File containing different ppt created by my students on Reported Speech.

2. Quoted speech is EXACTLY what the
person said.
If we report what another person has
said, we usually do not use the speaker’s
exact words (direct speech), but
reported (indirect) speech.

3. QuotespeechverbsReportedspeechverbs
Present
Present continuos
Present perfect
Simple past
Future
Can
Might
Must
Past simple
Past continuos
Past perfect
Past perfect
Conditional
Could
Might
Had to

4. QuotespeechReporterspeech
I
We
My
Us
Tomorrow
Yesterday
He or she
They
His or her
Their
The next day
The day before

5. Direct Speach Reported Speech
´I always buy organic food.’ He said he always bought organic
foof.
´I´m going to see my mother
tommorrow.’
She told me she was going to see
her mother the next day.
´I´ve passed my exams.’ He said he had passed his exams.
´We saw her at the station.’ They said they had seen her at the
station.
´I´ll meet you here.’ He said he would meet me there.
‘I can´t hear you.’ She said she couldn´t hear me.
‘We might be late.’ They said they might be late.
‘I must leave at midday.’ He said he had to leave at midday.

7. • If we report what another person has said, we
usually do not use the speaker’s exact words
(direct speech)
• Quoted Speech: Is exactly what the person
said.

8. • Examples of Reported Speech and Quoted
Speech:
• Video

9. • When we change the statement, we check
what we have to change:
• pronouns
• present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
• place and time expressions
• tenses (backshift)

11. • Sometimes we need to change the pronoun.
– Direct speech: Jane: "I don't like living here." (Jane is
referring to herself)
Reported speech: Jane said (that) she didn't like living
here. (The pronoun she refers to Jane.
• We may also need to change other words about place and
time.
– Direct speech: "I like this car."
Reported speech: He said (that) he liked that car.
– Direct speech: "I went to Tokyo last week."
Reported speech: She said (that) she'd been to Tokyo the
week before.

12. •
Example:
Peter: "I cleaned the black shoes yesterday."
Peter told me that ________________________________________
Answer:
Peter told me that he had cleaned the black shoes the day before.
•
Toggle example
1) Emily: "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow."
Emily said that .
2) Helen: "I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that .
3) Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert told me that .
4) Lisa: "Tim went to the stadium an hour ago."
Lisa said that .
ReportedReporteden708

13. • 5) Patricia: "My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend."
Patricia said that .
6) Michael: "I am going to read a book this week."
Michael said to me that .
7) Jason and Victoria: "We will do our best in the exams tomorrow."
Jason and Victoria told me that .
8) Andrew: "We didn't eat fish two days ago."
Andrew remarked that .
9) Alice: "I spent all my pocket money on Monday."
Alice complained that .
10) David: "John had already gone at six."
David said that .

14. DIRECT SPEECH ‐
REPORTED SPEECH
Joaquín Sánchez

15. • If we report what another person has said, we
usually do not use the speaker’s exact words
(direct speech), but reported (indirect)
speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to
transform direct speech into reported speech.
The structure is a little different depending on
whether you want to transform a statement,
question or request.
• We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell' .
DIRECT SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH

16. Present simple – Past simple
"He's American," she said. She said he was
American.
Present Continuous – Past Continuos
“Dan is living in San Francisco”, she said She said
Dan was living in San Francisco.
Past Simple ‐ Past Perfect Simple
"We went to the movies last night," he said He
told me they had gone to the movies last night.
DIRECT SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH

17. • Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
"Have you worked here before?“ I asked her
whether she'd worked there before.
• Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous.
Steve said, "we've been dating for over a year
now”. Steve told me that they'd been
dating for over a year.
DIRECT SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH

18. • Past Perfect Simple ‐ Past Perfect Simple (No
Change)
I'd been to Chicago before for work, he said. He
said that he'd been to Chicago before for work.
Past Perfect Continuous ‐ Past Perfect continuous
(No change)
She said, "I'd been dancing for years before the
accident.“ She said she'd been dancing for
years before the accident.
DIRECT SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH

19. Will – would
“I'll see you later” She said she would see me
later.
Would – Would (No Change)
I would help, but She said she would help
but...
Can – Could
I can speak perfect English She said she could
speak perfect English.
DIRECT SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH

20. • Could ‐ Could (No Change)
“I could swim when I was four” She said she could swim
when she was four.
• Shall ‐ Shall (No Change)
“I shall come later” She said she would come later.
• Should‐ Should (No Change)
“I should call my mother” She said she should call her
mother
• Might ‐ might (No Change)
"I might be late" She said she might be late must “
• Must – Must / Had to
I must study at the weekend" She said she must study at the
weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend.
DIRECT SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH

21. • Occasionally, we don't need to change the
present tense into the past if the information in
direct speech is still true (but this is only for
things which are general facts, and even then
usually we like to change the tense):
• Direct speech: “The sky is blue”
• Reported speech: She said that the sky is/was
blue
DIRECT SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH

22. Reported Questions
• It's not so different from reported statements.
The tense changes are the same, and we keep
the question word. The very important thing
though is that, once we tell the question to
someone else, it isn't a question any more. So
we need to change the grammar to a normal
positive sentence.

23. REPORTED QUESTIONS
• Direct speech: "Where do you live?"
• Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.
• Direct speech: "where is Julie?"
• Reported speech: She asked me where Julie
was.

24. TIME EXPRESSIONS WITH REPORTED
SPEECH
Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech
we have to change time expressions too. We don't always
have to do this, however. It depends on when we heard the
direct speech and when we say the reported speech.
Now then / at that time
Today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
Yesterday the day before yesterday / the day before /
Wednesday / the 5th of December
Last night the night before, Thursday night
Last week the week before / the previous week
Tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday

25. Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
David & Judá

26. Why we use reported speech?
• If we report what another person has said, we
usually DO NOT USE the speaker’s EXACT
words (direct speech), but reported (indirect)
speech.
• Verbal changes

27. Differences between them
(examples)
Type Example
direct speech “I speak English.”
reported speech(no backshift) He says that he speaks English.
reported speech
(backshift)
He said that he spoke English.

28. Questions
• When transforming questions, check whether you have to
change…
• Also note that you have to:
– transform the question into an indirect question
– use the interrogative or if / whether
Type Example
with interrogative direct speech “Why don’t you speak
English?”
reported speech He asked me why I
didn’t speak English
without interrogative direct speech “Do you speak
English?”
reported speech He asked me whether /
if I spoke English.

29. Requests
• Before you begin, check:
• pronouns
• place and time expressions
Type Example
direct speech Carol, speak English
reported speech He told Carol to speak English

30. A reported Speech situation

31. Activities
• Which is the correct ending of the sentence in Reported speech? Choose from the
dropdown menu and mind the tenses of the reporting verbs.
1) Benjamin: "I often have a big hamburger."
Benjamin says (that) …
2) Hannah: "They live in Boston."
Hannah said (that)…
3) Tyler: "Ian doesn't invite girls to his parties."
Tyler told me (that) …
4) Dominic: "She understands Japanese."
Dominic remarks (that) …
5) Sophia: "Bella doesn't collect stickers."
Sophia explains (that) …

32. Quoted Speech
• Quoted speech is EXACTLY what the person
said.
Examples:
Quoted Speech (EXACT) Reported Speech (NOT EXACT)
Joshua said, "I love eating
chocolate ice cream after
dinner."
Joshua said that he loved eating
chocolate ice cream after dinner

33. Activities
The following sentences use quoted speech. Change the following
sentences from quoted speech to reported speech. Then see below to
get the answers and the explanations.
• 1.) James said, “I am watching TV.”
___________________________________________________
• 2.) Professor Jones said, “I worked all day!”
___________________________________________________
• 3.) The president said, “I will be visiting Italy in December.”
___________________________________________________
• 4.) The weatherman announced, “It may rain today.”
___________________________________________________
• 5.) My father screamed, “I have to go to the airport, now!”
___________________________________________________

34. Rules to Remember!
1 There are no quotation marks (“”) in reported speech.
2 In reported speech, you may use the word that after the word said,
but it is optional.
3 The grammar learned here for reported speech is for statements but
NOT FOR QUESTIONS. The grammar for questions in reported
speech is different and will be learned in a future
MyEnglishTeacher.net English lesson.
4 Quoted speech is exactly what the person said, so be careful not to
misquote the person. Reported speech is NOT exactly what the
person said, so you can change some words to make the sentence
appropriate and logically correct. Be careful NOT to change the
meaning.

