SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 18
Baixar para ler offline
Accra
                                                     21-23 March 2012




 Brazil and China cooperation for
agriculture development in Africa

              An FAC scoping study by
 Alex Shankland (IDS), Jing Gu (IDS), Lídia Cabral (ODI)
               and Lila Buckley (IIED)
Outline                 Accra
                                     21-23 March 2012




1.   Background
2.   Research focus and objectives
3.   Emerging findings
4.   Upcoming activities
5.   Future plans
Background                             Accra
                                                                     21-23 March 2012




       Emerging economies or rising powers are becoming
        prominent players in international development
World Economic League Table (GDP)
Rank                    2011                         2020 forecast
1                       US                           US
2                       China                        China
3                       Japan                        Japan
4                       Germany                      Russia
5                       France                       India
6                       Brazil                       Brazil
7                       UK                           Germany
8                       Italy                        UK
9                       Russia                       France
10                      India                        Italy
Source: Centre for Economics and Business Research
Background                             Accra
                                                         21-23 March 2012




• Emerging economies are expanding their development
  cooperation activities
• Their role is increasingly recognized by the international aid
  system - focus on South-South cooperation in Busan HLF4
• Trilateral cooperation involving North and South donors is
  becoming a common feature in the aid business
• In 2011, China released its first White Paper on Foreign Aid
  and South Africa and India launched their official foreign aid
  agencies
• Emerging economies’ focus in Africa and agriculture is
  significant and remains understudied
Background                             Accra
                                                         21-23 March 2012




• A great deal of speculation on the interest of Brazilian farmers
  to access land in Africa for high-value non-food crop
  production – some controversial press about deals linking
  cooperation projects with land concession in Mozambique
• Same on China – much press hype in recent years about
  China’s ‘land grab’ in Africa, but very little evidence of
  Chinese-owned large-scale export-oriented agriculture
  production
• But the reality, for both countries, seems much more nuanced
  and complex, with multiple actors engaging in multiple ways
Focus and objectives                           Accra
                                                         21-23 March 2012




• Focus: Brazil and China cooperation activities in Africa to
  support agricultural development
• Objectives: (i) document experiences of emerging cooperation
  programmes, (ii) understand the rationale, novelty and value
  added of the approaches used and (iii) discuss implications for
  cooperation practices and for African agricultures
• Overarching research question: are the rising powers
  establishing new paradigms for agriculture development in
  Africa through their development cooperation programmes?
• Issues to cover: institutional mapping, projects inventory,
  policies and discourse, actors, networks and their agendas,
  interface with local processes
Accra
                     21-23 March 2012




Emerging findings…
Brazil findings 1                                    Accra
                                                                          21-23 March 2012



                  General features of Brazilian cooperation
•   Cooperation as an instrument of foreign policy – solidarity rhetoric dominates
    but geopolitical drives are visible
•   Cooperation portrayed as mutually beneficial horizontal (South-South)
    partnership but economic motivations often concealed
•   Relatively small in volume (est. USD 362 million* for 2010), though quickly
    expanding, but offering models developing countries are eager to emulate
•   New modalities emerging – concessional export credits (including for
    agriculture) becoming relatively significant and trilateral cooperation
•   Institutional segmentation and policy void
•   Coordination gaps – coordination at operational level (ABC) but no obvious
    direction on content, apart from high level diplomacy
•   Africa focus strong – 57% of TC in 2010, plus vigorous diplomatic agenda,
    growing trade and bulging private investment (mining, oil, construction – and a
    lot of speculation on the interest of Brazilian farmers in accessing African land)
Brazil findings 2                                                Accra
                                                                                            21-23 March 2012




          Overview of Brazilian cooperation in agriculture in Africa
•   Agriculture as main sector of
    cooperation in Africa
                                                             Technical cooperation in Africa, 2003-10
•   Lusophone countries as main recipients
    but expanding number of partner                            Social
                                                           development
    countries (currently approx. 26)                            2%
                                                                                   Other
                                                                                   17%
                                                             Planning                               Agriculture
•   Wide range of issues covered –                              2%                                     26%
    research, training and transfer of                    Urban
                                                      development
    improved varieties/techniques              Public
                                                            3%
    predominant                             administration
                                                 4%
•   More than 20 Brazilian institutions                  Energy
                                                           5%
    actively involved                                 Environment
•   Embrapa dominates portfolio                             5%
                                                                    Education and
                                                                                                  Health
                                                                                                   22%
•   but others gaining space: MDA with its                            professional
                                                                        training
    ‘family farming’ focus                                                14%

•   Brazilian civil society slowly stepping in                                                Source: ABC
Brazil findings 3                                 Accra
                                                                                         21-23 March 2012




Cotton 4: Benin, Burkina                       Project highlights   Aquisição de Alimentos:
Faso, Chad and Mali (since 2009)
• Emerges as result of successful                                   Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria and
   WTO cotton subsidy dispute                                       Senegal (just launched)
• Aims to improve quality and                                       • Aims to address food insecurity and
   productivity of cotton in WA                                        strengthen local food markets
   region                                                           • Led by MDA and MDS
• Focused mostly on research                                        • Adapts similar programme in operation
   and extension                                                       within Brazil
• Led by Embrapa                                                    • Trilateral partnership with WTO and FAO
• Approx $5 million for phase I                                     • $2.4 million committed by Brazil
• First large project in the
   agriculture portfolio*




