1. CBEB 2105 BUSINESS
RESEARCH
FINAL GROUP ASSIGNMENT

2. QUESTION 1
Perform frequency distribution
with chart for the following
variables and discuss the results
a)Sex
b)Readership of newspaper
c) Race
d) Credit card

3. a)Sex
Missing data = 4
Female = 46.4%
Male = 52.8%

4. b)Readership of newspaper

6. c) Race d) Credit
card

7. Run
mean, median, mode, range,stan
dard
deviation, variances, skewness
and kurtosis for age &
TOTSATL, Discuss the result.
QUESTION 2

8. Statistics
Your age TOTSATL
N
Valid 500 500
Missing 0 0
Mean 26.32 4.2188
Median 25.00 4.2361
Mode 25 4.70
Std. Deviation 7.038 .65418
Variance 49.532 .428
Skewness 1.160 -.464
Std. Error of
Skewness
.109 .109
Kurtosis 3.665 .062
Std. Error of Kurtosis .218 .218
Range 55 3.91
Mean > Median >
Mode
Positive Skewness
Mean < Median <
Mode
Negative Skewness

9. Positively Skewed
Negatively Skewed

10. QUESTION 3
Assess the reliability of the following:
 Satisfaction in life.
 Moral standards scale.
 Religious inclination.
Can the reliability of the scale be improved?

11. Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item
Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if
Item
Deleted
SAT01 38.55 34.884 .506 .728
SAT02 37.79 38.773 .385 .746
SAT03
38.17 34.556 .463 .735
SAT04
38.12 35.977 .457 .735
SAT05 38.33 35.979 .423 .740
SAT06
38.10 37.784 .392 .745
SAT07
37.85 37.476 .421 .741
SAT08
38.35 35.734 .344 .756
SAT09 38.17 36.238 .528 .728
SAT10
37.32 38.581 .362 .748
Alphas above 0.7 indicated the
reliability of the test is
considered ok. In this case, the
obtained alpha score is 0.760
which indicates that the scale
has high internal consistency
reliability. As in this case, if we
deleted these items, then it will
reduce the Alphas to less than
0.76. Therefore, I would suggest
not to removing any items
because they are good items.
SATISFACTION IN LIFE Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
N of Items
.760 10

12. MORAL STANDARDSItem-Total Statistics
Scale Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
A04 31.13 19.997 .493 .551
A14 30.98 19.944 .575 .536
A15 32.01 24.849 -.033 .698
A31 30.89 21.726 .327 .596
A33 31.13 19.997 .493 .551
A38
30.98 19.944 .575 .536
A42
30.97 20.991 .309 .600
A43 30.88 21.748 .129 .670
In this case, the
obtained alpha score is
0.628. Based on the
above result, it shows
that the reliability goes
up to 0.698 and 0.67
after we deleting item
A15 and item A43
respectively; therefore
we need to delete
these two items
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.628 8

13. Below show the TOTMORAL reliability
scale after we deleted item A15 and A43
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.757 6
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
A04
22.88 14.092 .564 .703
A14
22.74 14.295 .620 .691
A31
22.64 15.753 .369 .754
A33
22.88 14.092 .564 .703
A38
22.74 14.295 .620 .691
A42
22.72 15.403 .309 .779
Based on the result
above, we can see
that the
TOTMORAL Alpha
will increase to
0.757 when we
excluded the item
A15 and A43.

14. RELIGIOUS INCLINATION
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
N of Items
.777 3
Item-Total Statistics
Scale
Mean if
Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item
Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if
Item
Deleted
A08
9.16 4.183 .324 1.000
A19 9.25 2.986 .798 .489
A30
9.25 2.986 .798 .489
In this case, the obtained
alpha score is 0.628.
Based on the above
result, it shows that the
reliability goes up to
1.00 after deleting item
A08; However, I would
suggest not to removing
this item even though it
improves Alpha,
because only 2 items
is not much of a
composite. If we were
analyzing many items
then it would be more
appropriate to exclude
this item. Besides, the
result above also show
that the reliability will
goes down after
deleting item A19 and
A30. Therefore, we
should not delete this
good item.