35. Quoted speech vs. Reported speech
By Juan Antonio and Jesus

36. Definition and Comparasion
• Quoted speech is exactly what the person say.
Example: John said: “I need to take a taxi”.
• Reported speech: We use the Reported Speech to report what someone siad
earlier.
Example: John said that he needed to take a taxi.
COMPARATION
If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words.

37. VERB TENSES, PRONOUNS and OTHER
CHANGES
Verb tenses.
• Present Simple → Past Simple
I play tennis every weeks → He said that he played tennis every weeks.
• Present Continuous → Past Continuos
I´m working with Jesus in class → He said that he was working with Jesus…
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
We have been on the beach → They said that they had been on the beach.
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
I saw them at the park → He said he had seen them at the park.

38. • Pronouns and other changes
There may be other chnages to pronouns, possessive adjectives, and
references of time or place.
i´ll go → She said she would go.
It´s my car → He said it was his car.
We´ll see you tomorrow → They said they would see us the next day.
I´ll be there → They said she would be there.

39. Quoted speech or direct speech with
examples
Examples
• Present Simple → Past Simple
He likes go out at night → He told that he liked go out at night
• Present Continuous → Past Continuos
We are talking about the football match → They said that they
were talking about the football match.
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
We have visited Paris → They said that they had visited Paris.
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
I bought some bread yesterday → He said he had bought
some bread yesterday.

40. Sara Castellanos Cantos

41. What it is? If we report what another person has said, we usually
do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported
(indirect) speech.
CHANGES:
When transforming questions, you have to change: pronouns,
verbs, places and expression and tenses
-For example: Direct speech: -“Why don’t you speak English?”
Reported speech: - He asked me why I didn’t speak
English
We change request:
-For example: “Play it again, Sam," she said→ She asked Sam
to play it again.

42. Statements
◦ If the introductory sentence starts in the present, there is
no backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: Direct speech: Susan: "I work in an office."
Reported speech: Susan says (that) she works in
an office.
◦ If the introductory sentence starts in the past ,there is often
backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: "I work in an office."
Susan said (that) she worked in an office.
◦ If the sentence contains an expression of time, you must
change it as well
Example: Peter: "I worked in the garden yesterday."
Peter said that he had worked in the garden the
day before.

43. What it is? Saying what someone has said is called direct
speech (sometimes called quoted speech).
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks
("...") and should be word for word.
For example: She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."

44. Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple:
She said, "It's cold."
Past simple:
She said it was cold
Present continuous:
She said, "I'm teaching English
online."
Past continuous:
She said she was teaching English
online.
Present perfect simple:
She said, "I've been on the web
since 1999."
Past perfect simple
She said she had been on the web
since 1999.
Present perfect continuous:
She said, "I've been teaching
English for seven years”
Past perfect continuous:
She said she had been teaching
English for seven years.
Past simple :
She said, "I taught online
yesterday."
Past perfect :
She said she had taught online
yesterday.

45. In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.
For example:
ME YOU
"I teach English online."
Direct speech: She said,
"I teach English online."
Reported Speech
She said she teaches
English online.

46. There are five different:
◦ Quoted speech has quotation marks; reported speech does
not use quotation marks.
◦ In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.
◦ In reported speech, the word that is often used after said,
but that is optional.
◦ Quoted speech is exactly what the person said.
◦ The verb in reported speech is changed to the past

47. Reported Speech definition: If we report what another person has said,
we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but
reported (indirect) speech.
Quoted speech definition: Quoted speech is EXACTLY what
the person said.

48. Different changes in verbal tenses, pronouns and others
QUOTED SPEECH
• Present Simple
• Present Continuos
• Past simple
• Past Continuos
• Present Perfect
• Past Perfect
• Will
• Can
• May
REPORTED SPEECH
• Past Simple /
• Past Continuos
• Past Perfect
• Past Continuos
• Past Perfect
• Past Perfect
• Would
• Could
• Might

49. Quoted speech or direct speech with examples
QUOTED SPEECH
• "I cook rice every day.".
• "I am cooking rice.
• "I cooked rice.”
• "I have cooked rice.“
• "I had cooked rice."
• "I will cook rice”
• "I am going to cook rice."
• "I can cook rice."
• "I may cook rice."
• "I must cook rice."
• "I have to cook rice."
• "I should cook rice."
• "I ought to cook rice."
• "I might cook rice."
REPORTED SPEECH
• Jordan said that she cooked rice every day.
• Jordan said that she was cooking rice.
• Jordan said that she had cooked rice.
• Jordan said that she had cooked rice.
• Jordan said that she had cooked rice.
• Jordan said that she would cook rice.
• Jordan said that she was going to cook rice.
• Jordan said that she could cook rice.
• Jordan said that she might cook rice.
• Jordan said that she had to cook rice.
• Jordan said that she had to cook rice.
• Jordan said that she should cook rice.
• Jordan said that she ought to cook rice.
• Jordan said that she might cook rice.