Mais Alimentos África:                                                   ProSavana: Mozambique (since 2011)
Ghana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Senegal                                     • Ag-focused regional development
and Kenya (just launched)                                                   programme along Nacala corridor
• Aims to increase productivity and food                                 • Aims to replicate Brazilian savannah
   security by improving access to                                          transformation
   technology                                                            • Led by Embrapa
• Combines concessional credit facility to                               • Said to combine commercial largescale
   buy Brazilian agric machinery and                                        and smallscale production systems
   equipment with technical assistance                                   • Trilateral cooperation Japan-Brazil-
• Led by MDA                                                                Mozambique
• Adapts similar programme in operation                                  • $13 million for phase I (5 yrs)
   within Brazil since 2008
• $640 million worth of credit for 2011-          and trends
   12
Brazil findings 4                        Accra
                                                      21-23 March 2012




                    Emerging hypotheses

1. The blending of moral and pragmatic drives in Brazilian
   cooperation mirrors the competing motivations within
   government and society with regards to foreign affairs
2. Policy void as reflection of segmentation of cooperation
   framework and domestic agricultural governance
3. Contrasting narratives/visions of agricultural development
4. The affinities Brazil-Africa are often overestimated and are
   use as political rhetoric
5. Technocratic approach to development, which strips Brazilian
   domestic experiences of their political baggage and is ill-
   informed of local politics, society and culture
China findings 1                                      Accra
                                                                          21-23 March 2012



                  General features of Chinese cooperation
•   China has become the largest trading partner with Africa, reaching USD 160
    billion in 2011, according to the Chinese Ministry of Commerce.
•   Plurality of cooperation(s) and relationships forged: all formal political, social
    and economic engagement with African countries is guided by the Forum on
    China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). However, there are increasing numbers of
    engagements outside this realm: Chinese immigrants to Africa acting
    independently; Chinese hires by African firms; some civil society partnerships.
•   Official rhetoric of equality and mutual benefit through ‘pragmatic
    cooperation’, promoting ‘political dialogue and economic cooperation and
    trade, with a view to seeking mutual reinforcement & common development’.
•   Framed as ‘South-South’ collaboration emphasizing long history of ‘Chinese
    African friendship’, with China as a developing country leading in the ‘modern
    revival of developing countries’ worldwide (CATTF 2011).
•   New modalities emerging – emphasis on economic trade as cooperation;
    trilateral relationships emerging with OECD donors and UN bodies.
Accra
                                           21-23 March 2012




Source: http://afrographique.tumblr.com/
China findings 2                                      Accra
                                                                               21-23 March 2012



          Overview of Chinese cooperation in agriculture in Africa
•   Chinese government has committed to building Agriculture Technology Demonstration
    Centers in 20 countries. Aim is to collaborate with local agriculture ministries to ‘boost
    agriculture production’ in host countries. Focus on technology transfer: seed varieties;
    planting techniques; production and (some) processing techniques, clean energy
    technology.
•   Mixture of agriculture aid, trade and investment: demonstration centers are aid
    programs run by Chinese companies and joint ventures which are meant to manage them
    sustainably after a set time period. Agriculture makes up less than 10% of China's
    outbound investments, but this is growing rapidly.
•   Mutual benefit discourse informed by ecological optimism about Africa’s agriculture
    development potential: Benefits host country by introducing new food varieties (eg soy as
    new protein source); ‘improved’ foods (eg ‘superior’ GM crops); post-production
    processing techniques (eg packaging to retain freshness). Benefits China by helping meet
    demand for certain goods (animal feed, cotton, forest products, tobacco)
•   Focus on government over local communities: Chinese actors tend to focus collaboration
    on African host country government actors rather than non-state actors. They tend to be
    surprised when efforts meet with local resistance despite having government approval.
China findings 3                             Accra
                                                            21-23 March 2012




                       Emerging hypotheses

1. Chinese engagements in Africa are redefining the landscape of ‘aid’
   from a paradigm of development assistance to one of development
   cooperation mixed with development investment
2. Agriculture cooperation is guided by a strong belief in the Chinese
   project of modernization, which has a strong technocratic
   approach, and an ecological optimism about Africa’s agriculture
   potential
3. Largely ignores socio-cultural contexts of agriculture development
   and food security, leading to cooperation frustrations and failures
4. Emerging trilateral agriculture cooperation initiatives between
   China-OECD-African partner may address some of these
   shortcomings, but research on actual experience is sparse
Upcoming activities                         Accra
                                                      21-23 March 2012




• FAC public event in Brasília in May: The Role of South-South
  Cooperation in Agricultural Development in Africa:
  Opportunities and Challenges
• Hosted by UNDP’s International Poverty Centre for Inclusive
  Growth with co-funding from DFID
• High profile guests from Brazilian development cooperation
  domain (Foreign Affairs, Embrapa, Ministry of Agrarian
  Development, civil society organisations) as well as from
  Africa, China and the international research community
• Panels on Brazilian cooperation framework, Brazilian
  agricultural policy and governance, the Green Growth agenda
  in South-South cooperation, and China-Brazil compared
• Poverty in Focus special issue
Future research plans                           Accra
                                                          21-23 March 2012




• Mozambique case-study on Brazil cooperation: the dual
  policy narrative in practice, looking at Nacala corridor project
  (ProSavana) and new MDA-led initiatives
• Senegal case-study on China cooperation: empirical look at
  the emerging trilateral agriculture engagements, exploring an
  FAO SSC project jointly implemented by the Chinese and
  Senegalese Ministries of Agriculture
• Wider research proposal (submitted to ESRC rising powers
  call) for larger 3-yr research project looking at China and Brazil
  across 4 African countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique and
  Zimbabwe) aiming to examine in detail the new relationships
  in African agriculture
Accra
                           21-23 March 2012




More on the FAC website soon!