15. QUESTION 4
Perform the relation analysis on the
following variable:
• Satisfaction in life (TOTSAT)
• Moral standard (TOTMORAL)
• Religious inclination (TOTRELIGION)
Discuss the result.

16. Correlations

17. Relationship between Variables SIGNIFICANT
RELATIONSHIP
DIRECTION STRENGTH
TOTSAT & TOTMORAL YES DIRECT STRONG
TOTSAT & TOTRELIGION YES DIRECT STRONG
TOTSAT & age NO DIRECT WEAK
TOTMORAL & TOTRELIGION YES DIRECT STRONG
TOTMORAL & age NO INDIRECT WEAK
TOTRELIGION & age NO INDIRECT WEAK

18. QUESTION 5
Cross tabulate ethnic groups
(RACE1) with satisfaction in life
groups (TOTSAT1). Is there a
relationship between races and
satisfaction on life? Discuss the
result.

20. a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than
5. The minimum expected count is 23.36.
There is a significant relationship between
Races

21. [ X2 = 18.474, df = 4, p < 0.005]
The relationship between ethnic groups and
satisfaction in life group could not have
occurred by chance factors alone

22. Cross tabulate ethnic groups
(race1) with all newspapers. Is
there a relationship between races
and newspaper readership?
QUESTION 6 :

23. Ethnic group*New Straits Time Crosstab
New Straits time Total
Yes No
ethnic group
Malay
Count 104 150 254
% within ethnic
group
40.9% 59.1% 100.0
%
% within New
Straits time
44.1% 58.8% 51.7
%
% of Total
21.2% 30.5% 51.7
%
Chinese
Count 85 73 158
% within ethnic
group
53.8% 46.2% 100.0
%
% within New
Straits time
36.0% 28.6% 32.2
%
% of Total
17.3% 14.9% 32.2
%
indian &
others
Count 47 32 79
% within ethnic
group
59.5% 40.5% 100.0
%
% within New
Straits time
19.9% 12.5% 16.1
%
% of Total
9.6% 6.5% 16.1
%
Total
Count 236 55 491
% within ethnic
group
48.1% 51.9% 100.0
%
% within New
Straits time
100.0% 100.0% 100.0
%
% of Total
48.1% 51.9% 100.0
%
Most ethnic who
reads the New Straits
Times (NST) within
races : Malay (44.1%)
followed by Chinese
(36%)
Most ethnic who did
not read New Straits
Times (NST) within
races :
Also Malay constribute
the highest percentageNew Strait Times

24. • Pearson chi-square value is 11.372
• These results shows that there is statistically significant relationship between
the type of race and reading New Straits Time (p = 0.003).
• Since the p-value is less than 0.05, so we reject the null hypothesis
• Conclude, there is relationship between race1 and NST newspaper
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 11.372a 2 .003
Likelihood Ratio 11.419 2 .003
Linear-by-Linear Association 10.860 1 .001
N of Valid Cases
491
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 37.97.
Chi-Square Test for New Strait Times newspaper

25. Ethnic group*The Star Crosstab
The Star Total
Yes No
ethnic group
Malay
Count 86 169 255
% within ethnic
group
33.7% 66.3% 100.0%
% within The Star
38.9% 62.4% 51.8%
% of Total
17.5% 34.3% 51.8%
Chinese
Count 87 71 158
% within ethnic
group
55.1% 44.9% 100.0%
% within The Star
39.4% 26.2% 32.1%
% of Total
17.7% 14.4% 32.1%
Indian &
others
Count 48 31 79
% within ethnic
group
60.8% 39.2% 100.0%
% within The Star
21.7% 11.4% 16.1%
% of Total
9.8% 6.3% 16.1%
Total
Count 221 271 492
% within ethnic
group
44.9% 55.1% 100.0%
% within The Star
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total
44.9% 55.1% 100.0%
Most ethnic who
prefer reads the The
Star within races :
Chinese (39.4%)
Most ethnic who did
not prefer read The
Star within races :
Malay (62.4%)
The Star

26. Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
27.497a 2 .000
Likelihood Ratio
27.734 2 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association
25.086 1 .000
N of Valid Cases
492
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 35.49.
• Pearson chi-square value is 27.497
• These results shows that there is statistically significant relationship between
the type of race and reading The Star (p = 0).
• Since the p-value is less than 0.05, so we reject the null hypothesis
• Conclude, there is relationship between race1 and The Star newspaper
Chi-Square Test for The Star newspaper

