1. TOWARD THE MODERN
CONSCIOUSNESS
CH.5 SECTION 4

2. THE SCIENCES
• Marie Curie discovered radium gave off
energy/radiation from inside itself
• Albert Einstein published his theory of relativity 1905
• Sigmund Freud developed a method called
psychoanalysis so that therapists can probe into a
patients memory
• Retrace repressed thoughts

3. SOCIAL DARWINISM
• Theory used to justify the dominance of Western
nations- based on Darwin's theories
• An example of extreme nationalism
• Anti-Semitism: hostility towards and discrimination
against Jews
• Grew much stronger in Europe, especially Germany
• Persecutions and bloody pogroms were widespread across
eastern Europe

4. CULTURE OF MODERNITY
• Literature: Naturalists felt literature should be realistic
and address social problems. Symbolists believed in
art for arts sake
• Architecture: functionalism became popular
• Frank Lloyd Wright built homes with long geometric lines
and overhanging roofs
• Music: Stravinsky used expressive sounds and bold
rhythms, and impressionist composers used subtle
and shifting harmonies

5. PAINTING
• Impressionism began in France, they rejected
studios and went into the country to paint nature
directly
• Post impressionism used color and structure to
express mood (van Gogh)
• Pablo Picasso created cubism- used geometric
designs to re-create reality in the viewers mind