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คํานามที่เปนไดทั้งคํานามเอกพจนและพหูพจน
(1) คํานามบางคําคงรูปเดิม เมื่อเปนเอกพจน/พหูพจน ไดแก
species Chinese
fish Japanese
sheep Swiss
deer Series
He gave a series of lectures.
There are several series of programmes.
I caught a fish.
They caught several fish.
(2) คํานามบางคําเมื่อใชในความหมาย “ชื่อวิชา” จะมีความหมายเปนเอกพจน ใชคํากริยาเอกพจนแตเมื่อใชในความหมายของ
สวนประกอบของกิจกรรม จะเปนพหูพจน ไดแก
mathematics economics
statistics politics
Statistics is very interesting.
These statistics are useful.
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(3) คําสมุหนาม (Collective Nouns) ประเภท ‘class, group, family, committee, club, company’
จะใชในความหมายเปน หนึ่งหนวย จะใชกริยาเอกพจน และเมื่อใชในความหมายของแตละอยางหรือสมาชิกแตละคน
จะใชกริยาพหูพจน
The committee has produced its final report.
The committee are celebrating their victory.
คํานามที่มีรูปพหูพจน (ลงทายดวย “s”) แตมีความหมายเอกพจน
คํานามที่เปนชื่อโรค ชื่อเกมส หรือ ขาวจะลงทายดวย “s” แตถือเปนเอกพจน ไดแก
news measles mumps
dominoes darts
เชน No news is good news.
Mumps is not common in England.
Dominoes is my favorite game.
คํานามที่มีรูปเอกพจน แตมีความหมายพหูพจน
people clergy
police the rich
cattle the poor
เชน They are poor people.
The police have arrested the thieves.
Those cattle are the best.
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คํานามนับไมไดในความหมายพหูพจน จะเติมคําที่บอกจํานวนหรือปริมาณลงไป แตกริยาเปนเอกพจนเสมอ เชน
a large amount of a lot of
a great deal of a little
plenty of a bit of
lots of some
เชน Lots of time is wasted.
I’ve got a little money; it should be enough to live on.
There is still a lot of snow.
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Exercise
A. จงทําใหรูปพหูพจนของคํานามในวงเล็บ
1. I am proud of my (son-in-law)__________.
2. I have been here for three (day) __________.
3. She has just finished her (song) __________.
4. I think we need two (radio) __________.
5. Those were their (watch) __________.
6. Have you seen those (ox) __________?
7. Whose (knife) __________are these?
8. These (photo) __________are mine.
9. My (foot) __________really hurt!
10. We saw several (deer) __________in the park.
B. Make these sentences plural.
1. A dog is an animal.
_____________________________________.
2. A potato is a vegetable.
_____________________________________.
3. A girl likes a sweet.
_____________________________________.
4. A teacher is a man or a woman.
_____________________________________.
5. A fly is an insect.
_____________________________________.
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6. A dog hates a cat.
_____________________________________.
7. A student is not always good.
_____________________________________.
8. A cow gives milk.
_____________________________________.
9. We can make a cake with flour, milk and an egg.
_____________________________________.
10. A mother is kind to a little child.
_____________________________________.
11. A box has a lid.
_____________________________________.
12. A chicken is a bird.
_____________________________________.
13. A chair is made of wood.
_____________________________________.
14. We fill our pen with ink.
_____________________________________.
15. A writer writes a book.
_____________________________________.
16. A picture is pretty.
_____________________________________.
17. We can read a book.
_____________________________________.
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18. A garden had a tree.
_____________________________________.
19. We drink tea out of a cup.
_____________________________________.
20. An apple grows on a tree.
_____________________________________.
21. A boy likes a game.
_____________________________________.
22. An eye is blue or brown.
_____________________________________.
23. A fish can swim.
_____________________________________.
24. A pencil is like a pen.
_____________________________________.
25. A cat eats meat.
_____________________________________.
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C. จงเขียน C หนาคํานามที่นับได และ U หนาคํานามที่นับไมได
1. ________advice
2. ________animal
3. ________tomato
4. ________intelligence
5. ________freedom
6. ________hero
7. ________gold
8. ________cup
9. ________garden
D. จงขีดเสนใตคํากริยาที่ถูกตองในวงเล็บ
1. Politics (is, are) Pom’s field of study.
2. Your trousers (is, are) brown.
3. The news (depresses, depress) me.
4. The police (has, have) arrested the criminals.
5. Here (is, are) two answers.
6. Measles (is, are) dangerous.
7. The rich (is, are) lucky.
8. There (is, are) 150 species of butterfly.
9. How many fish (is, are) there in the pond?
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Unit 2 Prounouns
Pronoun
หมายถึง คําที่ใชแทนคํานาม หรือ คําที่ใชแทนชื่อคน สัตว หรือสิ่งของ แบงเปน 7 ประเภท คือ
ประธาน กรรม Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun
I me mine myself
We us ours ourselves
You you yours yourselves(yourself)
He him his himself
She her hers herself
It it its itself
They them theirs themselves
One one one’s oneself
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Exercise
A. จงขีดเสนใตคํา pronoun.
1. The dog chased its tail and finally caught it.
2. The painter prepared his brushes, and then he finally got to use them.
3. Teachers and students agreed that they had the same interests.
4. Extraction of a wisdom tooth can cause great pain if it is impacted.
5. Zebras are prized for the beauty they display.
6. The doctor removed John’s tonsils when he was five years old.
7. Ruth is bound to sell some antiques if she tries long enough.
8. Two atomic bombs ended World War II, but they are still discussed today.
9. San Francisco is a beautiful city; it is near to New York.
10. The state of Vermout imposes heavy income taxes when it needs funds.
B. จงเปลี่ยนคําที่ขีดเสนใตใหเปนสรรพนามใหถูกตอง
1. Mary is diligent. Mary studies her lessons every night.
2. John and Mary study in the same class. John and Mary are classmates.
3. Helen and I are neighbors. Helen and I live next to each other.
4. Jack is a good student. Jack never goes to school late.
5. Monty is Mary’s dog. Monty is an Alsatian.
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C. จงเติมคําตอไปนี้ลงในชองวางใหถูกตอง “I, we, you, he, she, they, it”
1. Tom and I are friends. ___________ go to the same school. He goes to school by car.
___________ go by bus. Helen and Mary are sisters. __________have a dog. Helen likes
________ but Mary doesn’t. __________ always teases it.
2. Jim: Where do ___________ live?
Suda: _______________live in Chiengmai.