27. Ethnic group*Utusan Malaysia Crosstab
Utusan malaysia Total
Yes No
ethnic group
malay
Count 191 64 255
% within ethnic group 74.9% 25.1% 100.0%
% within Utusan
malaysia
78.9% 25.6% 51.8%
% of Total 38.8% 13.0% 51.8%
chinese
Count 17 141 158
% within ethnic group 10.8% 89.2% 100.0%
% within Utusan
malaysia
7.0% 56.4% 32.1%
% of Total 3.5% 28.7% 32.1%
indian & others
Count 34 45 79
% within ethnic group 43.0% 57.0% 100.0%
% within Utusan
malaysia
14.0% 18.0% 16.1%
% of Total 6.9% 9.1% 16.1%
Total
Count 242 250 492
% within ethnic group 49.2% 50.8% 100.0%
% within Utusan
malaysia
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 49.2% 50.8% 100.0%
Most ethnic who
prefer reads the
Utusan Malaysia
within races : Malay
(78.9%)
Most ethnic who did
not prefer read
Utusan Malaysia
within races :
Chinese (56.4%)
Utusan Malaysia

28. Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
162.012a 2 .000
Likelihood Ratio
178.707 2 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association
73.077 1 .000
N of Valid Cases
492
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 38.86.
Chi-Square Test for Utusan Malaysia newspaper
• Pearson chi-square value is 162.012
• These results shows that there is statistically significant relationship between
the type of race and reading Utusan Malaysia (p = 0).
• Since the p-value is less than 0.05, so we reject the null hypothesis
• Conclude, there is relationship between race1 and Utusan Malaysia
newspaper

29. Ethnic group*Berita Harian Crosstab
Berita Harian Total
Yes No
ethnic group
malay
Count 188 67 255
% within ethnic
group
73.7% 26.3% 100.0%
% within Berita
Harian
77.7% 26.8% 51.8%
% of Total 38.2% 13.6% 51.8%
chinese
Count 31 127 158
% within ethnic
group
19.6% 80.4% 100.0%
% within Berita
Harian
12.8% 50.8% 32.1%
% of Total 6.3% 25.8% 32.1%
indian & others
Count 23 56 79
% within ethnic
group
29.1% 70.9% 100.0%
% within Berita
Harian
9.5% 22.4% 16.1%
% of Total 4.7% 11.4% 16.1%
Total
Count 242 250 492
% within ethnic
group
49.2% 50.8% 100.0%
% within Berita
Harian
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 49.2% 50.8% 100.0%
Most ethnic who
prefer reads Berita
Harian within races :
Malay (77.7%)
Most ethnic who did
not prefer read Berita
Harian within races :
Chinese (50.8%)
Berita Harian

30. Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
129.434a 2 .000
Likelihood Ratio
136.463 2 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association
90.621 1 .000
N of Valid Cases
492
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 38.86.
Chi-Square Test for Berita Harian newspaper
• Pearson chi-square value is 129.434
• These results shows that there is statistically significant relationship between
the type of race and reading Berita Harian (p = 0).
• Since the p-value is less than 0.05, so we reject the null hypothesis
• Conclude, there is relationship between race1 and Berita Harian newspaper

31.  Malay races are more prefer to Utusan
Malaysia and Berita Harian, both of this
newspaper are in Bahasa Melayu.
• Malay language is their mother tongue
• Official language used daily is in Malay
Chinese races tend to read The Star
Newspaper.
• Lingua franca for Chinese while dealing
with customers is in English
•To keep them up-to-date with the latest
news in the Star

32. QUESTION 7
Perform some statistical tests to
see sex differences with respect
to all the items in the
satisfaction in life scale. Discuss
the results.