50. Question into an indirect question
QUOTED SPEECH
• “Why don’t you speak English?”
• “Do you speak English?”
REPORTED SPEECH
• He asked me why I didn’t speak English
• He asked me whether / if I spoke English

51. Definition and Comparasion

52. Definition
Quoted Speech.‐ It is
used to express what a
person have exactly
said in a moment with
exactly the same words.
Eg.‐ “I always
buy organic
food”
Reported Speech.‐ It is
used to report what
someone said earlier.
Eg.‐ He said he
always bought
organic food.

53. Comparison
• Eg.‐ She said
(that) she would
meet there.
• Eg.‐ She said she
would meet there.
• Eg‐ “I’ll meet you
here”‐ She said
that she would
meet there.
• Eg‐ “I’ll meet you
here”
Quoted speech
has quotation
marks; reported
speech does not
use quotation
marks.
In reported
speech, the
pronoun often
changes.
In reported
speech, the
word that is
often used after
said, but that
is optional.
The verb in
reported speech
is changed to
the past; some
modal verbs do
not change.

54. The different changes in verbal
tenses
Quoted Speech Reported Speech
“I always buy organic food” He said he always bought organic
food
“ I’m going to see my mother
tomorrow”
She told me she was going to see her
mother the next day
“ I’ve passed my exam” He said he had passed his exam
“We saw her at the station” They said they had seen her at the
station
“ I’ll meet you here” He said he would meet me there
“I can’t hear you” She said she couldn’t hear me
“We might be late” They said they might be late
“ I must be at midday” He said he had to leave at midday

56. QUOTED SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH
Definition
Comparison
Verb tenses, pronouns and changes
Examples

57. QUOTED SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH
Quoted Speech (Direct): A report of the exact words
used by a speaker or writer.
It writes between quotation
Reported Speech (Indirect): is used to communicate
what someone else said, but without using the exact
words.

58. TENSES
Direct Reported
Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Simple past Past
perfect
Past perfect Past perfect
Will Would
Can, may, would, could could,might,
would could

59. Times and Places References
Direct Reported
today, tonight that day, that night
now then
yesterday the day before
…days ago …days before
last week the week before
next year the following year
tomorrow the next day / the
following day
here there
this, these that, those

60. QUOTED SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH
Examples quoted speech/reported speech:
Fernando said, "I cook rice every day.“
Fernando said that she cooked rice every day.
Juan said, "I am cooking rice” now
Juan said that she was cooking rice then.
Jorge said, "I will cook rice” tomorrow
Jorge said that she would cook rice the next day

61. QUOTED SPEECH ‐ REPORTED SPEECH
Examples reported Speech:

62. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
Javier Victoria
Jesús Pérez

63. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
Differents
Quoted speech has quotation marks; reported speech does
not use quotation marks.
In reported speech, the pronoun often changes. For
example, in the above sentence with quoted speech the
pronoun I is used, whereas the sentence with reported
speech uses the pronoun he.
In reported speech, the word that is often used after said,
but that is optional.
Quoted speech is exactly what the person said.
The verb in reported speech is changed to the past; some
modal verbs do not change. There are rules to follow when
changing the verb. Please see the chart below.

64. REPORTED SPEECH
(NOT EXACT)
Joshua said, "I
love eating
chocolate ice
cream after
dinner."
Quoted Speech
(Exact)
Joshua said that he
loved eating
chocolate ice cream
after dinner.

65. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
The verbal tenses change
Present Past
Jordan said, "I
cook rice every
day."
Every day." Jordan
said that she cooked
rice every day.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Jordan said, "I
am cooking rice."
Jordan said that
she was cooking
rice.

66. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
Past Simple
Jordan said, "I
cooked rice.“
Present perfect
Jordan said, "I have
cooked rice.“
Past perfect
Jordan said, "I had
cooked rice."
Jordan said that
she had cooked
rice.
The past tenses all
use had + past
participle. To see a
list of irregular past
participles

67. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
Jordan said, "I
will cook
rice.“
Jordan said, "I
am going to
cook rice."
Jordan said
that she
would cook
rice.
Jordan said
that she
was going
to cook rice.

68. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
Jordan said, "I can
cook rice.“
Jordan said, "I may
cook rice.“
Jordan said, "I must
cook rice.”
Jordan said, "I have
to cook rice."
Jordan said that
she could cook
rice.
Jordan said, "I may
cook rice.“
Jordan said, "I
must cook rice.
Jordan said that
she had to cook
rice.

69. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
Should, ought to and might do not change
when used in reported speech.

70. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
For commands, use the word told instead of
said, and use an infinitive for the main verb.
Jordan said, "Cook rice.“
Jordan told me to cook rice

71. QUOTED SPEECH VS REPORTED SPEECH
In reported speech, the pronoun often
changes. For example, in the above
sentence with quoted speech the pronoun I
is used, whereas the sentence with reported
speech uses the pronoun he.
Joshua said,
“I need to
take a taxi.”
Joshua said that
he needed to take
a taxi.

72. REPORTED SPEECH

73. Quoted speech vs reported speech
definition and comparison
• Use reported speech to report what someone said
earlier. After a past tense reporting verb. e.g. said,
told, etc., the original verb often moves one tense
back (this is sometimes called “backshifting”).
‐ Direct or quoted speech is a sentence (or several
sentences) that reports speech or thought in its
original form, as phrased by the original speaker. It is
usually enclosed in quotation marks.

74. Quoted speech or direct speech with
examples
• “ I always buy organic food”
• “ I am going to see my mother
tomorrow”
• “I’ ve passed my exams”

75. Reported speech or indirect speech
with examples
• He said (that) he always bought organic
food
• She told me she was going to see her
mother the next day.
• She said she had passed her exams

76. Verb tenses, pronouns and other
changes in reported speech
• Ther may be other changes to pronouns,
possessive adjectives, and to references of
time or place.
‐ I’ll go = She said she would go
‐ It’s my car = He said it was his car.
‐ We’ll see you tomorrow= They said the
would see us the next day

77. • Must changes to had to, but musn’t doesn’t change.
‐ “We mustn’t be late” = They said they mustn’t be late.
• Could, would and might also don’t change in reported
speech.
‐ “We might see you later” = They said (that) they might
see us later.
• Say and tell are the most commun reporting verbs.
Note the different verb patterns.
‐ He told me that he’ d be late. She said (to me) that she
wanted to stay.

78. • Sometimes there is no need to change the
tenses (no backshift). This is the case when the
reporting verb is in the present tense.
‐ “I ‘ ll meet you at the airport” = He says he’ ll
meet us at the airport.
• If the information we are reporting is still true in
the present, we do not need to change the
tenses but if the reportin verb is in the past, we
can.
‐ “ It’ s a great film” = She said that it’s a great
film. (This is still true now) or she said that it was
a great film.

79. QUOTED SPEECH AND REPORTED
SPEECH
• Reported speech: definition.
• Reported speech: explanations.
• Quoted Speech: definition.
• Quoted Speech vs. Reported Speech: comparison.
• Verb tenses.
• Shifting/Conversion of Expressions of time, places and demonstratives.
• Quoted speech or direct speech with examples.
• Quoted speech or direct speech with examples.
Pili y Laura

80. Reported speech: definition
Reported Speech (also called Indirect Speech)
is used to communicate what someone else
said, but without using the exact words. A few
changes are necessary; often a pronoun has
to be changed and the verb is usually moved
back a tense, where possible. Read more at
http://www.usingenglish.com/

81. Reported speech: explanations.
1) If the introductory sentence starts in the present (Susan says), there is no
backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example:
Direct speech: Susan: "I work in an office."
Reported speech: Susan says (that) she works in an office.
2) If the introductory sentence starts in the past (Susan said), there is often
backshift of tenses in Reported speech. (see: Note)
Example:
Susan: "I work in an office."
Susan said (that) she worked in an office.