Jim: Where do your parents live?
Suda: __________live in Lampang.
3. Tom: Where is Somsak?
Winai: __________ is in the library with Pramote. __________ are studying for the exam
tomorrow.
4. Customer: How much are these birds?
Shopkeeper: ____________are 50 baht each.
Customer: And what about this one?
Shopkeeper: 100 bath. __________ is a nice bird and ________ sings beautifully.
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D. จงเติมคําตอไปนี้ลงในชองวางใหถูกตอง me, you, us, him, her, them, it
1. Mrs. Smith is very kind. She is our neighbor. She likes my sister and __________. Yesterday
she gave _________ some cookies and we thanked _________.
2. John: Do you know _________?
Som: I know ________ but I don’t know his wife. I’ve never met _______.
3. Mary: What will you buy for Jim and Jane?
Susan: I will buy some presents for ________. I will buy a tennis racket and I will buy
________ a beautiful doll.
4. Mary: What did your father give ___________ on your birthday?
Suda: He gave __________a bicycle.
5. Jack: Where are Wichai and Danai?
Wimon: I don’t know. Why do you want to see ________?
Jack: I want to tell ___________ good news.
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คํา Pronoun
หมายถึง คําที่ใชแทนคํานาม หรือ คําที่ใชแทนชื่อคน สัตว หรือสิ่งของ แบงเปน 7 ประเภท คือ
1. Personal Pronoun 2. Possessive Pronoun
3. Reflexive Pronoun 4. Indefinite Pronouns
5. Relative Pronoun 6. Demonstrative
7. Other Pronouns
Personal Pronoun คือ คําสรรพนามที่ใชแทนคน สัตว และสิ่งของ แบงเปน 2 สวน คือ
A. สรรพนามที่ใชเปนประธาน ของประโยค เชน
I am a student. She has four brothers.
We are boys. They go to school.
You have three pens. It has two legs.
He has ten dogs.
B. สรรพนามที่ใชเปนกรรม ตามหลังกริยาและตามหลังบุพบท เชน
Mary likes me. I will see her tomorrow.
I told him a story. Did you see the snake? Yes. I saw it.
Helen bought a big cake for us. Tom dislikes them.
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Possessive Pronoun
คือ คํานามที่แสดงความเปนเจาของทําหนาที่ไดทั้งเปนประธานและกรรม ไดแก mine, yours, his, hers, theirs,
ours, its เชน
That is your book; this is mine.
This is my bag. Where is yours?
Are those your clothes? No, they are his.
I parked my car behind hers.
My parents work in Bangkok. Theirs work in Phuket.
Can I borrow your pen? Yours works better than mine.
These pictures are ours.
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Exercise
In the following sentences, supply the missing personal and impersonal pronouns as shown in
the examples.
Example: The governor signed the proclamation.
She signed it.
1. Has the cat made a mess of dinner again?
Has ________ made a mess of dinner again?
2. No one but John can do that job properly.
No one but _______ can do that job properly.
3. Franklin and Eleanor Poosevelt had several children.
__________ had several children.
4. Your view of London and my view differ widely.
Your view of London and________differ widely.
5. Do you know when Dubliners was first published?
Do you know when ________ was first published?
6. Does this book belong to Norman and Susie?
Does this book belong to ____________?
7. Whatever preference you may have, there is a suitable wine.
Whatever your preference, there is a wine suitable for ________.
8. Was the portrait of his wife?
Was the portrait of _________?
9. Jane was instructed to give the paper to no one but Joe.
Jane was instructed to give the paper to no one but_________
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Reflexive Pronoun
คือ คําสรรพนามที่แสดงใหเห็นถึงการกระทํานั้นเกิดขึ้นแกตนเอง ไดแก myself, himself, herself, itself,
yourself (yourselves), ourselves, themselves
A. สรรพนามประเภทนี้ใชเมื่อประธานและกรรมเปนตัวเดียวกัน ในกรณีนี้สรรพนามพวกนี้จะทําหนาที่เปนกรรม ของกริยา
หรือบางครั้งจะตามบุพบท เชน
I cut myself.
He shaved himself.
They blamed themselves for the accident.
She spoke to herself.
Make yourself at home.
Take care of yourselves.
We enjoyed ourselves very much.
The dog got up and stretched itself.
B. สรรพนามประเภทนี้ใชเพื่อเนนวาประธานเปนผูทํากริยานั้น ๆ หรือบางครั้งอาจใชเนนกรรม เชน
I opened the door myself.
She herself told me the news.
He himself says so.
He says so himself.
I spoke to the students themselves.
She likes the diamond itself but not the setting.
We should see the house ourselves.
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Exercise
A. จงเติมคําตอไปนี้ลงในชองวางใหถูกตอง myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, ourselves,
yourselves
1. A: Don’t exercise too much. You will hurt ______________.
B: Don’t worry. I will stop now. I don’t want to hurt ___________.
2. A: May is very proud of _____________. She has got an A in Physics.
B: John is very proud of ________ too. He has got an A in Geography.
3. A: Did you eat all those oranges ___________?
B: Yes, they were very good.
4. A: Who painted your house?
B: We painted our house ___________.
5. A: Why do you think that Mrs. Jones is crazy?
B: It’s because she often talks to ___________.
6. A: Are Susan and Carol going out for dinner with us?
B: No, they are going to fix dinner by _____________.
7. The dog got up and stretched _____________.
8. Gary helped ______________ to another large piece of cake.
9. You owe ______________ a long vacation.
10. Our wishes ______________are to blame for our faults.
11. Nancy washed ______________ in the stream.
12. I usually give ______________ the benefit of the doubt; doesn’t one always give_____________
the same advantage?
13. God helps those who help ______________.
14. After each meal, Louise blesses ______________.
15. You should stop fooling ______________ about your health.
16. Mr. Sauders made ______________ successful through hard work.
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17. Pam taught ______________ Spanish and French.
18. We are forcing ______________ to lose weight.
19. You should not blame ______________ for what went wrong.
20. She ______________will end up hurting.
21. Many a writer has found ______________ at loose ends after completing her first novel.
22. The town was ruining ______________ by permitting neighboring towns to discharge waste into
its sewage system.
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B. Choose the best answer.
