1. Fallacies: Begging the Question Appeal to Doubtful Authority Non Sequitur Emily Hurt, PJ Johnson, Paige Kramer, Sydney Settle, Madison Wathan

2. Begging the Question A logical fallacy that assumes in the premise what the arguer should be trying to prove in the conclusion Asks readers to agree that certain points are self-evident when they are not.

3. Murder is morally wrong. Therefore, abortion is morally wrong Executions are moral because we must have a death penalty to discourage violent crime It’s not uncommon to find religious arguments that commit the “Begging the Question” fallacy: It says in the Bible that God exists. Since the Bible is God’s word, and God never speaks falsely, then everything in the Bible must be true. So, God must exist examples

5. Citing people who may have name recognition but no authority on an issue References to experts or famous people are only valid when the person referred to is an expert in the area being discussed. Example: According to Ted Koppel, interest rates will remain low during the next fiscal year (Ted Koppel is not an expert in business or finance). Appeal to Doubtful Authority

7. Non Sequitur (It Does Not Follow) When a statement does not logically follow from a previous statement Examples: Bill lives in a large building, so his apartment must be large Tens of thousands of Americans have seen lights in the night sky which they could not identify. The existence of life on other planets is fast becoming certainty