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

Halme: Mitä Kouluterveyskysely kertoo koulun keskeyttämiseen yhteydessä olevi...
Halme: Mitä Kouluterveyskysely kertoo koulun keskeyttämiseen yhteydessä olevi...Halme: Mitä Kouluterveyskysely kertoo koulun keskeyttämiseen yhteydessä olevi...
Halme: Mitä Kouluterveyskysely kertoo koulun keskeyttämiseen yhteydessä olevi...Kouluterveyskysely
 
Am 01 track1--boris--apac-conference_presentation_ed_final2
Am 01 track1--boris--apac-conference_presentation_ed_final2Am 01 track1--boris--apac-conference_presentation_ed_final2
Am 01 track1--boris--apac-conference_presentation_ed_final2OpenCity Community
 
Asia pacopenstack joe-draft 2012-08-08
Asia pacopenstack joe-draft 2012-08-08Asia pacopenstack joe-draft 2012-08-08
Asia pacopenstack joe-draft 2012-08-08OpenCity Community
 
Software product development services company creative technosoft systems
Software product development services company creative technosoft systemsSoftware product development services company creative technosoft systems
Software product development services company creative technosoft systemsCreative Technosoft Systems
 
A crisis of fat? - Background information
A crisis of fat? - Background informationA crisis of fat? - Background information
A crisis of fat? - Background informationXplore Health
 
Leave your laptop at Home - College Productivity Tip
Leave your laptop at Home - College Productivity TipLeave your laptop at Home - College Productivity Tip
Leave your laptop at Home - College Productivity TipAngad Singh
 
Ilola: Ryhmätaitoja ja aggression hallintaa koulun tuella
Ilola: Ryhmätaitoja ja aggression hallintaa koulun tuellaIlola: Ryhmätaitoja ja aggression hallintaa koulun tuella
Ilola: Ryhmätaitoja ja aggression hallintaa koulun tuellaKouluterveyskysely
 
Bio-vision_Kerala quiz 2016
Bio-vision_Kerala quiz 2016Bio-vision_Kerala quiz 2016
Bio-vision_Kerala quiz 2016Subhash Soman
 
Vayana dinam quiz shajal kakkodi master vol 1
Vayana dinam quiz shajal kakkodi master   vol 1Vayana dinam quiz shajal kakkodi master   vol 1
Vayana dinam quiz shajal kakkodi master vol 1Subhash Soman
 
Развитие сотрудников в Superjob
Развитие сотрудников в SuperjobРазвитие сотрудников в Superjob
Развитие сотрудников в SuperjobDinar Ibragimov
 

Destaque (17)

apa
apaapa
apa
 
Halme: Mitä Kouluterveyskysely kertoo koulun keskeyttämiseen yhteydessä olevi...
Halme: Mitä Kouluterveyskysely kertoo koulun keskeyttämiseen yhteydessä olevi...Halme: Mitä Kouluterveyskysely kertoo koulun keskeyttämiseen yhteydessä olevi...
Halme: Mitä Kouluterveyskysely kertoo koulun keskeyttämiseen yhteydessä olevi...
 
Data Collection
Data CollectionData Collection
Data Collection
 
All in one
All in oneAll in one
All in one
 
Am 01 track1--boris--apac-conference_presentation_ed_final2
Am 01 track1--boris--apac-conference_presentation_ed_final2Am 01 track1--boris--apac-conference_presentation_ed_final2
Am 01 track1--boris--apac-conference_presentation_ed_final2
 
Asia pacopenstack joe-draft 2012-08-08
Asia pacopenstack joe-draft 2012-08-08Asia pacopenstack joe-draft 2012-08-08
Asia pacopenstack joe-draft 2012-08-08
 
Software product development services company creative technosoft systems
Software product development services company creative technosoft systemsSoftware product development services company creative technosoft systems
Software product development services company creative technosoft systems
 
A crisis of fat? - Background information
A crisis of fat? - Background informationA crisis of fat? - Background information
A crisis of fat? - Background information
 
2
22
2
 
Leave your laptop at Home - College Productivity Tip
Leave your laptop at Home - College Productivity TipLeave your laptop at Home - College Productivity Tip
Leave your laptop at Home - College Productivity Tip
 
งานนำเสนอครูสังคม
งานนำเสนอครูสังคมงานนำเสนอครูสังคม
งานนำเสนอครูสังคม
 
Ilola: Ryhmätaitoja ja aggression hallintaa koulun tuella
Ilola: Ryhmätaitoja ja aggression hallintaa koulun tuellaIlola: Ryhmätaitoja ja aggression hallintaa koulun tuella
Ilola: Ryhmätaitoja ja aggression hallintaa koulun tuella
 
Notam 11 7-2016
Notam 11 7-2016Notam 11 7-2016
Notam 11 7-2016
 
ใบงาน ม.2
ใบงาน ม.2ใบงาน ม.2
ใบงาน ม.2
 
Bio-vision_Kerala quiz 2016
Bio-vision_Kerala quiz 2016Bio-vision_Kerala quiz 2016
Bio-vision_Kerala quiz 2016
 
Vayana dinam quiz shajal kakkodi master vol 1
Vayana dinam quiz shajal kakkodi master   vol 1Vayana dinam quiz shajal kakkodi master   vol 1
Vayana dinam quiz shajal kakkodi master vol 1
 
Развитие сотрудников в Superjob
Развитие сотрудников в SuperjobРазвитие сотрудников в Superjob
Развитие сотрудников в Superjob
 

Semelhante a Brazil and China cooperation for agriculture development in Africa

2. FAO-IFAD - Youth Employment in Caribbean: Project Presentation
2. FAO-IFAD - Youth Employment in Caribbean: Project Presentation2. FAO-IFAD - Youth Employment in Caribbean: Project Presentation
2. FAO-IFAD - Youth Employment in Caribbean: Project PresentationFAO
 