1. Any student who does not do __________homework will be punished.
a) his b) their c) her d) one’s
2. They went to visit a friend ________________in Chieng Mai.
a) of my b) of us c) of them d) of their
3. Some of the boys are in the room, but where are ____________?
a) other b) the others c) the other d) another
4. ____________ children like watching TV.
a) Almost b) The most c) Most of d) Most
5. As my bicycle was broken, I borrowed __________.
a) John b) John’s one c) John’s d) one of John
6. “Would you like to come to the cinema with me tonight?”
“Thank you, but I am very tired. We should go ____________time.”
a) other b) the other c) at other d) another
7. Your composition is too short. Write _________ page or two.
a) other b) another c) others d) the other
8. The manager wanted to see John and __________.
a) me b) I c) mine d) my
9. “Paul has a knife.”
“Don’t let him cut ___________”
a) himself b) itself c) him d) self
10. “Wantana can’t find her umbrella.”
“Is this red one___________?”
a) of her b) her’s c) hers d) her
11. “Is your new dress blue?” Yes, it’s ____________.
a) my b) my one c) of mine d) mine
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12. She lent her pen to _________ girl.
a) another b) the other c) the one d) others
13. Say what type _______ of them is.
a) all b) some c) each d) most
14. When I was in Phuket, I saw a good friend of _________.
a) they b) me c) her d) yours
15. Which girl is your daughter?”
“ _________ with a pony tail.”
a) The one b) One c) She d) Another
16. ____________of my sisters is a nurse.
a) Other b) Others c) One d) Ones
17. I prefer red roses to yellow ___________.
a) others b) one c) anothers d) ones
18. The twins look alike. It is difficult to tell one from __________.
a) the other b) other c) others d) one
19. My seat is next to __________of the chairman.
a) this b) that c) those d) one
20. Why did you do __________ to me?
a) one b) these c) this d) those
21. Which do you want to give me, this or ___________?
a) one b) another c) this d) that
22. I gave him some of my books in exchange for some of ____________.
a) his b) her c) them d) your
23. Peter shaves ___________every day.
a) him b) myself c) himself d) oneself
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24. She bought _________ a new dress.
a) herself b) myself c) himself d) itself
25. The two sisters love each ____________.
a) another b) one c) others d) other
26. The teacher was pleased because __________of her students failed the test.
a) all b) some c) most d) none
27. I have to go shopping because there’s _____________left in the refrigerator.
a) something b) nothing c) everything d) anything
28. Excuse me, Mr. Johns __________wants to see you now.
a) somebody b) nobody c) one d) none
29. He is very sad because he thinks that ___________ loves him.
a) somebody b) everybody c) nobody d) anybody
30. __________of the boys has a lot of toys.
a) All b) Most c) Some d) Each
31. The babies hurt ___________ when they fell.
a) itself b) themselves c) himself d) ourselves
32. __________ of us like Winai.
a) Each b) One c) All d) Every
33. __________ hopes that I will certainly come.
a) Everyone b) All c) Some d) Most of them
34. ___________ of the oranges I bought are sweet.
a) Each b) Every c) One d) Most
35. Anne didn’t tell ________ about her secret.
a) someone b) anyone c) no one d) none
36. Did you say ______________ to Mr. Jones about our plans?
a) any b) anything c) nothing d) all
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37. _____________ knows a thing about this except you and me.
a) No one b) Anyone c) Some d) Many
38. My mother bought two dresses for me, but I didn’t want ___________ of them.
a) all b) neither c) either d) some
39. Those two books are interesting. I want to buy ________ of them.
a) neither b) all c) some d) both
40. You can ask Somchai or Winai. I think ________ of them can help you.
a) either b) neither c) none d) all
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Indefinite Pronouns
หมายถึง สรรพนามที่ไมเฉพาะเจาะจง ใชกับกริยารูปเอกพจนเสมอ
A. everybody, everyone, everything
Everybody likes you.
Everyone is ready.
Tell me everything about it.
B. somebody, someone, something
There’s someone at the door.
Somebody gave me this old book.
There’s something on the floor.
C. Each
Each of the boys wants this toy.
He wants to speak to each of us.
D. anybody, anyone, anything
Does anyone know that man?
Would anybody like a drink?
Don’t you have anything for me to do?
I don’t like anything here.
I didn’t see anybody there.
E. nobody, no one, nothing
Nobody likes him.
I want nothing from you.
No one will come here tomorrow.
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F. either, neither, each, every
Either of these boys will help you.
Neither of these two girls is my sister.
Every car needs petrol.
Each student has a bag.
Take either half.
Neither book gives the correct answer.
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Exercise
A. Choose the best answer.
1. A: Why is Dara sad?
B: It’s because _______ likes her.
a) nothing b) everyone c) anything d) no one
2. A: Where are you going?
B: I’m going to the drugstore. Do you want me to buy _________ for you?
a) anybody b) anything c) nothing d) everything
3. A: Is there _________ to eat here?
B: No. You have to go to a restaurant.
a) nothing b) either c) anything d) neither
4. A: Which book do you want?
B: _________ of them. Both are good.
a) Either b) Neither c) Every d) Nothing
5. We are sorry. There’s _________ that we can do to help you.
a) something b) anything c) nothing d) no one
6. __________ room in this hotel has a private bathroom.
a) Every b) Either c) Neither d) No one
7. I am hungry. Give me ______________ to eat.
a) nothing b) something c) neither d) either
8. The teacher invited _________ student in his class to his birthday party.
a) every b) neither c) either d) each
9. A: Why was she angry with her two sisters?
B: __________ of them helped her with her homework.
a) Either b) No one c) Neither d) Each
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10. A: Why is Tom lucky?
B: His uncle loves him and buys ________ that he wants for him.
a) nothing b) everything c) something d) each
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B. Choose the best answer to fill in the banks. no one, anyone, everyone, nothing, everything,
anything, something, someone.
1. A: Is there anyone in Room 543?
B: No, there isn’t __________ in Room 543, but there’s ____________ in Room 544.
2. A: Is there ___________ I can buy for you in the town?
B: Yes, I want some writing paper.
3. A: Who can mend my watch?
B: I’m sorry. ___________ here can mend your watch.
4. A: What shall we do this evening?
B: There’s ___________ to do this evening. We have finished all our work.
5. A: Is there __________ here who wants to play tennis?
B: Yes, Jack wants to play tennis.
