1. Introduction to the Creative
Thinking

5. Main figures
Number of articles with the key word "Creativity" - ISI data base
2000
1800
1600
1426 1400
1222 1200
994 1000
800
731 720 708 713
609 572 602 600
483 502
440 400
287
200
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

6. Summary
 Definition
 Not easy to be creative
 Tools list and classification
 Games

7. Definition…s
How do you define creativity ?
?

8. Definition…s
“Creativity is the capacity to
“Creativity is the capacity to “…either aa
“…either
achieve aaproduction that is
achieve production that is process, or aa
process, or
both new and adapted to the
both new and adapted to the product, or aakind
product, or kind
context in which ititoccurs.
context in which occurs. of personality
of personality
(Amabile, Lubart, Mac Kinnon,
(Amabile, Lubart, Mac Kinnon, (Torrance) ””
(Torrance)
Osche & Sternberg) ””
Osche & Sternberg) “Creativity is the capacity to
“Creativity is the capacity to
combine elements, to form
combine elements, to form
new combinations that have aa
new combinations that have
scientific, esthetic, social and
scientific, esthetic, social and
technical value. (Mednick,
technical value. (Mednick,
““Being creative
Being creative ““Creativity is the result of
Creativity is the result of
1962)”
1962)”
means being able,
means being able, the interaction of
the interaction of
freely and easily, to
freely and easily, to knowledge, intelligence,
knowledge, intelligence,
see the world
see the world experience, interest and
experience, interest and
“Creativity
“Creativity
differently. (De
differently. (De enthusiasm (Walters,
enthusiasm (Walters,
itself must be
itself must be
Brabandere, Alan Iny,
Brabandere, Alan Iny, 1965) ””
1965)
self-
self-
2010) ””
2010) discovered
discovered
and self- “Creative thinking is the
“Creative thinking is the
and self-
disciplined process of sensing
process of sensing
disciplined
(Torrance)” difficulties, problems, gaps
difficulties, problems, gaps
(Torrance)”
“Creativity is
“Creativity is in information, missing
in information, missing
““Ability to change
Ability to change defined as the elements, something askew;
elements, something askew;
defined as the
viewpoint. Doubt to
viewpoint. Doubt to generation of making guesses and
making guesses and
generation of
think better, think to
think better, think to new, original and formulating hypotheses
formulating hypotheses
new, original and
change better , ,change
change better change useful ideas, about these deficiencies […]
about these deficiencies […]
useful ideas,
to innovate better , ,
to innovate better (Amabile, 1983)” (Torrance)”
(Torrance)”
(Amabile, 1983)”
innovate to last. (De
innovate to last. (De
Brabandère, 2007) ””
Brabandère, 2007)
Andrei G. Aleinikov, Sharon Kackmeister et Ron Koenig,
Creating Creativity: 101 Definitions (What Webster Never
Told You, Alden B. Dow Creativity Center, 2000)

9. Definition…s
AN ABILITY : :
AN ABILITY A RESULT ::
A RESULT
--new, original and useful ideas
new, original and useful ideas
--see the world differently
see the world differently --adapted to the context
adapted to the context
--change viewpoint. Doubt to think better --
change viewpoint. Doubt to think better --have aascientific, esthetic,
have scientific, esthetic,
sensing difficulties, gaps in information,
sensing difficulties, gaps in information, social and technical value
social and technical value
missing elements,
missing elements,
--making guesses and formulating hypotheses
making guesses and formulating hypotheses
A PROCESS (individual, collective) : :
A PROCESS (individual, collective)
--combine elements, form new combinations
combine elements, form new combinations
--self-discovered and self-disciplined
self-discovered and self-disciplined
--interaction of knowledge, intelligence,
interaction of knowledge, intelligence,
experience, interest and enthusiasm
experience, interest and enthusiasm

10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vngSpW6fmeo&NR=1

11. Creativity vs Innovation ????
“Three Phases of a Simplified Innovation Process”, Hamburg University of Technology

12. Creativity vs Innovation ????
“The succes
“The succes
“The role of creativity is
“The role of creativity is of products or
of products or
“Creativity is
“Creativity is to fertilize the innovation
to fertilize the innovation services’
services’
aapre-
pre- process by intermittent innovation
innovation
process by intermittent "Creativity isis the
requisite for
requisite for presence but decisive. depends on "Creativity the
presence but decisive. depends on process of idea
process of idea
innovation”
innovation” Creativity is aaphase
Creativity is phase the creativity.”
the creativity.” generation. This is the
generation. This is the
(Tang, 1998).
(Tang, 1998). among others, as aa
among others, as Cook, 1988)
Cook, 1988) inspiration that allows
inspiration that allows
“Individual and
“Individual and series of bright spots on
series of bright spots on us to create new
us to create new
“Innovation may be a process to
“Innovation may be a process to
group’s
group’s
creativity
creativity
serves as
serves as
the line of
the line of
innovation.”(Guy Aznar,
innovation.”(Guy Aznar,
2006)
“Creativity isis a
“Creativity a
process based on
process based on
solutions. For its part,
solutions. For its part,
innovation is the ability
innovation is the ability
to convert these ideas
2006) individual
individual to convert these ideas
change reality. On the other hand,
change reality. On the other hand,
primary source
primary source
of innovation”
of innovation”
organizational
organizational
skills which play an
skills which play an
into something
into something
applicable, gives them
applicable, gives them
meaning and value in aa
(Amabile, 1988
(Amabile, 1988 important role in meaning and value in
creativity seems to be a process to
important role in
creativity seems to be a process to
- - 1997)
1997) the value of
the value of
innovation.”(Cumm
innovation.”(Cumm
context.”(Crea Business
context.”(Crea Business
Idea)
Idea)
ongs, 1965)
change perception of reality”(De
ongs, 1965)
change perception of reality”(De
Brabandere, Alan Iny, 2010)
Brabandere, Alan Iny, 2010)

