Presentation for Rural Energy workshop 25 Jan 2011, the Hague, Netherlands, organised by FMO. The challenge of rural energy access in developing countries is considered against the background of rural electrification in the Netherlands.

1. RURAL ENERGY IN PERSPECTIVE Some reflections Frank van der Vleuten Program leader - Energy Access ETC Netherlands

2. Rural energy in NL

3. Rural electrification in NL 1913, Amsterdam

4. Rural electrification in NL 1913 Eindhoven, 1917

5. Rural electrification in NL Provinces implement energy for all policy 1919 1913 1917

6. Rural electrification in NL Provinces implement energy for all policy 1919 1913 1917

7. Rural electrification in NL

9. Low electrification level

10. Dependent on energy market (formal and informal)

11. Rely on traditional solutions (health risks, low quality, high costs)

12. Have little or no control over their choices for energy access

13. Cannot rely on the state as it only fulfils a facilitating role in the energy sectorEnergy needs of target group in developing countries

14. UNDP/WHO Report Nov 2009 Share of population without electricity access in rural and urban areas, 2008 Population without access to electricity In developing countries: 1.5 billion people* 28% of the population In LDCs: 824 million people 79% of the population In SSA: 777 million people 74% of the population 10% of urban population lack access to electricity, compared to 41% of the rural population * World Energy Outlook 2009, OECD/IEA 2009

15. International Energy Agency Electricity deprivation

16. UNDP/WHO Report Nov 2009 Indoor air pollution from solid fuel use is responsible for almost 2 million annual deaths Every year, indoor air pollution is responsible for nearly 900 000 deaths due to pneumonia among children under five years of age.

17. UNDP

18. UNDP/WHO Report Nov 2009 Developing countries lag far behind in access to modern energy services to accelerate achievement of the Millennium Development Goals Out of 140 developing countries, 68 countries have established targets for access to electricity, but only 17 countries for access to modern fuels and 5 countries for access to mechanical power. Almost 1.2 billion additional people will need access to electricity and 1.9 billion people will need access to modern fuels by 2015 if the goal of halving the proportion of people living in poverty (MDG 1) is to be met.

28. Global development community has ambitious up-scaling initiatives Etcetera …

29. Observation 1: Focus How to get energy access supply chains with massive numbers of actors? Development community ? Technicians (region/district) 10.000.000 Distributors National lead firms Retailers/ Dealers (region/district) International lead firms End-users 1.000 50.000 1.000.000 2.000.000.000+

30. Observation 2: Check out the kitchen

31. Observation 2: Check out the kitchen

32. Observation 2: Check out the kitchen

33. Observation 3: Plan sector development Rural energy

34. Observation 3: Plan sector development Rural cooking Woodfuel & agroforestry Improved cookstoves Biogas Biomass regulations Projects Kerosene stoves LPG Impr.charcoal stoves 3-stone charcoal stoves “fuel ladder”

35. Observation 3: Plan sector development Lighting Solar lanterns Solar Home Systems (SHS) Projects Awareness Financing schemes Subsidies? Kerosene lanterns Flashlights Solar (components) Kerosene wick Candles Dry cells

36. Observation 3: Plan sector development Village power Grid extension Renewable (Micro hydro, biomass gasification, wind/hybrid, biofuels , Solar power plants) Liberalisation Rural Energy Agencies Grant funding Diesel gensets Mini/micro grids TV Battery charging Phone charging Public services

37. Observation 4: Joint learning curve

38. Observation 5: Smart interventions NGOs, projects, donor support influencing capacity building & facilitation Business associations Training centers, schools Government and energy access programs Regional/local government Service providers Technicians (region/district) Nat lead firms (distributors) Retailers/ Dealers (region/district) International lead firms End-users (men/women) temporary interventions (semi) permanent services permanent value chain Improved interventionparadigm

39. Observation: What is he doing?

40. Questions?Contact: f.vleuten@etcnl.nlwww.ease-web.orgwww.energyforall.info