6. A: Did you buy anything here?
B: No, I didn’t like __________ here.
7. A: Carol will bring _______________for you to drink.
B: That’s good. I’m very thirsty.
8. A: Why do you always come to this shop?
B: It sells __________.
9. A: Who can take Sally to the airport?
B: There isn’t ___________ here who can take her there. __________ here has a car.
10. A: Who went to her birthday party last night?
B: ____________ did. She is a popular girl.
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C. Choose one of the following words to fill in the banks. Each, every, either, neither
1. A: Which of those two houses did Bill buy?
B: He bought ________________of them. They were too expensive.
2. A: Which of the two books will you choose?
B: I won’t choose ______________ of them. They are not interesting.
3. A: Why is Mr.Ross happy?
B: It’s because ______________ of his students has passed the test.
4. __________ student here has to wear a uniform.
5. A: We saw everything in the city.
B: Did you see ___________ museum?
A: Yes, we saw every one of them.
6. A: Can I invite Susan, or must I invite Kathy?
B: You can invite _________of them. Both of them are nice.
7. A: Do you prefer the blue car or the red one?
B: I prefer _____________of them. There are ugly.
8. ___________ girl in this class is studying hard.
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Relative Pronoun
คือ สรรพนามที่ใชเปนเสมือนตัวเชื่อม ไดแก who, whom, whose, which, what, where, when, why, that
Who (ผูซึ่ง) ใชแทนนามที่เปนบุคคล และบุคคลนั้นตองเปนผูกระทําดวยจึงจะใช who ไปเปนสรรพนาม เชน
He is the postman who brings a letter for us at home.
The boy who studies hard can pass the examination easily.
Whom (ผูซึ่ง) ใชแทนนามที่เปนบุคคล และเมื่อไปแทนแลว Whom อยูในฐานะเปนผูถูกกระทําตลอดไป เชน
This is the student whom his teacher punished.
The singer whom I saw at Chicago is Michael Jackson.
Whose (ผูซึ่ง…ของเขา) ใชแทนนามที่เปนบุคคล เพื่อแสดงความเปนเจาของของนามที่ตามหลัง และ ใหสังเกตไวดวยวา
หลัง whose ตองมีนามเสมอ เชน
John is the boy whose father died in the war.
The girl whose mother has gone to Japan is my cousin.
Which, that (ที่, ซึ่ง) ใชแทนนามที่เปนสัตว, สิ่งของ ทั้งในรูปที่เปนประธานและกรรมไดทั้งนั้น เชน
The animal which/that has wings is a bird.
That is the ticket which/that I bought for you.
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Exercise
A. In the following sentences, supply the missing relative pronouns as shown in this examples.
Example: The table that you refinished is standing in the study.
1. This essay, __________ is the best I can write, will surely be judged worthy of publication.
2. The story __________ I told you must not be reported.
3. Actresses __________ are good enough for the Broadway stage must surely be good enough
for regional theaters.
4. The antique of __________ you are so proud are worthless.
5. Plays __________ plots are obvious cannot hold the interest of an audience.
6. Horses __________ find their way home cannot be thought of as dumb animals.
7. My house, __________ is for sale, sits on a large plot.
8. The partners __________ signed the agreement lived to regret doing so.
9. Young men __________ you see in bars may not be spending their time wisely.
10. To __________ shall I address the letter?
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B. Choose the best answer.
1. This is the school ________ I used to study.
a) where b) which c) that d) there
2. This test is for students ________________ native language is not English.
a) that b) whose c) which d) of whom
3. We saw a new play at the theatre, ___________we had supper at a restaurant.
a) after which b) which after c) then which d) and that after
4. The student ___________ lost his bag is waiting in the office.
a) what b) whose c) who d) which
5. The house _________ they live needs repairing.
a) where b) which c) whose d) what
6. The supermarket ___________ I shop does not accept checks.
a) when b) which c) that d) where
7. This is the biggest shopping center ____________ I have ever seen.
a) where b) what c) that d) whom
8. This is the only road __________ takes us to Henry’s house.
a) where b) whose c) who d) which
9. I could not understand ____________ the speaker said.
a) that b) what c) which d) whose
10. I’m going to see my uncle ____________ is in hospital.
a) who b) whom c) whose d) that
11. I have read the book __________ you lent me.
a) whom b) who c) that d) whose
12. Children _________ eat a lot of candy often get bad teeth.
a) which b) what c) who d) whom
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13. The girl __________ pen you borrowed needs it.
a) what b) whose c) who d) which
14. Go and find the guests ___________ arrived here yesterday.
a) who b) whom c) which d) what
15. Look at the horses ____________ are drinking in the river.
a) whom b) who c) which d) what
16. The student ____________ father is sick does not come to school today.
a) who b) which c) what d) whose
17. I ate all the cake __________ you gave me.
a) what b) that c) when d) whom
18. My brother Tom, __________ hates fishing, will stay at home.
a) who b) whom c) that d) which
19. A man, ____________ name I have forgotten, came to see you yesterday.
a) whom b) which c) whose d) what
20. I put everything in my suitcase,_________ is under my bed.
a) what b) who c) that d) which
21. The teacher, ____________ every student is afraid of, is really very nice.
a) whose b) which c) that d) whom
22. She will go to visit her hometown, ___________ she always talks about.
a) that b) which c) whom d) where
23. This is the town ____________ I was born.
a) that b) which c) where d) when
24. I’m staying here with my eldest sister, ___________ you met last night.
a) whom b) who c) that d) which
25. The man___________ car was stolen was killed by the robbers.
a) who b) which c) what d) whose
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26. Do you know Stephen King ______________ is the author of this novel?
