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Chapter Objectives
Section 2: Early Years of the War
• Identify Northern and Southern successes and
  failures in the early years of the war. 
• Explain how the North’s naval blockade hurt the
  South.




           Click the mouse button or press the
           Space Bar to display the information.
Why It Matters
The Civil War–a war in which Americans
fought other Americans–transformed the United
States. It shattered the economy
of the South while contributing to the rapid
economic growth of the North and the West.
African Americans gained freedom when
slavery was abolished, but the war left a legacy
of bitterness between North and South that
lasted for generations.
The Impact Today
Key events during this era still shape our lives
today. For example: 
• The institution of slavery was abolished. 
• The war established the power of the
  federal government over the states.




          Click the mouse button or press the
          Space Bar to display the information.
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
Neither the Union nor the Confederate forces gained
a strong advantage during the early years of the war.





Key Terms
• blockade runner 
• ironclad 
• casualty




           Click the mouse button or press the
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First Battle of Bull Run
• The first major battle of the Civil War was
  called the First Battle of Bull Run. 
• It was fought in northern Virginia near a river
  called Bull Run. 
• The Confederates were victorious. 
• Union troops attacked Confederate forces led
  by General P.G.T. Beauregard. 
• Next, the Rebels rallied under General
  Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson’s reinforcement
  troops and counterattacked the Yankees.
                                                  (pages 466–467)
          Click the mouse button or press the
          Space Bar to display the information.
First Battle of Bull Run (cont.)
• Then, the Union army retreated back to
  Washington, D.C., first in an orderly fashion
  and then in a panic. 
• The Confederate victory shocked the North. 
• Northerners realized that the war could be a
  long, hard, and costly one. 
• Abraham Lincoln signed two bills requesting
  a total of one million army volunteers to
  serve for three years. 
• He also appointed General George B.
  McClellan to head the Union army of the
  East called the Army of the Potomac.
                                                 (pages 466–467)
         Click the mouse button or press the
         Space Bar to display the information.
War in the East
• The war in the East was not as successful for
  the Union. 
• The Union’s goal of capturing the Confederate
  capital of Richmond, Virginia, was never met.
  

• The Southern strategy of making the North
  tired of fighting seemed to be working. 


  - General McClellan did not act promptly on Lincoln’s
    orders to advance directly to Richmond.


                                                  (pages 469–472)
          Click the mouse button or press the
          Space Bar to display the information.
War in the East (cont.)
• Richmond was never captured, and the
  Confederates were only 20 miles away from
  Washington, D.C. 
  - McClellan’s army was pushed back, but it was larger
    than Lee’s and still close to Richmond. 
  - When McClellan did not renew his attack toward
    Richmond, Lincoln ordered him to Northern
    Virginia to join Major General John Pope’s troops.




                                                  (pages 469–472)
          Click the mouse button or press the
          Space Bar to display the information.
War in the East (cont.)
  - Stonewall Jackson’s troops met Lee’s army and
    were attacked by Pope’s troops on August 29 at
    Bull Run. 
  - The Second Battle of Bull Run was won by the
    Confederacy.




                                                  (pages 469–472)
          Click the mouse button or press the
          Space Bar to display the information.
War in the East (cont.)
• Another major battle, the Battle of Antietam,
  occurred on September 17. 
• Both armies suffered severe losses, but neither
  was destroyed. 
• General Lee withdrew to Virginia, so the
  Union claimed victory. 
• Additionally Lincoln used the battle to change
  Northern war aims and take action against
  slavery.


                                                  (pages 469–472)
          Click the mouse button or press the
          Space Bar to display the information.
War in the East (cont.)
  - Lee’s army marched into Maryland in September
    1862, and McClellan with his 80,000 troops moved
    slowly after them. 
  - After a McClellan soldier found a copy of Lee’s
    orders, McClellan knew Lee’s plans, but because he
    was so cautious and acted so slowly, Lee was able to
    gather his forces along the Antietam Creek. 
  - September 17, the bloodiest day of the war, saw
    close to 6,000 soldiers dead or dying and another
    17,000 seriously wounded.




