Brewer: Contributions of Social Research on ICT4D

Technology for Developing Regions Eric Brewer Tier Group, UC Berkeley Madrid, Spain May 14, 2010 Thanks to Sonesh Surana, Kurtis Heimerl and the TIER Students & Faculty

The “Base of the Pyramid” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Traditional Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Actual Development: Cellphones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Remittances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],$40B

Microfinance: Grameen Bank ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Grameen Telecom Cellular in rural Bangladesh ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Urban vs. Rural ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Where are we? Manila, Philippines Edmonton, Canada

Why WiFi? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

New World Record: 382 km (with Ermanno Pietrosemoli)

New World Record – 382 km Pico El Aguila, Venezuela Elev: 4200 meters

Rural Telemedicine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Aravind Eye Hospital Network ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Routers used : PC Engines Wrap boards, 266 Mhz CPU, 512 MB Cost : $140

Real Impact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cellphones as Computers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SmartPhone Diagnostic Device ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CellScope: Cellphone Microscope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dan Fletcher UC Berkeley

Education: English ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learning Assessment (Preliminary) Matthew Kam Divya Ramachandran John Canny

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Poor Quality Power ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Voltage Range Number of Instances seen over 6 weeks

What about UPS? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What’s in an iPhone (3GS) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Apple iPhone 3GS Touch screen: $35.25 Total: $178 $24 $2.25 $1.30 $8.50 $13 $1.25 $14.46 $3

Some Example Devices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Supercomputer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Replace the PC? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Decentralized Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schools in Batanes Prof. Manuel Ramos Jr., UP

Other Tier Technologies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Education: multiple mice per PC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Power Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Open Spectrum Matters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Local expertise: Training and Migration Equipment Supply Installation Management Maintenance Migration at Aravind TIER, UC Berkeley Aravind Local Vendor Jan’06 – Jun’06 2007: 5 more clinic links Jun’07 – Dec’07 Jul’06 – Dec’06 Jan’07 – Jun’07

Remote Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hardware Faults at Aravind, 2006 *Conservative Estimate Instances * Description Total Downtime 63 Router board not powered 63 days 7 Router powered but hung 10 days 21 Router powered but not connected to remote LAN (burned ethernet ports) 34 days 3 Router on, but wireless cards not transmitting (low voltage) 2 days 3 Router on, but pigtails not connected 45 days 1 Router on, but antenna Line-of-Sight blocked 8 weeks >90% of faults are power-related

WiLD: Slotted WiFi MAC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

International Bandwidth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

WiFi Internet for Africa? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SW Faults Software Faults at Aravind (in 2006) *Conservative Estimate Instances * Description Total Downtime 4 No default gateway specified 4 days 3 Wrong ESSID, channel, mode 3 days 2 Wrong IP address 2 days 2 Misconfigured routing 3 days

2. Data Collection and Monitoring ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Alternate Network Entry Points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

4. Recovery Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lesson 1: Reduce Need For Trained Staff ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lesson 2: Simple Re-design Is Often Enough ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lesson 3: Real Cost of Power Is Cleaning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thank you! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Is it sustainable? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Wireless Hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schools in Batanes Prof. Manuel Ramos Jr. UP

Brewer: Contributions of Social Research on ICT4D

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