available before they pay for 80% it. This may account for why consumers are less willing to purchase news online 78% than other forms of high quality material. Though professionally produced, and 76% often at great cost, much of what resides on many news sites has effectively 74% become a commodity. 72% Should the majority of news sources put most, if not all, of their online 70% content behind pay walls, 79% of Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Men Women respondents say they would no longer go to their websites, taking it for granted they can find the same information elsewhere at no cost. Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 5
8.
Willingness to Pay
for Content – News Sources Consequently, only about one-third (34%) of those surveyed entertains the notion of paying for newspaper content. Support is strongest in Latin America (40%), Asia Pacific (36%) and MEAP (35%) – parts of the world where print circulations are actually still growing. These regions also score highest among respondents already paying for access to newspaper websites. In addition, consumers under the age of 35, who are generally perceived as shunning conventional newspapers, are more willing to pay for them online than their elders. Magazines do slightly better than The Value of News – News Sources newspapers, with 39% of respondents To what extent are you willing to pay for the following sources of online content: expressing their willingness to pay online. Newspapers On average, over 40% of consumers Total AP EU MEAP LA NA under age 40 also would consider paying Have already paid for 8% 10% 6% 13% 12% 6% for online versions of periodicals. Here Would consider 34% 36% 32% 35% 40% 27% too, Asia Pacific (12%), Latin America Will not pay 58% 54% 62% 52% 48% 66% (13%) and MEAP (14%) are regions where Magazines the highest percentages of respondents Total AP EU MEAP LA NA are already paying for content. Have already paid for 10% 12% 7% 14% 13% 6% With respect to online-only news sources, Would consider 39% 44% 35% 40% 44% 31% a smaller percentage of consumers Will not pay 52% 44% 58% 46% 43% 63% (31%) would consider paying for them Internet-only News than for either web-based newspapers Total AP EU MEAP LA NA or magazines. This is the case across all Have already paid for 5% 7% 4% 9% 6% 2% regions, both genders and almost all age Would consider 31% 37% 28% 33% 37% 22% groups. Still, it is a higher percentage than Will not pay 63% 56% 68% 57% 56% 76% among respondents willing to pay (22%) Radio (News/Talk) for Radio News or Talk online. Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Have already paid for 4% 5% 3% 7% 4% 3% Would consider 22% 29% 17% 25% 30% 13% Will not pay 73% 66% 80% 68% 66% 84% Source: The Nielsen Company Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 6
9.
Payment Models
I would rather pay for individual pieces of content Even as more news organizations gravitate (micropayments) instead of subscribing to an entire web site toward charging their readers, they must also determine the most effective means 60% to do so. Two of the more successful ventures to date are from The Financial 50% Times – which uses a metered system and saw its digital revenues grow 30% in 2009 40% – and The Wall Street Journal, which offers multiple subscription options. 30% Yet slightly more than half (52%) of survey participants prefer using some 20% form of micropayments to buy specific content rather than to subscribe to an 10% entire website. This preference is most robust in MEAP (61%) and lightest in North America (42%). 0% Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Men Women How much a payment system might cost Agree No opinion Disagree consumers appears to trump how easy it is to use. Globally, only 43% say an easy payment system would make them more likely to buy content online. Respondents in Asia Pacific (54%) and MEAP nations I am willing to pay for content on the Internet if the payment (57%) find the option more appealing system is easy to use than their counterparts in North America (28%). Ease of use is a greater incentive 60% for men (47%) than women (39%), as well as for those under 30 (50%) as 50% opposed to just 31% of those 50 and older. 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Men Women Agree No opinion Disagree Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 7
10.
One of the
most compelling arguments for payment systems being made The quality of content on the Internet will decline unless by publishers – as well as by content companies can charge for it producers and distributors in general – is that free content undermines the ability 50% to produce quality. But consumers around 45% the world are fairly evenly split about whether the quality of online content 40% would really suffer if companies could not 35% charge for it. While 34% believe it would, 30% 30% do not, and the remaining 36% have no firm opinion. In fact, the latter 25% comprise the largest group of respondents 20% in all regions. 15% There is considerably more accord 10% around the rights that should come with payment. Nearly two-thirds (62%) believe 5% that if they buy content online, they are 0% entitled to copy and share it with others. Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Men Women That attitude is consistent across all Agree No opinion Disagree regions and age groups. Willingness to Pay for If I pay for content online, I should have the right to copy it Content– Social Media and share it with others There is no question the appeal of sharing information online keeps growing. 80% During the past three years, for example, global2 traffic to social networking sites 70% like Facebook and Twitter has steadily increased – up 82% in 2009 alone. But 60% while Internet communities are among the oldest forms of paid content – tracing 50% their roots back to the thousands of moderated forums on Compuserve and 40% America Online’s multiple chat rooms – this newest breed has yet to convert many 30% members into willing patrons. In fact, less than one in four consumers would 20% consider paying to belong to a social community, and only 4% currently do so. 10% 0% Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Men Women Agree No opinion Disagree 2 U.S., U.K., Australia, Brazil, Japan, Switzerland, Germany, France, Spain and Italy Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 8
11.