13. Lets move our brains…
Test 1 : 9 dots

14. Summary
 Definition
 Not easy to be creative
 Tools list and classification
 Games

15. Not easy to be creative
Self-organizing system
The brain is not designed to be creative
Organization in patterns, channel, sequences
Assembly of neurons, neuronal impregnation
Trace memory, repetition
Spontaneous activity, auto-pilot
Mental representation
To manage the world complexity
Reduced and simplified model of the world

16. Not easy to be creative
Question :: How many
Question How many
colors are in the
colors are in the
rainbow ?
rainbow ?

17. Perception

18. Not easy to be creative
Test - error :
Good idea on the first try
Fear to propose ridiculous ideas.
Critical thinking – Dialectic
Occidental sequence = Attack, criticism.
Asian sequence = Other solutions, comparison.

19. Not easy to be creative
How to product new idea ?
Forget the trace memory, Disrupt circuit boards
Forget the beliefs
Confuse the issue
Do new connections
Explore new cognitive way.

20. Summary
 Definition
 Not easy to be creative
 Tools list and classification
 Games

21. Tools list and classification
BRAINWRITTING NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE MIND MAPPING
CHECK-LIST (OF QUESTIONS) LOTUS BLOSSOM FUTURE SCENARIOS
SCAMPER FORCE FIT GAME CONCEPT FAN
PNI EXCURSION TECHNIQUE PATTERN LANGUAGE
ANALOGIES FORCED CONNECTIONS GALLERY METHOD
FUTURE PRETEND YEAR THE FCB GRID PIN CARDS
TRIZ SYNECTICS FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS
DELPHI SIX THINKING HATS WISHFUL THINKING
4X4X4 RAMDOM INPUT RICH PICTURES
MÉTHODE 635 BRAINSTORMING OBJECT STIMULATION
SOCRATIQUE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SUPERHERO OR THE
PROBLEM REVERSAL NAPOLEON TECHNIQUE
CSP
ATTRIBUTE LISTING COLLECTIVE NOTEBOOK
EXQUISITE CORPSE
PROVOCATION C-K THEORY
FISHBONE DIAGRAM
METAPHORICAL THINKING ASIT, SIT, USIT
STORY BOARDING
BIONIQUE CRAWFORD SLIP METHOD
ASK QUESTIONS
British Office MYCOTED presents on its website more than 160 methods.

22. Tools list and classification
BRAINSTORMING MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE ATTRIBUTE LISTING FUTURE SCENARIOS
FORCED CONNECTIONS STORY BOARDING
BRAINWRITTING RICH PICTURES
FORCE FIT GAME TRIZ WISHFUL THINKING
MÉTHODE 635 ASIT, SIT, USIT
COLLECTIVE NOTEBOOK PATTERN LANGUAGE
CRAWFORD SLIP METHOD C-K THEORY
FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS
CPS PROVOCATION
CONCEPT FAN ANALOGIES
LOTUS BLOSSOM PNI OBJECT STIMULATION
SIX THINKING HATS
CHECK-LIST (OF QUESTIONS) PROBLEM REVERSAL METAPHORICAL THINKING
ASK QUESTIONS RAMDOM INPUT SYNECTICS
SCAMPER BIONIQUE
FISHBONE DIAGRAM SOCRATIQUE
EXQUISITE CORPSE
DELPHI MIND MAPPING SUPERHERO OR THE
NAPOLEON TECHNIQUE
EXCURSION TECHNIQUE
THE FCB GRID

23. Tools list and classification
Source – Results obtained
from the inquiry
EPFL - Swiss Federal Institute
of Technology. June 2003

24. Tools list and classification
Mac Fadzean Continuum

25. Nike Flywire (92 g)

26. Exemple : Inversion, provocation
Comme la rivière se jette dans le lac Michigan, les eaux usées se déversent dans la source d'eau potable de Chicago. Cette
situation entraîne de nombreux problèmes de santé publique, notamment des épidémies de typhoïde et de choléra.
En 1871, on détourne une grande partie du cours de la rivière vers le canal Illinois et Michigan.
En 1900, le Sanitary District of Chicago (autorités sanitaires de Chicago), dirigé par Rudolph Hering, inverse le cours de la rivière au
moyen d'une série d'écluses. Désormais, les eaux s'écoulent dans le nouveau canal Chicago Sanitary and Ship.

