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Web Accessibility
How Blind People Read the Internet?
                  See

           Screen reader
Let’s begin with a game
What can we do?
Principle
•   Perceivable (可感知性).
•   Operable .
•   Understandable.
•   Compatible
Semantics
div – division         p – paragraph
ul – unordered list    ol – ordered list
dl – definition list   dd – define describe
                       dt – define item
h1 – header level 1
tr – table row td – table data cell
tabindex
• 当使用键盘时,tabindex是个关键因素,它用来定位html元素.
• tabindex有三个值:0 ,-1, 以及X(X里32767是界点,稍后说明)
• 原本在Html中,默认只有链接a和表单元素可以被键盘访问(即使是a
  也必须加上href属性才可以)。但是aria允许tabindex指定给任何html元
  素
• 当tabindex=0时,该元素可以用tab键获取焦点,且访问的顺序是按照
  元素在文档中的顺序来focus,即使采用了浮动改变了页面中显示的顺
  序,依然是按照html文档中的顺序来定位。
• 当tabindex=-1时,该元素用tab键获取不到焦点。
• 当tabindex>=1时,该元素可以用tab键获取焦点,而且优先级大于
  tabindex=0;不过在tabindex>=1时,数字越小,越先定位到。
   – 在IE中,tabindex范围在1到32767之间(包括32767)。
   – 在FF, Chrome无限制,不过一旦超出32768,顺序跟tabindex=0时
      一样。
design
accesskey
• 台湾行政院研考会将这种方法写入了无障碍网站规范中,
  定位点又称为导盲砖,独创性的使用三个冒号(:::)来表
 示,主要用来帮助用户快速定位和搜索,代码如下:

 <a accesskey="U" href="#" title="顶部区域"> ::: </a>
 <a accesskey="L" href="#" title="左侧区域"> ::: </a>
 <a accesskey="C" href="#" title="中间区域"> ::: </a>
 <a accesskey="R" href="#" title="右侧区域"> ::: </a>
 <a accesskey="B" href="#" title="底部区域"> ::: </a>
WAI-ARIA
• Web Accessibility Initiative‘s Accessible Rich
  Internet Applications Suite
• role
   – banner、slider、contentinfo、form、main、
     navigation、search
   – menu、menuitem、button、radio
• Status
   – aria-checked、aria-haspopup
   – aria-label、aria-labelledby
• Opera 9.5 +, Firefox 1.5 +, IE8+
打个例子
•   ebay君
•   首页君
•   天猫君            大家好,我又来了

•   一淘君
根据中国残疾人联合会权威发布的数据,我国现有8300万
残疾人,占全国人口总数的6.34%,其中视力障碍的比例
是14.86%、听力和语言残疾的比例是25.69%%、肢体
残疾比例是的29.07%。
据不完全统计及估算,淘宝网3.7亿(2011年)注册会员
中,残疾人会员的数量超过1000万,他们在淘宝上购物、
开店,在获得购物便利的同时还实现了在淘宝上创业、就
业,在获得经济收入的同时收获了自尊、自信和自我实现。
我们比想象中更有力量
加油诸君
• 淘宝无障碍实验室
• 前端无障碍wiki。
• 开发检测工具TBAT

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