1. Smart Infrastructures for a Sustainable City:
Stockholm Case Studies
Karl H. Johansson
ACCESS Linnaeus Center & Electrical Engineering
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Future Cities Conference, Porto, Jan 28, 2014

2. Stockholm Challenge
Regional GNP
Population
CO2 equivalent
Year

3. Stockholm Royal Seaport
• F
From a brown field area to a sustainable city district

4. Stockholm Royal Seaport
• F
From a brown field area to a sustainable city district
Project Goals
• CO2 emissions <1.5 tons per person by 2020 (today 4.5)
• Fossil fuel-free by 2030

5. Energy Consumption and Enabling Technologies
Energy consumption in Europe
• 40% of total energy use is in buildings
• 76% of building energy is for comfort
Enabling Information and Communication Infrastructure
• Total energy savings of up to 15% by 2020
Industry;
1,1
• Buildings can save 2.4 GtCO2e
Buildings;
2,4
• Enormous potential for control and optimization Power; 2,1
Transport;
2,2
Energy efficiency requirements in building codes, International Energy Agency, Report, 2008
SMART 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age, The Climate Group, Report, 2008

6. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency?
Load reduction
Load
Load shifting
Load
Time of the day
Peak shaving
Load
Time of the day
Time of the day

7. Emerging Technologies for Energy Efficiency
Smart appliances
for load shifting
Electrical and
thermal storage
Local power and
heat generation
Optimized
building climate
Local renewable
power generation

8. KTH Building Automation Testbed
KTH Campus

9. Optimized Building Climate
Optimal control problem
Minimize energy use
While keeping indoor temperature and
air quality within comfort range
Integrated technologies
New sensors
• Wireless temp, CO2
• People counter
• Weather station
• Occupancy schedules
Data collection and
analytics:
• Historical data
• hvac.ee.kth.se
Advanced control
Parisio et al., 2013

10. Smart Home Appliances Scheduling
300
0.9
280
0.8
260
0.6
0.5
0.4
0
smart
home
gateway
green
240
CO2 cost (g/(kW*h))
0.7
CO2 intensity (g/kWh)
basic
home
gateway
320
1
Tariff (SEK/kWh)
Electricity price (SEK/(kW*h))
1.1
220
cheap
200
5
10
Hour
hour
15
20
180
25
Optimal power profile scheduling for smart appliances
Decision: when to run? How to run?
smart
appliance
Sou et al., 2013

11. From Smart Infrastructure to
Integrated City Goods Transportation
Collaborative road transportation
Real-time traffic information
Koutsopoulos et al, 2010
•
•
•
•
Coordinate city goods delivery
More efficient use of road network
Based on real-time traffic data
Novel price models and vehicles
Cyber-Physical Systems Roadmap, German National Academy of Science and Engineering, 2011

12. Summary
• Buildings and transportations are large energy consumers
• New sensor, communication, control and cloud technologies
enable innovations and shift in mind set
– Buildings as dynamic storage and controllable resource for city-wide adaptation
– Optimize climate and appliances using weather, occupancy, price information
– Collaborative goods transportation
• Multi-disciplinary challenges
requiring strong fundamental
research together with industry
collaborations
people.kth.se/~kallej
Finland’s, Sweden’s, and Denmark’s Prime
Ministers visiting the “Active House” in the
Stockholm Royal Seaport 2013