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Sensory Perception and the Role of Receptors
- 4. Sequence of Events in a Receptor Stimulus Basic Function Amplification Integration, perception Receptor Protein Activated Enzyme Cascade (in some cases) Receptor Ion Channels opened (or closed) Receptor Current Receptor Potential Modulated Impulse Frequency in Second Order Neuron Reception Transduction Transmission Modulated Impulse Frequency in Receptor Cell Axon Modulated Transmitter Release from Receptor Cell
- 16. Receptor potentials : Changes in the transmembrane potential of a receptor caused by the stimulus. Generator Potential : A receptor potential that is strong enough (reaches threshold) to generate an action potential. Remember that APs are all-or-none . The stronger the sitmulus (above threshold) the more APs are fired over a given time period; this is translated by the CNS as a strong sensation. Receptor/Generator Potential
- 34. Each type of receptor is highly sensitive to one type of stimulus for which it is designed and yet is almost nonresponsive to normal intensities of other type of stimuli. The stimulus to which a given receptor has the lowest threshold is termed the adequate stimulus of the sensory receptor. . Adequate Stimulus of Sensory Receptors
- 41. STMULUS LOCATION
- 48. Sensory Adaptation is one form of Integration Phasic receptors quickly adapt. The frequency of action potentials diminishes or stops if the stimulus is unchanging. Tonic receptors adapt slowly or not at all. Most exteroreceptors (receptors that monitor the external environment) are phasic receptors .
- 51. Encoding of Sensory Receptor The quality of the stimulus is encoded in the frequency of the action potentials transmitted down the afferent fibre and the number of sensory receptors activated.
- 52. Stretch Receptors: Weak stretch causes low impulse frequency on neuron leaving receptor. Strong stretch causes high impulse frequency on neuron leaving receptor. Time Membrane potential Frequency Code
- 57. 10-25
- 58. THE END
Notas do Editor
- Baroreceptor: One of the pressure-sensitive nerve endings in the walls of the atria of the heart, the vena cava, the aortic arch and the carotid sinus. They stimulate central reflex mechanisms that allow physiological adjustment and adaptation to changes in blood pressure via vasodilatation or vascoconstriction. Further example of tonic receptors: Muscle stretch receptors, which monitor muscle length, and joint proprioceptors, which measure the degree of joint flexion. To maintain posture and balance, CNS must continuously be apprised of the degree of muscle length and joint position.