RECOFTC UNEP/UNREDD Durban presentation 011211
RECOFTC UNEP/UNREDD Durban presentation 011211RECOFTC UNEP/UNREDD Durban presentation 011211
RECOFTC UNEP/UNREDD Durban presentation 011211120044
 
REDD+ in Asia-Pacific: Are capacity building services meeting countries’ needs?
REDD+ in Asia-Pacific: Are capacity building services meeting countries’ needs?REDD+ in Asia-Pacific: Are capacity building services meeting countries’ needs?
REDD+ in Asia-Pacific: Are capacity building services meeting countries’ needs?theREDDdesk
 
China, Brazil and agricultural development in Africa. Trends and contrasts
China, Brazil and agricultural development in Africa. Trends and contrastsChina, Brazil and agricultural development in Africa. Trends and contrasts
China, Brazil and agricultural development in Africa. Trends and contrastsfutureagricultures
 
C2.1. The Tropical Agriculture Platform.
C2.1. The Tropical Agriculture Platform.C2.1. The Tropical Agriculture Platform.
C2.1. The Tropical Agriculture Platform.GCARD Conferences
 
Contribution of Micro Finance on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh
Contribution of Micro Finance on Poverty Alleviation in BangladeshContribution of Micro Finance on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh
Contribution of Micro Finance on Poverty Alleviation in BangladeshRoksana Aftab Ruhi
 
Breakout session north-south and south-south collaborative actions
Breakout session   north-south and south-south collaborative actionsBreakout session   north-south and south-south collaborative actions
Breakout session north-south and south-south collaborative actionsGCARD Conferences
 
EADD GAAP Presentation January 2013
EADD GAAP Presentation January 2013EADD GAAP Presentation January 2013
EADD GAAP Presentation January 2013IFPRI Gender
 
EADD presentation at GAAP final technical workshop
EADD presentation at GAAP final technical workshop EADD presentation at GAAP final technical workshop
EADD presentation at GAAP final technical workshop genderassets
 
Youth, decent employment and the caadp
Youth, decent employment and the caadpYouth, decent employment and the caadp
Youth, decent employment and the caadpNawsheen Hosenally
 
Era ard ii-paepard presentation
Era ard ii-paepard presentationEra ard ii-paepard presentation
Era ard ii-paepard presentationFrancois Stepman
 
Cesse 2012 Management Institute - Gina van Dijk - Implementing Successful Par...
Cesse 2012 Management Institute - Gina van Dijk - Implementing Successful Par...Cesse 2012 Management Institute - Gina van Dijk - Implementing Successful Par...
Cesse 2012 Management Institute - Gina van Dijk - Implementing Successful Par...Peter Turner
 
Working with diversity in international partnerships -- The GCP experience --...
Working with diversity in international partnerships -- The GCP experience --...Working with diversity in international partnerships -- The GCP experience --...
Working with diversity in international partnerships -- The GCP experience --...CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme
 
Introduction to GBIF for the African Open Science Platform/Melianie Raymond
Introduction to GBIF for the African Open Science Platform/Melianie RaymondIntroduction to GBIF for the African Open Science Platform/Melianie Raymond
Introduction to GBIF for the African Open Science Platform/Melianie RaymondAfrican Open Science Platform
 
RB-COSOP workshop laos 270416-revised with participants comments
RB-COSOP workshop laos 270416-revised with participants commentsRB-COSOP workshop laos 270416-revised with participants comments
RB-COSOP workshop laos 270416-revised with participants commentsifadseahub
 
Future Agricultures Consortium overview (Jan 13)
Future Agricultures Consortium overview (Jan 13)Future Agricultures Consortium overview (Jan 13)
Future Agricultures Consortium overview (Jan 13)futureagricultures
 

Semelhante a Brazil and China cooperation for agriculture development in Africa (20)

3 Learning and outreach event on scaling-up
3 Learning and outreach event on scaling-up3 Learning and outreach event on scaling-up
3 Learning and outreach event on scaling-up
 
2. FAO-IFAD - Youth Employment in Caribbean: Project Presentation
2. FAO-IFAD - Youth Employment in Caribbean: Project Presentation2. FAO-IFAD - Youth Employment in Caribbean: Project Presentation
2. FAO-IFAD - Youth Employment in Caribbean: Project Presentation
 
RECOFTC UNEP/UNREDD Durban presentation 011211
RECOFTC UNEP/UNREDD Durban presentation 011211RECOFTC UNEP/UNREDD Durban presentation 011211
RECOFTC UNEP/UNREDD Durban presentation 011211
 
REDD+ in Asia-Pacific: Are capacity building services meeting countries’ needs?
REDD+ in Asia-Pacific: Are capacity building services meeting countries’ needs?REDD+ in Asia-Pacific: Are capacity building services meeting countries’ needs?
REDD+ in Asia-Pacific: Are capacity building services meeting countries’ needs?
 
China, Brazil and agricultural development in Africa. Trends and contrasts
China, Brazil and agricultural development in Africa. Trends and contrastsChina, Brazil and agricultural development in Africa. Trends and contrasts
China, Brazil and agricultural development in Africa. Trends and contrasts
 
C2.1. The Tropical Agriculture Platform.
C2.1. The Tropical Agriculture Platform.C2.1. The Tropical Agriculture Platform.
C2.1. The Tropical Agriculture Platform.
 
