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waste management Anatomy of a Landfill
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waste management Anatomy of a Landfill
1.
Typical Anatomy
of a Landfill Protective Cover COVER VEGETATION 1 As portions of the landfill are completed, native grasses and shrubs are planted and the areas are maintained as open spaces. The vegetation is visually pleasing and prevents erosion of the underlying 1 soils. 2 Top Soil Helps to support and maintain the growth Leachate 2 of vegetation by retaining moisture and Collection System providing nutrients. Leachate is a liquid that has filtered through the landfill. It consists primarily of 3 PROTECTIVE COVER SOIL precipitation with a small amount coming Protects the landfill cap system and from the natural decomposition of the provides additional moisture retention to waste. The leachate collection system col- help support the cover vegetation. 3 lects the leachate so that it can be removed from the landfill and properly treated or dis- 4 posed of. The leachate collection system has the following components: Composite Cap System 4 Drainage Layer 9 Leachate Collection Layer 5 A layer of sand or gravel or a thick plastic A layer of sand or gravel or a thick plastic mesh called a geonet drains excess precipi- mesh called a geonet collects leachate and tation from the protective cover soil to allows it to drain by gravity to the leachate enhance stability and help prevent infiltra- 6 collection pipe system. tion of water through the landfill cap system. A geotextile fabric, similar in appearance to felt, may be located on top 10 Filter Geotextile of the drainage layer to provide separation A geotextile fabric, similar in appearance of solid particles from liquid. This prevents to felt, may be located on top of the clogging of the drainage layer. leachate collection pipe system to provide 7 separation of solid particles from liquid. This 5 prevents clogging of the pipe system. Geomembrane A thick plastic layer forms a cap that 11 Leachate Collection prevents excess precipitation from entering Pipe System the landfill and forming leachate. This 8 Perforated pipes, surrounded by a bed of layer also helps to prevent the escape of gravel, transport collected leachate to landfill gas, thereby reducing odors. specially designed low points called sumps. Pumps, located within the sumps, automati- cally remove the leachate from the landfill 6 Compacted Clay and transport it to the leachate management 7 Is placed over the waste to form a cap facilities for treatment or another proper when the landfill reaches the permitted method of disposal. height. This layer prevents excess precipi- tation from entering the landfill and forming leachate and helps to prevent 8 the escape of landfill gas, thereby Composite Liner System reducing odors. 12 Geomembrane A thick plastic layer forms a liner that pre- Working Landfill vents leachate from leaving the landfill and entering the environment. This geomem- 9 7 brane is typically constructed of a special Daily Cover type of plastic called high-density polyeth- At the end of each working period, waste ylene or HDPE. HDPE is tough, impermeable is covered with six to twelve inches 10 and extremely resistant to attack by the of soil or other approved material. Daily compounds that might be in the leachate. cover reduces odors, keeps litter from This layer also helps to prevent the escape scattering and helps deter scavengers. of landfill gas. 8 Waste 13 Compacted Clay As waste arrives, it is compacted in layers within a small area to reduce the volume Is located directly below the geomembrane consumed within the landfill. This practice and forms an additional barrier to prevent also helps to reduce odors, keeps litter leachate from leaving the landfill and enter- 11 from scattering and deters scavengers. ing the environment. This layer also helps to prevent the escape of landfill gas. 14 Prepared Subgrade 12 The native soils beneath the landfill are Please Note: This illustration prepared as needed prior to beginning landfill depicts a cross section of the standard construction. environmental protection technologies of modern landfills. While the tech- nologies used in most landfills are similar, the exact sequence and type 13 of materials may differ from site to site depending on design, location, climate and underlying geology. 14 (Not to scale) www.wm.com ©2003, Waste Management From everyday collection to environmental protection, Think Green. Think Waste Management. SM
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