28. 1st game
Our company =
The context =
« Nokia avait prévenu que les résultats financiers du deuxième trimestre 2012 seraient
mitigés, avec plus de 1 milliard d'euros de perte nette. Durant le trimestre, le fabricant
a écoulé 4 millions de smartphones Lumia sous Windows Phone.
Le bilan financier de Nokia au deuxième trimestre 2012 est comme prévu dans la continuité des
contre-performances des trimestres précédents et le fabricant est toujours loin de remonter la pente.
Il affiche un chiffre d'affaires global de 7,5 milliards d'euros, en recul de 19% par rapport à l'an
dernier mais tout de même en très légère progression par rapport au trimestre précédent.
Il affiche une perte opérationnelle ajustée de 327 millions d'euros, contre un gain de 391 millions
d'euros à la même période l'an dernier. La perte nette s'établit à 1,4 milliard d"euros au deuxième
trimestre. Il y a tout de même un point positif du côté des réserves de cash qui s'établissent à 4,2
milliards d'euros, au-dessus des attentes des analystes. »

29. 1st game
Our challenge=
Le patron de Nokia en accord avec son conseil d’administration décide
une augmentation de capital pour contrecarrer les pertes et pour investir
42 millions d'euros dans un projet d’envergure de R&D pour imaginer le
téléphone mobile du futur.
Votre équipe est chargée d’imaginer le téléphone du futur.

30. Teams x 5 people
1 animator per team

31. 1st game
Cette technique (conçue par Fritz Zwicky) consiste à définir les
composantes d'un produit, d'un système, d'un service ou d'un projet
et à identifier pour chacun d'eux un certain nombre de variantes et de
synonymes pouvant conduire à de nouveaux concepts ou solutions.
L’analyse des caractéristiques d’un objet porte généralement sur
les composantes suivantes : fonction, forme, texture, couleur, goût,
senteur, espace, temps, substance, structure.
Fonctions Composantes
Fonction 1 Fonction 2 Fonction 3 C1 C2 C3

32. Example : new lamp

33. Etapes :
1. Lister toutes les fonctions* et composantes. (3 fonctions max, 7
composantes max),
2, trouver des variantes pour chaque élément. (10 max),
3. Chaque personne qui groupe propose une solution globale en
reliant les différents composantes choisies.
4. Consensus autour d’une solution.
5. Représentation de la solution (dessin).
* La fonction «téléphoner » est considérée comme acquise.

34. Les résultats

35. Optical
sensors

36. Transparent
phone

37. Bracelet +
projection

38. bracelet
3G LTE GMT

39. Phone imbrication

40. Keyboard projection

41. Flexible screen

43. References
Aznar G, 2006, “Préciser le sens du mot “créativité””. http://www.creativite-conseils.com
Brooke D. M.. , 2010, “Creativity & Innovation in Business 2010 Teaching the Application of Design Thinking to Business”, Collaborative
Innovation Networks Conference, Procedia social and Behoavioral Sciences 2 (2010) 6532-6538.
Crea Business Idea “Manuel de créativité en entreprise”. creativite@gers.cci.fr
De Bono E, 2004, La boite à outils de la créativité, Ed. d'Organisation, Paris, 452 pages.
De Brabandere, A. Iny , 2010,“Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes”, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 77 (2010) 1506-1512.
Durand R, 2006, “Créativité organisationnelle”, Revue Française de Gestion, 2006/2 – no 161, 91-64.
EPFL, 2003. “Analysis of creativity methods”, EPFL - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. June 2003
Guilford J. P, 1968, "Intelligence, Creativity and their Educational implications “, San Diego: Robert R. Knapp.
Finke R.A., Ward T.B. and Smith S.M., “Creative Cognition : Theory, Research and Applications”. Published by Bradford, the MIT Press, Paper
1996.
Mitchell, W., & Kowalik, T., 1989, Creative problem solving workbook. SUNY-Binghamton Press.
Matimore B. “Ideation Techniques”, College of Engineering , Marquette University
Mnisri k. 2007, “La créativité appliquée à l’organisation: apports et les limites, proposition d’un cadre d’analyse”, 5ème congrès International de
l’Académie de l’Entrepreneuriat.
Montuori Alfonso, 2003, “Frnak Barron : A creator on Creating”, Journal of humanistic Psychology 2003;43;7.
Ozkan I., 2010, “A path to critical thinking”. Science Direct, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 3 (2010) 210-212.
Shaughnessy M.F., 1998 “An Interview with E. Paul Torrance: About Creativity”, Education Psychology Review, Vol. 10, No. 4.
Wenger W, 2007, “La méthode socratique: l’une des grandes idées du XXIe siècle”. http://www.winwenger.com/socmetfrench.pdf
http://creatingminds.org/tools/tools.htm (classement d’outils de créativité).

44. Sabina Klimentova
sabina.klimentova@tudor.lu