a) who b) whom c) which d) whose
27. John lent me his new car _____________ he bought only last month.
a) what b) when c) that d) whom
28. Some of the friends ___________ did not come.
a) I invited b) I invited them
c) whom I invited them d) which I invited
29. The movie _____________ was a good one.
a) which we saw last night b) what we saw last night
c) that we saw it last night d) which we saw it last night
30. The man ______________ told the police.
a) found it b) he found it c) who found it d) who found
31. The magazine ____________ is not in the library.
a) I need it b) which I need it c) I need d) that I need it
32. The woman ____________ was young and pretty.
a) I spoke to her b) whom I spoke to her
c) I spoke to d) that I spoke
33. The key ___________ has disappeared.
a) opens the office b) it opens the office
c) that opens the office by d) that opens the office
34. The boys ____________ are very good students.
a) that you met here b) that you met them there
c) whom you met them here d) whom you met here
35. I can’t remember ____________ John told me about the accident.
a) whose b) what c) which d) who
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Demonstrative
คําชนิดนี้ไดแก “this, that, these, those” มีหนาที่ 2 อยาง คือ
A. ใชขยายคํานาม เรียกวา “Determiner” อยูหนานาม
this และ that ใชขยายคํานามเอกพจน
these และ those ใชขยายคํานามพหูพจน
this girl these girls
this boy these boys
that student those students
that house those houses
หมายเหตุ this และ these ใชขยายคํานามซึ่งอยูใกลตัวผูพูด
that และ those ใชขยายคํานามซึ่งอยูไกลตัวผูพูด
B. ใชแบบคํานาม เรียกวา “Demonstrative Pronouns” ทําหนาที่เปนประธานและกรรม
ประธาน This is my car.
That is yours.
This is not good.
These are your shirts.
Those are mine.
กรรม I like this. I don’t like that.
I want these, but he wants those.
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ใชหลัง Verb to be
What is this? It’s a calculator.
What is that? It’s a photocopier.
What is these? They are rubies.
What are those? They are parrots.
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Exercise
A. จงดูวาคํา this, that, these, those ในประโยคตอไปนี้ เปน Pronoun (P) หรือ Determiner (D) เขียน P หรือ D
ไวที่ชองวาง ทายประโยค
1. This girl is pretty. ___________
2. That is Susan’s house. ___________
3. This is my father’s office. ___________
4. What is that boy doing? ___________
5. These are my books. ___________
6. What are those? ___________
7. Do you want to buy those roses? ___________
8. I don’t want to eat this. ___________
9. Those are good books. ___________
10. What is that? ___________
11. Is that man your friend? ___________
12. Are those your pens? ___________
13. These boys are diligent. ___________
14. Whose students are those girls? ___________
15. Do you want to drive that car? ___________
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B. จงเติม this, that, these, those ลงในประโยคตอไปนี้
1. This is my umbrella. Is ___________ yours?
2. This is my sister. _________ are Bill’s sisters.
3. _____________ are the old typewriters. Those are the new ones.
4. What is ___________ thing in the sky? Is it a flying saucer?
5. I don’t like these vases. I like ___________ on the shelf.
6. Which will you have, these or _____________?
7. Indeed, if it were not ___________, I would not have told you.
8. I sewed a few of ___________ before I went on to ___________.
9. Let ___________ stand at best effort.
10. He decided to sell me ___________ instead of these.
11. Picture ___________ standing in your living room.
12. When you consider famous thoroughbreds of all time, it is doubtful that Secretariat would be the
___________ comes to mind.
13. We ate a little of ___________ and a little of ___________.
14. We ate a few of ___________ and a few of ___________.
15. When conditions are ___________ that Eastern Airlines closes down shuttle flights to
Washington, you know that no other airlines will be flying either.
16. ___________ who are willing to stand for office must be willing to debate in public.
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Other Pronouns
สรรพนามอื่นๆ ที่ควรรูจัก ไดแก both, all, none, one, ones, another, other, others
A. Both ทําหนาที่เปนทั้งสรรพนามและคุณศัพท มีความหมายวา ทั้งสอง
สรรพนาม He has two sons. Both are taller than he is.
Both of those books are mine.
I want to buy both.
คุณศัพท Both banks of the river are covered with snow.
Both boys are naughty.
I want to mail both letters.
B. All ทําหนาที่เปนทั้งสรรพนามและคุณศัพท มีความหมายวา ทั้งหมด ใชกับนามที่นับไมไดและนับไดทั้งสองอยางสําหรับนาม
ที่นับไดตองมีรูปพหูพจน
สรรพนาม Is all of this money yours?
All of my brothers are good at sport.
All of us want to go.
คุณศัพท All six boys arrived late.
All oranges are not sweet.
He drank all the water that I gave him.
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C. None เปนสรรพนาม แปลวา ไมมีสักอัน, ไมมีใครเลย, ไมเลย ใชไดกับทั้งคํานามที่นับไดและนับไมได
1. A: Is there any beer in the refrigerator?
B: No, there’s none left.
2. A: Why were you angry with them?
B: None of them wanted to help me.
หมายเหตุ neither หมายถึงไมใชสิ่งหนึ่งสิ่งใดในจํานวนสอง สวน none หมายถึงไมมีสักสิ่งเดียวหรือคนเดียวในจํานวน
มากกวาสองขึ้นไป
D. One-Ones
1. One เปนสรรพนามที่ใชแทนคํานามเอกพจนที่กลาวถึงแลว
Ones เปนสรรพนามที่ใชแทนคํานามพหูพจนที่กลาวถึงมากอน
สวนใหญในกรณีนี้ one และ ones จะใชในประโยคเปรียบเทียบ หรือ ในประโยคที่เกี่ยวกับการเลือก
This chair is too low. I’ll sit in that one.
I don’t like this red car. I like that grey one.
I want these blue pens. I don’t want those red ones.
This one is better than that.
These ones are more beautiful than those.
Which one (ones) do you like best?
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2. One หมายถึง หนึ่ง, คนหนึ่ง, อันหนึ่ง ทําหนาที่เปนทั้งสรรพนาม และ คุณศัพท
สรรพนาม I want to borrow one of your books.
One of the students failed the test.
One of my friends came late.
คุณศัพท I bought one kilo of oranges.
This trip will take one month.
One night there was a terrible storm.
E. Another เปนทั้งสรรพนามและคุณศัพท แปลวา อีก
สรรพนาม One student wanted to see a play.
Another wanted to go to a concert.
I don’t like this hat. Please show me another.
คุณศัพท I want another cup of tea.
She will have another child next year.
Please give me another pen.
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F. Other เปนทั้งสรรพนามและคุณศัพท แปลวา อื่น, อื่น ๆ
สรรพนาม the other ใชกับ article “the” แปลวา อีกคนหนึ่ง, อีกอันหนึ่ง มีความหมายเปนเอกพจนมักจะใช
เมื่อรูจํานวนคน หรือสิ่งของแนนอน และมักใชคูกับ one
I have two sisters.
One is a teacher; the other is a nurse.