Peer-to-Peer Content –
Social Media To what extent are you willing to pay for the following sources of online content: Podcasts engender about the same level Social Communities of support (25%); and only 21% of global Total AP EU MEAP LA NA consumers, would spend money on the Have already paid for 4% 6% 4% 8% 4% 1% types of consumer-generated videos that Would consider 24% 30% 18% 31% 27% 14% populate sites like YouTube – while more Will not pay 72% 64% 78% 62% 70% 84% than 70% of all age groups would not. Podcasts Willingness to pay for such videos varies Total AP EU MEAP LA NA considerably by region, with Asia Pacific Have already paid for 3% 4% 3% 6% 2% 3% Internet users twice as likely to pay as Would consider 25% 30% 20% 31% 29% 18% North Americans. Accordingly, YouTube Will not pay 72% 66% 77% 62% 69% 79% is reportedly negotiating with some U.S. Consumer-Generated Video studios for pay-per-view streaming rights Total AP EU MEAP LA NA to films and television shows. Have already paid for 3% 4% 3% 6% 3% 2% But of all content categories, blogs appear Would consider 21% 27% 16% 26% 25% 13% the least likely to generate revenues Will not pay 75% 69% 82% 68% 72% 85% from direct payments, with 80% of all Blogs respondents saying they would not pay. Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Across all age groups, resistance ranged Have already paid for 3% 5% 2% 5% 2% 1% from 74% for ages 21-29 to 90% among Would consider 17% 22% 13% 24% 19% 10% those older than 60. Will not pay 80% 73% 85% 71% 78% 89% Source: The Nielsen Company Advertising is Still Relevant I am willing to accept more advertising on the The urgency surrounding monetizing online content is largely Internet in the future to support the cost born of the realization that advertising alone may not carry most of content media companies on the Internet. True, sundry web-based firms remain focused on exploiting advertising models. In the U.S., for 60% example, the newly independent AOL is rolling out a high-tech system for mass producing web media content optimized for 50% search and display advertising across platforms like Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. 40% And Chinese search engine Baidu.com recently announced it 30% will open a separate company that offers ad-supported videos, including movies, TV series and sporting events. But industry 20% consensus is that the future will be a combination of advertising and direct payments, not unlike cable television and satellite radio. 10% To that point, global consumers are of mixed minds. When asked 0% Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Men Women if they are willing to accept more advertising to subsidize the cost of online content, 47% are open to the idea. Respondents from MEAP markets (57%) and Asia Pacific (55%) are the most agreeable, while North American consumers are the least (40%). There is also a clear relationship between age and the willingness to accept more advertising, as support drops from 54% among Internet users ages of 21-24, to just 36% of respondents 65 and older. Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 9
12.
For many other
consumers, however, advertising and pay models are mutually exclusive. Sixty four percent agree that if they A Work in Progress must pay for content online, it should have no ads. Over half of In light of the relative handful of actual attempts so far to bill respondents across all regions concur, along with more than for content online – and even fewer bona fide successes – the 64% of all age groups. issue remains principally the subject of speculation and debate. Momentum is evidently behind such a drive, particularly as more news outlets get on board. Yet they do so in the face of strong There should be no advertising on Internet headwinds. content that I have to pay for At this point, no one can say for sure how deeply embedded the free-information ideology is among consumers. As noted earlier, 80% it is presumably strongest in developed countries with the largest 70% populations of online veterans. But those also tend to be regions where economies have been slow to rebound. So it is unclear 60% how, even if they accept the inevitability of having to pay for 50% online content, consumers will deal with a flood of new charges. 40% The war for consumer time, attention and money may also be overwhelming, as countless companies conditioned to 30% competing only locally and within specific media will have to 20% battle in a multi-platform, global arena. Plus, the increasing popularity of smart phones with their myriad apps, and the 10% introduction of new technologies such as Apple’s iPad, 0% will surely prolong the polemic. Total AP EU MEAP LA NA Men Women About The Nielsen Company The Nielsen Company is a global information and media company with leading market positions in marketing and consumer information, television and other media measurement, online intelligence, mobile measurement, trade shows and business publications. The privately held company is active in approximately 100 countries, with headquarters in New York, USA. For more information visit www.nielsen.com Copyright © 2010 The Nielsen Company. 10
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