                                                  (pages 469–472)
          Click the mouse button or press the
          Space Bar to display the information.
War in the East (cont.)
  - The next day Lee withdrew. 
  - When McClellan refused to obey Lincoln’s order to
    pursue Lee, Lincoln replaced McClellan with
    General Ambrose Burnside as commander of the
    Army of the Potomac.




                                                  (pages 469–472)
          Click the mouse button or press the
          Space Bar to display the information.
16 2 pp

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16 2 pp

  • 1.
  • 2. Chapter Objectives Section 2: Early Years of the War • Identify Northern and Southern successes and failures in the early years of the war.  • Explain how the North’s naval blockade hurt the South. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 3. Why It Matters The Civil War–a war in which Americans fought other Americans–transformed the United States. It shattered the economy of the South while contributing to the rapid economic growth of the North and the West. African Americans gained freedom when slavery was abolished, but the war left a legacy of bitterness between North and South that lasted for generations.
  • 4. The Impact Today Key events during this era still shape our lives today. For example:  • The institution of slavery was abolished.  • The war established the power of the federal government over the states. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 5. Guide to Reading Main Idea Neither the Union nor the Confederate forces gained a strong advantage during the early years of the war.  Key Terms • blockade runner  • ironclad  • casualty Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 6. First Battle of Bull Run • The first major battle of the Civil War was called the First Battle of Bull Run.  • It was fought in northern Virginia near a river called Bull Run.  • The Confederates were victorious.  • Union troops attacked Confederate forces led by General P.G.T. Beauregard.  • Next, the Rebels rallied under General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson’s reinforcement troops and counterattacked the Yankees. (pages 466–467) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 7. First Battle of Bull Run (cont.) • Then, the Union army retreated back to Washington, D.C., first in an orderly fashion and then in a panic.  • The Confederate victory shocked the North.  • Northerners realized that the war could be a long, hard, and costly one.  • Abraham Lincoln signed two bills requesting a total of one million army volunteers to serve for three years.  • He also appointed General George B. McClellan to head the Union army of the East called the Army of the Potomac. (pages 466–467) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 8. War in the East • The war in the East was not as successful for the Union.  • The Union’s goal of capturing the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, was never met.  • The Southern strategy of making the North tired of fighting seemed to be working.  - General McClellan did not act promptly on Lincoln’s orders to advance directly to Richmond. (pages 469–472) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 9. War in the East (cont.) • Richmond was never captured, and the Confederates were only 20 miles away from Washington, D.C.  - McClellan’s army was pushed back, but it was larger than Lee’s and still close to Richmond.  - When McClellan did not renew his attack toward Richmond, Lincoln ordered him to Northern Virginia to join Major General John Pope’s troops. (pages 469–472) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 10. War in the East (cont.) - Stonewall Jackson’s troops met Lee’s army and were attacked by Pope’s troops on August 29 at Bull Run.  - The Second Battle of Bull Run was won by the Confederacy. (pages 469–472) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 11. War in the East (cont.) • Another major battle, the Battle of Antietam, occurred on September 17.  • Both armies suffered severe losses, but neither was destroyed.  • General Lee withdrew to Virginia, so the Union claimed victory.  • Additionally Lincoln used the battle to change Northern war aims and take action against slavery. (pages 469–472) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 12. War in the East (cont.) - Lee’s army marched into Maryland in September 1862, and McClellan with his 80,000 troops moved slowly after them.  - After a McClellan soldier found a copy of Lee’s orders, McClellan knew Lee’s plans, but because he was so cautious and acted so slowly, Lee was able to gather his forces along the Antietam Creek.  - September 17, the bloodiest day of the war, saw close to 6,000 soldiers dead or dying and another 17,000 seriously wounded. (pages 469–472) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
  • 13. War in the East (cont.) - The next day Lee withdrew.  - When McClellan refused to obey Lincoln’s order to pursue Lee, Lincoln replaced McClellan with General Ambrose Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac. (pages 469–472) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.