Contribution of Micro Finance on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh
Contribution of Micro Finance on Poverty Alleviation in BangladeshContribution of Micro Finance on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh
Contribution of Micro Finance on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh
 
The CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons
The CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons The CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons
The CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons
 
CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons
CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons
CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons
 
Breakout session north-south and south-south collaborative actions
Breakout session   north-south and south-south collaborative actionsBreakout session   north-south and south-south collaborative actions
Breakout session north-south and south-south collaborative actions
 
EADD GAAP Presentation January 2013
EADD GAAP Presentation January 2013EADD GAAP Presentation January 2013
EADD GAAP Presentation January 2013
 
EADD presentation at GAAP final technical workshop
EADD presentation at GAAP final technical workshop EADD presentation at GAAP final technical workshop
EADD presentation at GAAP final technical workshop
 
Youth, decent employment and the caadp
Youth, decent employment and the caadpYouth, decent employment and the caadp
Youth, decent employment and the caadp
 
Era ard ii-paepard presentation
Era ard ii-paepard presentationEra ard ii-paepard presentation
Era ard ii-paepard presentation
 
Ghana Country programme evaluation
Ghana Country programme evaluationGhana Country programme evaluation
Ghana Country programme evaluation
 
Cesse 2012 Management Institute - Gina van Dijk - Implementing Successful Par...
Cesse 2012 Management Institute - Gina van Dijk - Implementing Successful Par...Cesse 2012 Management Institute - Gina van Dijk - Implementing Successful Par...
Cesse 2012 Management Institute - Gina van Dijk - Implementing Successful Par...
 
Working with diversity in international partnerships -- The GCP experience --...
Working with diversity in international partnerships -- The GCP experience --...Working with diversity in international partnerships -- The GCP experience --...
Working with diversity in international partnerships -- The GCP experience --...
 
Introduction to GBIF for the African Open Science Platform/Melianie Raymond
Introduction to GBIF for the African Open Science Platform/Melianie RaymondIntroduction to GBIF for the African Open Science Platform/Melianie Raymond
Introduction to GBIF for the African Open Science Platform/Melianie Raymond
 
RB-COSOP workshop laos 270416-revised with participants comments
RB-COSOP workshop laos 270416-revised with participants commentsRB-COSOP workshop laos 270416-revised with participants comments
RB-COSOP workshop laos 270416-revised with participants comments
 
Future Agricultures Consortium overview (Jan 13)
Future Agricultures Consortium overview (Jan 13)Future Agricultures Consortium overview (Jan 13)
Future Agricultures Consortium overview (Jan 13)
 

Mais de futureagricultures

Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...
Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...
Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...futureagricultures
 
Importance of the rice sector in ethiopia
Importance of the rice sector in ethiopia Importance of the rice sector in ethiopia
Importance of the rice sector in ethiopia futureagricultures
 
Rice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of Ethiopia
Rice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of EthiopiaRice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of Ethiopia
Rice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of Ethiopiafutureagricultures
 
Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...
Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...
Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...futureagricultures
 
Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...
Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...
Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...futureagricultures
 
APRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 UpdateAPRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 Updatefutureagricultures
 
APRA Tanzania Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Tanzania Work Stream 1 UpdateAPRA Tanzania Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Tanzania Work Stream 1 Updatefutureagricultures
 
APRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 UpdateAPRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 Updatefutureagricultures
 
APRA Ghana WorkStream 1 Update
APRA Ghana WorkStream 1 UpdateAPRA Ghana WorkStream 1 Update
APRA Ghana WorkStream 1 Updatefutureagricultures
 
Afrint Book Launch Presentation 2018
Afrint Book Launch Presentation 2018Afrint Book Launch Presentation 2018
Afrint Book Launch Presentation 2018futureagricultures
 
Apra mechanisation and corridors in mozambique
Apra mechanisation and corridors in mozambiqueApra mechanisation and corridors in mozambique
Apra mechanisation and corridors in mozambiquefutureagricultures
 
APRA overview for LPI land conference
APRA overview for LPI land conferenceAPRA overview for LPI land conference
APRA overview for LPI land conferencefutureagricultures
 
Agricultural growth corridors: prospects for mobilising investment and deliv...
Agricultural growth corridors:  prospects for mobilising investment and deliv...Agricultural growth corridors:  prospects for mobilising investment and deliv...
Agricultural growth corridors: prospects for mobilising investment and deliv...futureagricultures
 
The politics of SAGCOT: Implications for small-scale producers and pathways f...
The politics of SAGCOT: Implications for small-scale producers and pathways f...The politics of SAGCOT: Implications for small-scale producers and pathways f...
The politics of SAGCOT: Implications for small-scale producers and pathways f...futureagricultures
 
‘A plot of land along the corridor’: youth, bureaucracy and the planning of l...
‘A plot of land along the corridor’: youth, bureaucracy and the planning of l...‘A plot of land along the corridor’: youth, bureaucracy and the planning of l...
‘A plot of land along the corridor’: youth, bureaucracy and the planning of l...futureagricultures
 
Corridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for land
Corridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for landCorridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for land
Corridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for landfutureagricultures
 
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...futureagricultures
 
Land Rights and Youth Employment in Uganda
Land Rights and Youth Employment in Uganda Land Rights and Youth Employment in Uganda
Land Rights and Youth Employment in Uganda futureagricultures
 
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...futureagricultures
 
Yara:Agro-Food Systems Change and Food Security: Beyond the Land Grab Discour...
Yara:Agro-Food Systems Change and Food Security: Beyond the Land Grab Discour...Yara:Agro-Food Systems Change and Food Security: Beyond the Land Grab Discour...
Yara:Agro-Food Systems Change and Food Security: Beyond the Land Grab Discour...futureagricultures
 

Mais de futureagricultures (20)

Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...
Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...
Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...
 