He has three bags.
One is black; another is blue. The other is brown.
คุณศัพท other ใชขยายนามทั้งที่เปนเอกพจนและพหูพจน
Where are the other boys?
The post office is on the other side of the street.
I know Wichai, but I don’t know your other sons.
G. Others-The others
Others เปนคําสรรพนาม มีความหมายวา คนอื่น ๆ, อันอื่น ๆ มักใชคูกับ some
Some students go to school by bus; others go by car.
Some are rich; others are poor.
Some people eat rice; others eat bread.
The others เปนคําสรรพนาม มีความหมายวา คนอื่น ๆ, อันอื่น ๆ ตางจาก others เพราะ the others มีความหมายเฉพาะ
เจาะจงกวา เชน
Some of my students are good at English; the others (the other students of mine) are
good at Maths.
There are twenty guests. Fifteen are here.
Where are the others(5 left)?
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Exercise
A. จงเลือกคํามาเติมในชองวางใหถูกตอง
1. These apples are mine; ______________ are yours.
a) others b) the others c) both d) another
2. Some students are lazy. ___________ students are diligent.
a) Others b) The other c) Other d) All
3. There is a hotel on Rose Street. And there’s __________ hotel on Queen Street.
a) other b) others c) none d) another
4. Some people drive carefully; ____________ drive dangerously.
a) others b) the others c) another d) all
5. Some of the students here are obedient; ___________ are disobedient.
a) others b) the others c) both d) another
6. Hendry has two cars. One is blue, and _________ is white.
a) other b) the other c) both d) one
7. I have three close friends, ____________is a doctor; another is a teacher, and _________ is an
engineer.
a) one – the other b) another – other c) one – none d) another – the other
8. Mary has two children. _________________are studying in my school.
a) all b) another c) others d) both
9. I wanted some string, but there was ___________ in the house.
a) one b) none c) all d) another
10. A: I have five tickets for the concert. How many of you want to go?
B: ____________ of us want to go.
a) All b) Both c) Others d) The others
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11. Ed: I have 300 baht. If you need money, take ___________ of it.
Bill: Thank you.
a) none b) one c) ones d) all
12. Don: You have 500 baht. Please lend me 100 baht.
John: I’m sorry. _____________ of this money is mine.
a) all b) other c) none d) one
13. Suda: Do you want a blue pen or a red one?
Ann: I want __________.
a) both b) all c) another d) others
14. Ben: Of all these three boys, which one do you like best?
Tom: I like___________. All of them are unkind to my dog.
a) all b) none c) others d) both
B. จงเติมคําตอไปนี้ลงในชองวางใหถูกตอง one, ones, both, all, none
1. A: Have you got a red pen?
B: Yes, I’ve got _____________.
2. A: How much are these oranges?
B: Ten baht a kilo.
A: I want two kilos. Give me big juicy _____________.
3. A: Can they all speak English?
B: Yes. ___________ of them can.
4. A: Do your two brothers drink whisky?
B: Yes. ___________ of them do.
5. A: Did the four women sing?
B: No, _________of them did.
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6. A: Which of these notebooks do you want?
B: I want this yellow ___________.
7. A: Will Kanya and Wilai stay for tea?
B: Yes. ___________ of them will.
8. A: Can your three sons drive?
B: Yes. ____________ of them can.
9. A: Do those four men smoke?
B: No, ________________ of them do.
10. A: Can I have some more orange juice?
B: I’m sorry. There’s _____________ left.
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Unit 3 Articles
เปนคําที่ใชนําหนาคํานาม แบงเปน 2 ชนิด คือ
1. Indefinite Article
ไดแก a, an ใชนําหนาคํานามนับไดเอกพจน เพื่อแสดงจํานวน หรือทําใหคํานามนั้นมีความหมายทั่วไป ไมชี้เฉพาะ
เจาะจง
A ใชกับคํานามนับไดเอกพจน ซึ่งขึ้นตนดวยพยัญชนะ หรือคํานามนับไดเอกพจนที่ขึ้นตนดวย สระ แตออกเสียงเหมือน
พยัญชนะ เชน
a mouse a school a book
a university a uniform a union
นอกจากนี้ a ยังใชในสํานวนเกี่ยวกับการเจ็บปวย ความถี่
to have a cold Twice a week
a headache
a fever
Once a week
An ใชกับคํานามนับไดเอกพจนซึ่งขึ้นตนดวยสระ หรือคํานามนับไดเอกพจนที่ขึ้นตนดวย พยัญชนะ “h” แตออก
เสียงเหมือนสระ เชน
An elephant An hour
An umbrella An apple
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Exercise
A. Make these sentences singular, using the Indefinite Article.
1. Coats have collars.
_____________________________________.
2. Nouns are words.
_____________________________________.
3. Houses have roofs.
_____________________________________.
4. Horses are animals.
_____________________________________.
5. Balls are toys.
_____________________________________.
6. Bullocks are useful animals.
_____________________________________.
7. Boots are kinds of shoes.
_____________________________________.
8. Watches are small clocks.
_____________________________________.
9. Farmers use ploughs.
_____________________________________.
10. Roses are beautiful flowers.
_____________________________________.
11. Frenchmen are Europeans.
_____________________________________.
12. Girls wear dresses.
_____________________________________.
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13. Postmen wear caps.
_____________________________________.
14. Oranges are good to eat.
_____________________________________.
1. Classrooms have blackboards.
_____________________________________.
2. Dogs are good friends to men.
_____________________________________.
17. Children are not always good.
_____________________________________.
18. There are always tables and chairs in dining - rooms.
_____________________________________.
19. Long sentences are hard for beginners.
_____________________________________.
20. Hungry boys eat large dinners.
_____________________________________.
21. Ants are insects.
_____________________________________.
22. Soldiers are brave men.
_____________________________________.
23. Pounds buy more than shillings.
_____________________________________.
24. Cities are big towns.
_____________________________________.
25. Schools are large buildings.
_____________________________________.
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B. Add “a” or “an” where necessary.
1. __________ cow eats __________ grass in __________ summer.
2. I like __________ jam on __________ piece of __________ bread.
1. I can write __________ letter in __________ ink or with __________ pencil.
4. __________ milk comes from __________ cow.
5. __________ cat has __________ tail.
2. __________ cat eats __________ meat.
7. __________ ring is made of __________ gold or silver.
