хулан англи хэл дүрэм

Direct Speech: gives the exact words someone said. We use inverted commas in Direct Speech.E.g. “it’s a nice day” he said. Шууд дамжуулалт: Энэ нь хүний хэлсэнийг яг тэр чигээр нь дамжуулдаг. Жишээ нь: “Сайхан өдөр байна” гэж тэр хэлсэн.

Reported Speech: gives the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words. We do not use inverted commas in Reported Speech.E.g He said it was a nice day. Дам яриа:Энэ нь хүний хэлсэнийг өөрөөр хэлдэг.Тэр хүн ямар цаг дээр хэлсэн түүнийг нь нэг цагаар ухраан хэлдэг. Жишээ нь: Тэр сайхан өдөр байсан гэж хэлсэн.

Reported commands are often reported with infinitives. We use tell when we add who we are speaking to (tell + person + infinitive) We use say when we don’t say who we are speaking to (say + infinitive). Negative commands use not before infinitive. E.g. The doctor told me not to take some medicine.The doctor said not to take some medicine.

Дам ярианы хэлбэр нь ихэвчлэн үйл үгийн тодорхой бус төлөвтөй байна.Үгүйсгэсэн хэлбэр нь үйл үгийнхаа өмнө орно. Жишээ нь:Доктор надад хэлэхдээ эм битгий хэрэглэ гэсэн.Доктор хэлэхдээ эм битгий хэрэглэ гэсэн

Reported Speech(positive/negative statements : present to past)

Reported questions ; Wh-questions (using the verb to be) Энэ нь асуултандаа he/she/it + asked болж өөрчлөгддөг. Үйл үг нь төгсгөлдөө to be авна.

Tenses change in Reported Speech as follows ,[object Object],E.g. “She plays the piano ,” He said. He said (that) she played the piano. ,[object Object],e.g. “She is playing the piano ,” he said. He said (that) she was playing piano. ,[object Object],e.g. “She played/has played the piano,” he said. He said (that) she had played the piano.

[object Object],e.g. “She was playing /has been playing the piano,” he said. He said (that) she had been playing the piano. ,[object Object],e.g. “She’ll play the piano,” he said. He said (that) she would play the piano. ,[object Object],e.g. “She’ll be playing the piano,” he said. He said (that) she wouldbeplaying the piano.

Time words can change or remain the same depending on the time reference: Direct Speech Reported Speech

Example “He is leaving next week,” she said. She said (that) he was leaving the following week. (out-of-date reporting) “I visited Pam last week,” she said. She said (that) she visited Pam last week. (up-to-date reporting)

Exercise 1. “As we were walking down the street, someone stopped in front of us,” he said. Reported Speech or Direct Speech

Exercise 2. She said that she kept to a few simple rules. Reported Speech or Direct Speech

Exercise Reported Speech

Exercise Rewrite the sentences. Use reported speech. 3. Direct speech The doctor said, “Use this cream, Josh” . Reported speech ……………………………………………….

Exercise 3. Direct speech The doctor said, “Use this cream, Josh” . Reported speech The doctor told Josh to use the cream on his knee.

Exercise Rewrite the sentences. Use reported speech. 4. Direct speech The trainer said, “Don’t work too hard,” . Reported speech ……………………………………………….

Exercise 4. Direct speech The trainer said, “Don’t work too hard,” . Reported speech The trainer told the sportsman not to work too hard.

хулан англи хэл дүрэм

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