33. 1)Sig p<0.05, equal
variances not
assumed
2)Sig p>0.05, equal
variances assumed
Sig (2-tailed) p<0.05, significant relationship, accept
alternative hypothesis, reject null hypothesis
Sig (2-tailed) p>0.05, no significant relationship, accept
null hypothesis, reject alternative hypothesis
Money
Friend
s

34. 1)Sig p<0.05, equal
variances not
assumed
2)Sig p>0.05, equal
variances assumed
Sig (2-tailed) p<0.05, significant relationship, accept
alternative hypothesis, reject null hypothesis
Sig (2-tailed) p>0.05, no significant relationship, accept
null hypothesis, reject alternative hypothesis
Affair/
Romanc
e
Job
Study

35. 1)Sig p<0.05, equal
variances not
assumed
2)Sig p>0.05, equal
variances assumed
Sig (2-tailed) p<0.05, significant relationship between
male and female, accept alternative hypothesis, reject
null hypothesis
Sig (2-tailed) p<0.05, significant relationship between
male and female, accept alternative hypothesis, reject
Sig (2-tailed) p<0.05, significant relationship, accept
alternative hypothesis, reject null hypothesis
Sig (2-tailed) p>0.05, no significant relationship, accept
null hypothesis, reject alternative hypothesis
Relation with
parent
Physical
Appearance
Leisure

36. 1)Sig p<0.05, equal
variances not
assumed
2)Sig p>0.05, equal
variances assumed
Sig (2-tailed) p<0.05, significant relationship between
male and female, accept alternative hypothesis, reject
null hypothesis
Sig (2-tailed) p<0.05, significant relationship between
male and female, accept alternative hypothesis, reject
Sig (2-tailed) p<0.05, significant relationship, accept
alternative hypothesis, reject null hypothesis
Sig (2-tailed) p>0.05, no significant relationship, accept
null hypothesis, reject alternative hypothesis
Relation with
opposite sex
Material
Comfort

37. QUESTION 8
Perform some statistical tests to
see marital status group
differences (marital 1) with
respect to all the items in the
religious inclination scale.
Discuss the results.

38. When significant value greater than 0.05 (p>0.05), Levene’s
test for the homogeneity of variances is not significant and
we have not violated the homogeneity of variances
assumptions. Therefore marital status is not related with
religion. We accept the null hypothesis and reject the
alternative hypothesis.

39. QUESTION 9
Using the following variables, perform a
regression analysis and discuss the
results:
 Dependent = Satisfaction in life (TOTSAT).
 Independent Variables= Moral Standards
(TOTMORAL), Religious Inclination (TOTRELIGION),
Age.

40. Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .272a .074 .068 .63138
a. Predictors: (Constant), Your age, TOTMORAL1, TOTRELIG
•The R value = 0.282
•
•R2 = 7.4%
•Adjusted R2 =6.8%
•R is the multiple correlation coefficients that tell the relationship
between the independent variables with the dependent variable.
•The R2 value show how much of the dependent variable can be
explained by the independent variable.
Changes on the independent variable can
affect the dependent variable by 6.8%.
Changes on the independent variable can
affect the dependent variable by 7.4%.
Indicates a low degree of correlation.

41. ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F Sig.
1
Regression
15.823 3 5.274 13.231 .000b
Residual 197.725 496 .399
Total
213.548 499
a. Dependent Variable: TOTSATL
b. Predictors: (Constant), Your age, TOTMORAL1, TOTRELIG
The significant value is .000, P- Value <0.005
Therefore, this model is significant.

42. Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 2.955 .207 14.246 .000
TOTMORAL1 .166 .067 .191 2.466 .014
TOTRELIG .058 .058 .077 .995 .320
Your age .009 .004 .099 2.280 .023
a. Dependent Variable: TOTSATL
• TOTMORAL have the largest beta coefficient which is 0.191. This means that the
variable makes the strongest unique contribution in explaining the dependent variable.
• TOTRELIG was slightly lower (0.077) indicating that it made less of a unique
contribution.
• The P value for TOTMORAL (.0014) and ages (.023), P- value< 0.05This
show that they are contributed significantly to the dependent variable.
Reject the Ho hypothesis.
• TOTRELIG have a significant value of more than 0.05 which is 0.320,
therefore we can conclude this variable is not making significant unique
contribution to the prediction of the dependent variable. Accept the Ho
hypothesis.

43. The beta value is positive.
There is a positive relationship between the independent
variable (Moral standards, religious inclination, age and the
dependent variable ( satisfaction in life)

44. THANK YOU!