Importance of the rice sector in ethiopia
Importance of the rice sector in ethiopia Importance of the rice sector in ethiopia
Importance of the rice sector in ethiopia
 
Rice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of Ethiopia
Rice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of EthiopiaRice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of Ethiopia
Rice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of Ethiopia
 
Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...
Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...
Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...
 
Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...
Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...
Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...
 
APRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 UpdateAPRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 Update
 
APRA Tanzania Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Tanzania Work Stream 1 UpdateAPRA Tanzania Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Tanzania Work Stream 1 Update
 
APRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 UpdateAPRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 Update
APRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 Update
 
APRA Ghana WorkStream 1 Update
APRA Ghana WorkStream 1 UpdateAPRA Ghana WorkStream 1 Update
APRA Ghana WorkStream 1 Update
 
Afrint Book Launch Presentation 2018
Afrint Book Launch Presentation 2018Afrint Book Launch Presentation 2018
Afrint Book Launch Presentation 2018
 
Apra mechanisation and corridors in mozambique
Apra mechanisation and corridors in mozambiqueApra mechanisation and corridors in mozambique
Apra mechanisation and corridors in mozambique
 
APRA overview for LPI land conference
APRA overview for LPI land conferenceAPRA overview for LPI land conference
APRA overview for LPI land conference
 
Agricultural growth corridors: prospects for mobilising investment and deliv...
Agricultural growth corridors:  prospects for mobilising investment and deliv...Agricultural growth corridors:  prospects for mobilising investment and deliv...
Agricultural growth corridors: prospects for mobilising investment and deliv...
 
The politics of SAGCOT: Implications for small-scale producers and pathways f...
The politics of SAGCOT: Implications for small-scale producers and pathways f...The politics of SAGCOT: Implications for small-scale producers and pathways f...
The politics of SAGCOT: Implications for small-scale producers and pathways f...
 
‘A plot of land along the corridor’: youth, bureaucracy and the planning of l...
‘A plot of land along the corridor’: youth, bureaucracy and the planning of l...‘A plot of land along the corridor’: youth, bureaucracy and the planning of l...
‘A plot of land along the corridor’: youth, bureaucracy and the planning of l...
 
Corridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for land
Corridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for landCorridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for land
Corridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for land
 
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
 
Land Rights and Youth Employment in Uganda
Land Rights and Youth Employment in Uganda Land Rights and Youth Employment in Uganda
Land Rights and Youth Employment in Uganda
 
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
Land rights, Land-Based Innovations, and Diversified Livelihoods for young fa...
 
Yara:Agro-Food Systems Change and Food Security: Beyond the Land Grab Discour...
Yara:Agro-Food Systems Change and Food Security: Beyond the Land Grab Discour...Yara:Agro-Food Systems Change and Food Security: Beyond the Land Grab Discour...
Yara:Agro-Food Systems Change and Food Security: Beyond the Land Grab Discour...
 

Último

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 

Último (20)

Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 

Brazil and China cooperation for agriculture development in Africa

  • 1. Accra 21-23 March 2012 Brazil and China cooperation for agriculture development in Africa An FAC scoping study by Alex Shankland (IDS), Jing Gu (IDS), Lídia Cabral (ODI) and Lila Buckley (IIED)
  • 2. Outline Accra 21-23 March 2012 1. Background 2. Research focus and objectives 3. Emerging findings 4. Upcoming activities 5. Future plans
  • 3. Background Accra 21-23 March 2012 Emerging economies or rising powers are becoming prominent players in international development World Economic League Table (GDP) Rank 2011 2020 forecast 1 US US 2 China China 3 Japan Japan 4 Germany Russia 5 France India 6 Brazil Brazil 7 UK Germany 8 Italy UK 9 Russia France 10 India Italy Source: Centre for Economics and Business Research
  • 4. Background Accra 21-23 March 2012 • Emerging economies are expanding their development cooperation activities • Their role is increasingly recognized by the international aid system - focus on South-South cooperation in Busan HLF4 • Trilateral cooperation involving North and South donors is becoming a common feature in the aid business • In 2011, China released its first White Paper on Foreign Aid and South Africa and India launched their official foreign aid agencies • Emerging economies’ focus in Africa and agriculture is significant and remains understudied
  • 5. Background Accra 21-23 March 2012 • A great deal of speculation on the interest of Brazilian farmers to access land in Africa for high-value non-food crop production – some controversial press about deals linking cooperation projects with land concession in Mozambique • Same on China – much press hype in recent years about China’s ‘land grab’ in Africa, but very little evidence of Chinese-owned large-scale export-oriented agriculture production • But the reality, for both countries, seems much more nuanced and complex, with multiple actors engaging in multiple ways
  • 6. Focus and objectives Accra 21-23 March 2012 • Focus: Brazil and China cooperation activities in Africa to support agricultural development • Objectives: (i) document experiences of emerging cooperation programmes, (ii) understand the rationale, novelty and value added of the approaches used and (iii) discuss implications for cooperation practices and for African agricultures • Overarching research question: are the rising powers establishing new paradigms for agriculture development in Africa through their development cooperation programmes? • Issues to cover: institutional mapping, projects inventory, policies and discourse, actors, networks and their agendas, interface with local processes
  • 7. Accra 21-23 March 2012 Emerging findings…
  • 8. Brazil findings 1 Accra 21-23 March 2012 General features of Brazilian cooperation • Cooperation as an instrument of foreign policy – solidarity rhetoric dominates but geopolitical drives are visible • Cooperation portrayed as mutually beneficial horizontal (South-South) partnership but economic motivations often concealed • Relatively small in volume (est. USD 362 million* for 2010), though quickly expanding, but offering models developing countries are eager to emulate • New modalities emerging – concessional export credits (including for agriculture) becoming relatively significant and trilateral cooperation • Institutional segmentation and policy void • Coordination gaps – coordination at operational level (ABC) but no obvious direction on content, apart from high level diplomacy • Africa focus strong – 57% of TC in 2010, plus vigorous diplomatic agenda, growing trade and bulging private investment (mining, oil, construction – and a lot of speculation on the interest of Brazilian farmers in accessing African land)
  • 9. Brazil findings 2 Accra 21-23 March 2012 Overview of Brazilian cooperation in agriculture in Africa • Agriculture as main sector of cooperation in Africa Technical cooperation in Africa, 2003-10 • Lusophone countries as main recipients but expanding number of partner Social development countries (currently approx. 26) 2% Other 17% Planning Agriculture • Wide range of issues covered – 2% 26% research, training and transfer of Urban development improved varieties/techniques Public 3% predominant administration 4% • More than 20 Brazilian institutions Energy 5% actively involved Environment • Embrapa dominates portfolio 5% Education and Health 22% • but others gaining space: MDA with its professional training ‘family farming’ focus 14% • Brazilian civil society slowly stepping in Source: ABC
  • 10. Brazil findings 3 Accra 21-23 March 2012 Cotton 4: Benin, Burkina Project highlights Aquisição de Alimentos: Faso, Chad and Mali (since 2009) • Emerges as result of successful Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria and WTO cotton subsidy dispute Senegal (just launched) • Aims to improve quality and • Aims to address food insecurity and productivity of cotton in WA strengthen local food markets region • Led by MDA and MDS • Focused mostly on research • Adapts similar programme in operation and extension within Brazil • Led by Embrapa • Trilateral partnership with WTO and FAO • Approx $5 million for phase I • $2.4 million committed by Brazil • First large project in the agriculture portfolio* Mais Alimentos África: ProSavana: Mozambique (since 2011) Ghana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Senegal • Ag-focused regional development and Kenya (just launched) programme along Nacala corridor • Aims to increase productivity and food • Aims to replicate Brazilian savannah security by improving access to transformation technology • Led by Embrapa • Combines concessional credit facility to • Said to combine commercial largescale buy Brazilian agric machinery and and smallscale production systems equipment with technical assistance • Trilateral cooperation Japan-Brazil- • Led by MDA Mozambique • Adapts similar programme in operation • $13 million for phase I (5 yrs) within Brazil since 2008 • $640 million worth of credit for 2011- and trends 12
  • 11. Brazil findings 4 Accra 21-23 March 2012 Emerging hypotheses 1. The blending of moral and pragmatic drives in Brazilian cooperation mirrors the competing motivations within government and society with regards to foreign affairs 2. Policy void as reflection of segmentation of cooperation framework and domestic agricultural governance 3. Contrasting narratives/visions of agricultural development 4. The affinities Brazil-Africa are often overestimated and are use as political rhetoric 5. Technocratic approach to development, which strips Brazilian domestic experiences of their political baggage and is ill- informed of local politics, society and culture
  • 12. China findings 1 Accra 21-23 March 2012 General features of Chinese cooperation • China has become the largest trading partner with Africa, reaching USD 160 billion in 2011, according to the Chinese Ministry of Commerce. • Plurality of cooperation(s) and relationships forged: all formal political, social and economic engagement with African countries is guided by the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). However, there are increasing numbers of engagements outside this realm: Chinese immigrants to Africa acting independently; Chinese hires by African firms; some civil society partnerships. • Official rhetoric of equality and mutual benefit through ‘pragmatic cooperation’, promoting ‘political dialogue and economic cooperation and trade, with a view to seeking mutual reinforcement & common development’. • Framed as ‘South-South’ collaboration emphasizing long history of ‘Chinese African friendship’, with China as a developing country leading in the ‘modern revival of developing countries’ worldwide (CATTF 2011). • New modalities emerging – emphasis on economic trade as cooperation; trilateral relationships emerging with OECD donors and UN bodies.
  • 13. Accra 21-23 March 2012 Source: http://afrographique.tumblr.com/
  • 14. China findings 2 Accra 21-23 March 2012 Overview of Chinese cooperation in agriculture in Africa • Chinese government has committed to building Agriculture Technology Demonstration Centers in 20 countries. Aim is to collaborate with local agriculture ministries to ‘boost agriculture production’ in host countries. Focus on technology transfer: seed varieties; planting techniques; production and (some) processing techniques, clean energy technology. • Mixture of agriculture aid, trade and investment: demonstration centers are aid programs run by Chinese companies and joint ventures which are meant to manage them sustainably after a set time period. Agriculture makes up less than 10% of China's outbound investments, but this is growing rapidly. • Mutual benefit discourse informed by ecological optimism about Africa’s agriculture development potential: Benefits host country by introducing new food varieties (eg soy as new protein source); ‘improved’ foods (eg ‘superior’ GM crops); post-production processing techniques (eg packaging to retain freshness). Benefits China by helping meet demand for certain goods (animal feed, cotton, forest products, tobacco) • Focus on government over local communities: Chinese actors tend to focus collaboration on African host country government actors rather than non-state actors. They tend to be surprised when efforts meet with local resistance despite having government approval.
  • 15. China findings 3 Accra 21-23 March 2012 Emerging hypotheses 1. Chinese engagements in Africa are redefining the landscape of ‘aid’ from a paradigm of development assistance to one of development cooperation mixed with development investment 2. Agriculture cooperation is guided by a strong belief in the Chinese project of modernization, which has a strong technocratic approach, and an ecological optimism about Africa’s agriculture potential 3. Largely ignores socio-cultural contexts of agriculture development and food security, leading to cooperation frustrations and failures 4. Emerging trilateral agriculture cooperation initiatives between China-OECD-African partner may address some of these shortcomings, but research on actual experience is sparse
  • 16. Upcoming activities Accra 21-23 March 2012 • FAC public event in Brasília in May: The Role of South-South Cooperation in Agricultural Development in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges • Hosted by UNDP’s International Poverty Centre for Inclusive Growth with co-funding from DFID • High profile guests from Brazilian development cooperation domain (Foreign Affairs, Embrapa, Ministry of Agrarian Development, civil society organisations) as well as from Africa, China and the international research community • Panels on Brazilian cooperation framework, Brazilian agricultural policy and governance, the Green Growth agenda in South-South cooperation, and China-Brazil compared • Poverty in Focus special issue
  • 17. Future research plans Accra 21-23 March 2012 • Mozambique case-study on Brazil cooperation: the dual policy narrative in practice, looking at Nacala corridor project (ProSavana) and new MDA-led initiatives • Senegal case-study on China cooperation: empirical look at the emerging trilateral agriculture engagements, exploring an FAO SSC project jointly implemented by the Chinese and Senegalese Ministries of Agriculture • Wider research proposal (submitted to ESRC rising powers call) for larger 3-yr research project looking at China and Brazil across 4 African countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique and Zimbabwe) aiming to examine in detail the new relationships in African agriculture
  • 18. Accra 21-23 March 2012 More on the FAC website soon!