8. We make __________ butter and __________ cheese from __________ milk.
3. __________ cigarette is made of __________ tobacco and __________ paper.
10. __________ child must have __________ food.
11. __________ sugar is nice in __________ cup of tea.
12. We eat __________ soup with __________ spoon.
13. __________ knife is made of __________ metal.
14. __________ window is made of __________ glass.
15. __________ handkerchief is made of __________ piece of cloth.
16. __________ grass always grows in __________English field.
17. __________ chair is made of __________ wood.
18. __________ coffee is __________ drink.
19. __________ coat is made of __________ wool.
20. __________ fish swims in __________ water.
21. We can write __________ letter on __________ paper.
22. __________ piano makes __________ music.
23. __________ iron is metal.
24. __________bread is made from __________ flour, and __________flour is made from
wheat.
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25. __________ orange grows on __________ tree.
1. Definite Article
ไดแก the ใชนําหนาคํานามที่เฉพาะเจาะจง
Could I see the book about England?
Please give me the grapes on the table.
I have an orange and some apples. Who wants the orange?
คํานามที่ถูกกลาวถึงเปนครั้งที่สอง จะใช the นอกจากนี้ the ยังใชกับคําที่แสดงขั้นสูงสุดในการเปรียบเทียบ หรือคําที่
แสดงลําดับที่
the best the first
the lowest the second
the most the third
หรือ the ใชกับคํานามที่มีอยูเพียงสิ่งเดียวในโลก
the world the north
the sun the east
the earth the south
the moon the west
“the” ใชกับชื่อประเทศที่มีคําวา “union, united, republic, kingdom” เชน
the Republic of Panama
the Soviet Union
the United States of America
the Kingdom of Thailand
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the ใชกับเครื่องดนตรี
play the piano (the violin)
the ใชกับคํานามชื่อเฉพาะตาง ๆ พวกมหาสมุทร ชองแคบ คลอง เทือกเขา เชน
the Atlantic Ocean
the Black Forest
the Red sea
the Suez Canal
the Rocky Mountains
the Sahara Desert
the Himalayas
the ใชในสํานวนเกี่ยวกับเวลา และสถานที่ เชน
in the morning
the day before yesterday
in the bedroom
on the beach
down the stairs
the ใชกับสถานที่ หรืออนุสาวรียที่รูจักอยางดี
the Taj Mahal
the Empire State Building
the White House
the ใชกับโรงแรม, โรงหนัง
the Hilton (Hotel)
the Ambassador (Hotel)
the Fox (Theater)
the Playhouse (Theater)
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หมายเหตุ
1. สําหรับคํานามชื่อเฉพาะบางอยางไมใช the เชน ชื่อสวนสาธารณะ ชื่อถนน ชื่อทวีป เปนตน เชน
Central Park Asia
Hyde Park Europe
Fifth Avenue America
2. ในสํานวนบางอยางจะไมใช the หรือ article อื่น ๆ เลย เชน
go to bed, church, work
go by bus, car, train
be at home, school, work
play football, tennis, cards
to have breakfast, lunch, dinner
Exercise
A. Fill in the articles where needed.
1. ________ poor man we met yesterday had ________ little food.
2. I had ________ lunch with ________ old friend of mine near ________Lumpini Park
yesterday.
3. ________ chair which you are sitting on is not comfortable.
4. ________ fire which destroyed ________ building started from Dang’s room.
5. I bought ________ new hat yesterday. They said that it was ________ new style from
________ United States.
6. We had ________ dinner together at ________ good restaurant yesterday.
7. ________ Chao Praya is ________ best known river in Thailand.
8. We all had ________ good time at ________ dance last night.
9. Please open ________ windows because air in this room is not good.
10. ________ horse is ________ useful animal.
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11. He painted ________ front door of his house with ________ green paint.
12. Put your bag in ________ back of ________ car.
1. ________ Indian tigers are ________ fierce animals.
2. ________cat caught ________ mouse yesterday but ________ lucky mouse escaped.
15. Which is ________ quickest way to ________ Royal Hotel?
16. Would you like ________ cup of tea and ________ cake?
3. ________ cheese and ________ butter are substances.
18. ________Alps are ________ highest mountains in ________Europe.
19. Take ________ chair and make yourself at ________ home; I shall be back in ________
minute.
4. He went to ________ bed with ________ bad cold.
B. Add “a”, “an”, “some” or “the” where necessary.
1. ________ children love ________ fruit.
2. It is pleasant to read ________ book in ________ afternoon.
3. ________ books are interesting for ________ child.
4. There is ________ garden behind ________ house.
5. I have ________ pen and ________ pencil.
6. ________ tea is very hot. I must put ________ milk in it.
7. ________ postman has just put ________ letter under ________ door.
8. You must give him ________ food and ________ cup of coffee.
9. ________ door of ________ garage is broken.
10. There are ________ beautiful flowers in ________ park.
11. I want ________ glass of ________ milk.
12. ________ student at back of ________ class is reading ________ newspaper.
13. It is not good to smoke ________ cigarette before ________ meal.
14. ________ page of ________ book is torn.
15. There is ________ fly in ________ lemonade.
16. ________ luggage is on ________ platform.
17. ________ butcher opposite ________ library always sells ________ good meat.
18. ________ cat may look at ________ king.
19. ________ donkeys are ________ stupid animals.
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20. Put ________ butter on ________ potatoes.
21. I am fond of ________ apples with _______ cheese.
22. He always smokes ________ cigarette with ________ cup of ________ coffee.
1. Take________ umbrella with you to ________ office, it may rain.
2. ________ car is ready now.
25. I want ________ tin of ________ peaches, ________ sugar, and ________ pound of
________ raspberry jam.
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Exercise Unit3 Articles
Choose the most appropriate alternative.