82. Quoted Speech: definition.
Quoted speech is EXACTLY what the person said.
Example:
Joshua said, “I need to take a taxi.”

83. Quoted Speech Reported Speech
Quoted speech is EXACTLY
what the person said.
Reported speech is NOT
EXACTLY what the person said.
It is like a summary or
paraphrase of what the
speaker said.
Quoted Speech vs. Reported Speech: comparison.

84. Backshift of tenses
from to
Simple Present Simple Past
Simple Past
Past PerfectPresent Perfect
Past Perfect
will would
Progressive forms
am/are/is was/were
was/were
had beenhas been
had been
Verb tenses
•If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported
speech.
•If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in Reported
speech.

85. Verb tenses
Backshift of tenses
from to
Peter: "I work in the garden." Peter said (that) he worked in the garden.
Peter: "I worked in the garden."
Peter said (that) he had worked in the garden.Peter: "I have worked in the garden."
Peter: "I had worked in the garden."
Peter: "I will work in the garden." Peter said (that) he would work in the garden.
Peter: "I can work in the garden." Peter said (that) he could work in the garden.
Peter: "I may work in the garden." Peter said (that) he might work in the garden.
Peter: "I would work in the garden."
(could, might, should, ought to)
Peter said (that) he would work in the garden.
(could, might, should, ought to)
Progressive forms
Peter: "I'm working in the garden." Peter said (that) he was working in the garden.
Peter: "I was working in the garden."
Peter said (that) he had been working in the garden.Peter: "I have been working in the garden."
Peter: "I had been working in the garden."

86. Shifting/Conversion of
Expressions of time, places and demonstratives.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Time Expressions
today that day
now then
yesterday the day before
… days ago … days before
last week the week before
next year the following year
tomorrow
the next day / the following
day
Place
here there
Demonstratives
this that
these those
Place, demonstratives and time
expressions change if the
context of the reported
statement (i.e. the location
and/or the period of time) is
different from that of the direct
speech.

87. Quoted speech or direct speech with examples.
Quoted Speech (EXACT)
Joshua said, "I love eating chocolate ice cream after dinner."
Reported Speech (NOT EXACT)
Joshua said that he loved eating chocolate ice cream after dinner.

88. Quoted speech or direct speech with examples.
Direct speech Reported speech
“I write poems.”
He says that he
writes poems.
“I write poems.” He said that he
wrote poems.

89. 1. Quoted speech vs reported speech definition
and comparison
2. Verb tenses, pronouns and other changes in
reported speech

90. 1. Quoted speech vs reported speech definition and comparison
If we report what another person has said, we can:
a) use the speaker’s exact words → direct speech/quoted speech
b) Report in other way → indirect speech/reported speech
Example:
Peter: I’m going to he cinema
Direct speech Indirect speech
"I'm going to the
cinema", he said.
He said he was going to
the cinema.

91. 2. Verb tenses, pronouns and other changes in reported speech
Direct speech Reported speech
Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuos
Simple Past
Past PerfectPresent Perfect
Past Perfect
will would
2. 1 Verb tenses

92. Direct speech Reported speech
Peter: "I work in the garden."
Peter said (that) he worked in
the garden.
Peter: “I am working in the
garden”
Peter said (that) he was
working in the garden.
Peter: "I worked in the
garden."
Peter said (that) he had
worked in the garden.
Peter: "I have worked in the
garden."
Peter: "I had worked in the
garden."
Peter: "I will work in the
garden."
Peter said (that) he would
work in the garden.
Examples:

93. Direct speech Indirect speech
can
She said, "I can teach English online."
could
She said she could teach English
online.
must
She said, "I must have a computer to
teach English online."
had to
She said she had to have a computer
to teach English online.
shall
She said, "What shall we learn today?"
should
She asked what we should learn today.
may
She said, "May I open a new
browser?"
might
She asked if she might open a new
browser.
More verb tenses

94. 2.2 Time references changes in reported speech
If the sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it as well.
this (evening) that (evening)
today/this day that day
these (days) those (days)
now then
(a week) ago (a week) before
last weekend
the weekend before / the
previous weekend
here there
next (week) the following (week)
tomorrow the next/following day

95. Direct speech Reported speech
Peter:"I teach English online." He said he taught English online.
Peter: “It’s my car” He said it was his car
2.3 Pronoun and possesive adjetives change