Notas do Editor

  1. BRIC countries are highlighted here, but there are other emerging economies with increasing role.The significance of the BRIC is partly because of their weight in the global economy, which makes them major trade partners, sources of FDI and sources of influence in global governance.
  2. India Agency for Partnership and DevelopmentSouth African Development Partnership Agency
  3. Trade facts:Bilateral trade Brazil-Africa averaged USD 21 billion in 2007/2009 and growing – Cindes paper 2011It represents 2.3% of Brazil’s imports and 2.3% of the continents imports (2007/09)Main Brazilian exports to Africa: sugar and sugar-based processed products (confeitaria) and meat – 26 and 12 per cent respectively in 2008/10Main Brazilian imports from Africa: oil and minerals (85%) and fertiliser (5%)FDI facts:Significant data gaps (because the way Brazilian companies register their foreign investments – tax heavens)Oil, mining and construction as main sectorsAngola as main destinationTechnical cooperation by SENAI on professional training as vehicle to promote Brazilian businesses* This includes contributions to multilateral orgs (technical cooperation alone under 50 million). The estimate would increase significantly if concessional lending was included (estimated to represent about 42% of total Brazilian assistance)
  4. Issues covered by Brazilian cooperation in agriculture (examples):Technology transfer/extension (Angola)Rural professional training (Angola)Strengthening agricultural research systems (Angola, Cape Verde)Strengthening fitosanitary inspection systems (Angola)Soil conservation techniques (Algeria)Strengthening milk production chain (Algeria, Burkina), meat production chain (Botswana)Introduction of improved varieties of horticultures (Cape Verde), cotton (Benin, Mali, Burkina and Chad) and production techniques (e.g. cocoa in Cameroon and Congo and sugar cane in Congo)Strengthening agriculture coops (Benin, Botswana)Etc.In Ghana:Forest plantations development (Embrapa)Bio-energy – training of human resources on regulation and technology (Embrapa)Biotechnology on cassava – training of human resources (Embrapa)
  5. * (average project size $500,000)Some trends these examples help illustrating:From small one-off to larger and longer projects (projetosestruturantes)Adaptation of successful policies (MaisAlimentos, Aquisição de Alimentos)Modality mixing (TA + concessional lending) – hinting links with commercial transactions?Triangular cooperation – ProSavana in Mozambique
  6. Limited knowledge about Africa is one of the limitations to further expansion of Brazilian private investment in the continent, according to a study by IPEA (2011)
  7. Brautigam (2009) estimates China disbursed about USD1.4 billion to Africa in 2009 as ODAThe Forum on China-Africa Co-operation is a platform established by China and friendly African countries for collective consultation and dialogue and a cooperation mechanism between the developing countries, which falls into the category of South-South cooperation. The characteristics of the Forum are as follows: Pragmatic Cooperation: Its purpose is to strengthen consultation and expand cooperation and its focus is on cooperation. Equality and Mutual Benefit: It promotes both political dialogue and economic cooperation and trade, with a view to seeking mutual reinforcement and common development.CATTF:China Africa Think Tanks Forum
  8. As of 2010, over 100 ‘senior agriculture experts’ had been assigned to 33 African countries, with at least 50 more teams committed in future.
  9. China is forthright about the links between charitable assistance and profit-oriented transactions – both are part of its 'equality and mutual benefit' and 'pragmatic cooperation' approach towards development and contrast with the aid-focused approach to development traditional donors tend to use, at least until Busan (new paradigm)
  10. The International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) is UNDP’s global forum for policy dialogue and South-South learning on development innovations. HQ in Brasília.Poverty in Focus in IPC-IG flagship publication.
  11. Additional Senegal work: research will follow the track of a Chinese official who directed a bilateral cooperation project in agriculture in Senegal for several years and is now involved in a trilateral cooperation project between China-FAO-Senegal. In China, this person works on agriculture extension to Chinese farmers and can therefore offer a view on China's policy within the country and how this is being applied abroad, as well as contrast the frameworks of bilateral and trilateral cooperation.ERSC proposal framed to consider four levels:discourses at the global levelthe political economy of national-level policy processes within the rising powers’ domestic realms…and in their interface with beneficiary country institutionsthe micro-level interactions that emerge around specific cooperation projects in beneficiary countries.