1. She will be here in ___________ hour.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
2. He likes __________ chess but I like __________ basketball.
a) a-a b) an-an
c) the-the d) no article needed
1. __________ elephant never forgets.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
4. Have you got ___________ New York Times?
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
5. Do you want __________ tea?
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
6. This semester I’m going to study __________life of Beethoven.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
7. Jack wants to learn ___________ guitar.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
8. How did you like __________ film?
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
9. Jack was elected ___________ President for the second time.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
10. He has got ___________ strange look in his eye.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
11. A: What would you like to order?
B: Let me see ___________ menu first.
a) a b) some c) the d) an
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12. She lives in ______________ United States now.
a) the b) a c) an d) no article needed
1. Paul likes ___________.
a) music and pretty girls b) a music and pretty girls
c) a music and a pretty girl d) music and pretty girl
2. Is ___________ Mt. Everest __________ highest peak of ______________ Himalayas?
a) the – the – the b) a – the – no article needed
c) no article needed – the – the d) no article needed – a - the
2. We’re going to ______________ work now.
a) a b) the c) no article needed d) some
2. I like John. He is ___________ honest man.
a) a b) the c) an d) no article needed
2. _________________ Englishman we met at the conference was married.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
3. Have you ever been to ____________ Soviet Union?
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
3. ___________ always unwelcome.
a) The bad news is b) A bad news is c) The bad news are d) Bad news is
3. We stopped for ________ breakfast at a restaurant nearby.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
3. I want to take _________ walk.
a) no article needed b) the c) some d) a
3. One of ___________ elephants ran away from the zoo.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
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23. “Raiders of the Lost Ark” is ______________ exciting film.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
24. The boys will be here in ___________ few hours.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
4. Many tourists come to _________ Bangkok for their holidays.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
5. My father is _____________ kind and honest man.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
27. ____________ Republic of Singapore is well known for her cleanliness.
a) no article needed b) The c) An d) A
28. I am going on ____________ European holiday next month.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
29. The hens have laid half ____________ dozen eggs this morning.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
30. Jane’s house is only_____________ hour’s drive.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
31. The government will build ____________ university here.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
32. Mount Everest is ____________ highest mountain in the world.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
33. ___________ Chinese are hard-working people.
a) no article needed b) The c) Every d) A
34. _____________ book on that shelf is not the one I want.
a) no article needed b) The c) An d) A
35. John is __________ best runner in the school.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
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36. ___________ dogs are bigger than mice.
a) no article needed b) The c) Every d) A
5. He swam across ___________ Chao Praya River.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
5. ___________ swimming is a good exercise.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
5. The earth goes around ___________ sun.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
5. Winai and Weera will travel in __________ Europe next year.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article needed
6. I came here by ________ car.
a) the b) a c) an d) no article needed
6. __________ doctor whose clinic is next door attends his patients twice __________ day.
a) a–a b) the–no article needed
c) a–the d) the–a
6. Jane is __________ English teacher in ____________ Art Faculty.
a) no article needed–a b) the–an
c) a–no article needed d) an-the
6. __________ Erawan Hotel is one of ___________ famous hotels in Bangkok.
a) the – the b) a – the
c) the – no article needed d) no article needed – the
6. Bangkok is _________ in Thailand.
a) a large city b) the largest city c) a largest city d) large city
6. Please write out the answer at the end of _________________.
a) first chapter b) chapter one c) chapter first d) the chapter first
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47. __________ rich are often unhappier than the poor.
a) no article needed b) the c) Every d) a
48. ___________ honest is a good quality.
a) no article needed b) The c) An d) A
7. ____________ egg for breakfast is good for you.
a) Some b) The c) An d) A
50. I’ll meet you on _________ Phaya Thai Road.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
51. This is __________ last show.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
52. English is _________ difficult language.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
53. He is collecting money for ____________ blind.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
54. What ___________ lovely dress!
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
55. _____________ statistics is the most difficult subject for me.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
56. All right, ___________ mother, I’ll do what you say.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
57. I have ____________ friend who is ___________ interior designer.
a) a-a b) the-an c) the-the d) no article needed
58. Peter spoke to me in ____________ very friendly way.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
59. ____________ soup tastes wonderful.
a) no article needed b) The c) an d) A
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60. Don’t talk so loud. You’ll wake___________ whole street.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
7. We get up early to catch __________ early bus.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
8. Jack is ___________ English teacher.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
8. Mary is from ___________ Union of Africa.
a) no article needed b) the c) an d) a
9. Have you finished ______________?
a) the chapter second b) chapter second c) second chapter d) the second chapter
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Unit 4 Adjectives (คําคุณศัพท)
Adjectives
เปนคําที่ใชขยายคํานาม เพื่อบอกรายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับนามตัวนั้น เชน a beautiful girl, a useful book
The thin man can run very quickly. (เรียงไวหนานาม)
The soup smells good. (ตามหลัง verb to be, look, feel, seem, get, taste, smell, turn, go,
appear, keep, become, sound, grow, etc. โดยทําหนาที่ขยายประธาน แตวางไวหลังกริยา)
He made his wife happy. (ตามหลังคํานามที่เปนกรรม เพื่อขยายกรรม)
I have known the manager suitable for his position. (เปน Adjective Clause ขยายนาม)
คํา Adjectives สังเกตไดจากคําลงทาย ดังตอไปนี้
0. –ABLE acceptable, admirable, lovable, reliable, washable
0. –AN African, Brazilian, Asian, Russian
0. –AL historical, continual, economical, national
0. –ED blue-eyed, long-haired, open-minded, left-handed
1. –FUL careful, beautiful, wonderful
1. –IBLE possible, visible, horrible
1. –IC historic, economic, electric
1. –ISH foolish, childish, Spanish, youngish
1. –IVE destructive, attentive, attractive
1. –LESS careless, hopeless, useless
1. –LIKE childlike, godlike, businesslike
1. –LY friendly, lively, daily, yearly
1. –OUS previous, serious, continuous
1. –Y thirsty, lucky, hungry
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หมายเหตุ participles ซึ่งลงทายดวย ED/ING สามารถใชเปน adjective แตความหมายจะตางกัน
เชน exciting (นาตื่นเตน) excited (รูสึกตื่นเตน)
interesting (นาสนใจ) interested (รูสึกสนใจ)
boring (นาเบื่อ) bored (รูสึกเบื่อ)
ประเภทของคํา Adjective
0. Descriptive Adjective ใชบอกลักษณะ หรือคุณภาพ เพื่อใหรูวานามนั้นมีลักษณะอยางไร
good bad tall short
black white fat thin
clever foolish poor rich
brave cowardly pretty ugly
happy sorry
The rich man lives in the big house.
A clever pupil can answer the difficult problem.
The black cat caught a small bird.
0. Proper Adjective ใชบอก สัญชาติ
English American Thai Indian
German Italian Japanese Chinese
He employs a Chinese cook.
Do you learn the French literature?
The English language is used by every nation.
