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Andhra Valasa Palanalo Telangana (1) 1
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q=ÚH˜Î Hõey#O^Œ∞# "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® Ѷ∞¨ #OQÍ ¡ « L`«û"åÅ∞ [~°∞ѨىõΩ<åfl~°∞. HÍx x*ÏO x~°O‰õΩâ◊`fiO #∞O_ç q=ÚH˜Î « `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï Kåi„`«Hõ <ÕÑ^ºŒè O ¨ ÅaèOK«#O^Œ∞# `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ[Å∞ =∂„`«O x~åâß xã¨Ê $ǨÏÖ’¡ =ÚxyáÈÜ«∂~°∞. ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨O|~åÖ’¡ =ÚxyáÈ~Ú# PO„^è∞Å∞ Œ =O^ŒÅ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ <≥*ÏO áêÅ#Ö’ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åRO · · `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ[Å ¿ãfiKåÛù ™êfi`«O„`åºÅ QÆ∞iOz PÖ’zOK«Ö^∞. Ë Œ 16 lÖÏ¡Å∞ (8 `≥ÅOQÍ} lÖÏ¡Å∞, 5 =∞~åÏfi_® lÖÏ¡Å∞, 3 Hõ~åfl@Hõ lÖÏ¡Å∞) Hõey =¸_»∞ ÉèÏ+¨Å „Ѩ[Å`À LO_Õk. "åi ^ÕâßxH˜ ™êfi`«O„`«ºO =KåÛˆH x*ÏO x~°O‰õΩâ◊`fiO =∞iO`« « "åi ÉèÏ+¨Å∞, PKå~° =º=Ǩ~åÅ∞ "Õ~<å-WzÛ Ñ¨ÙK«∞Û‰õΩ<Õ ^èÀ~°}`À Ô· ˜ ÃÑiyáÈ~ÚOk. `≥ Å OQÍ} „Ѩ [ Å ™êfi`« O „`« º áÈ~åÏxfl „Ѩ[Å∞ ã¨ÇÏr=#O ™êyã¨∂=KåÛ~°∞. ¨ Î L‰õΩ¯áê^ŒO`À J}˜z"ÕÜ«∂Åx x~°‚~ÚOK«_»O`À „Ѩ[Å HõëêìÅ∞ „Ѩã∞`O PO„^è„Œ Ѩ^âò ~åROÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ L#fl `≥ÅOQÍ} ¨Î « Õ `å~å™ê÷ ~ ÚH˜ KÕ ~ ° ∞ ‰õ Ω <åfl~Ú. ^•xH˜ `À_» ∞ MÏã≤ O ~° r fi 1724 #∞O_ç 1948 =~°‰Ω 224 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞ x*ÏOáêÅ#Ö’ õ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiOÖ’x ~°*ÏHÍ~°∞Å∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ôʼnõΩ, ǨÏ`åºHÍO_»‰õΩ, LO_Õk. x*ÏO #∞O_ç q=ÚH˜Î HõeyOK«_®xH˜ WHõ¯_ç „Ñ¨[Å∞ ÉèÏ+¨`À J`åºKå~åʼnõΩ áêÅÊ_»_»O`À „Ѩ[Å∞ k‰õΩ¯ÖËx Ѩ‰õ∆ΩÖÏ¡QÍ xq∞`«ÎO ÖˉõΩO_® Z<≥fl<ÀflHõëêìÅ∞ Ѩ_®eû=zÛOk. ÖˇHõ¯ÖË#O`« =Åã¨"àϧeû =zÛOk. PO„^è• „áêO`åʼnõΩ =Åã¨áÈ~Ú# `≥ÅOQÍ} ≥ =∞Ok áÈ~å_ç „áê}ÏÅ#∞ JiÊOKå~°∞. „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ Hõh㨠=∞~åº^Œ ^ŒHõ¯HõáÈQÍ "åix JOk# HÍ_çH˜ ^Õâ◊ ™êfi`«O„`«ºO <å˜ãu ÷≤ ^ÀK«∞HÀ=_»OÖ’ PO„^è∞Œ Å∞ `«=∞KÕu"åÏxfl „Ѩ^i≈OKå~°∞. <åQÆÑÓ~ü Œ ¨ PQÆã∞ì¨ 15, 1947# ^Õâ◊ „Ѩ[ÅO`å ™êfi`«O„`«º "Õ_∞HõÖ’¡ » ÖÏO˜ `≥Å∞ˆQ`«~° „áêO`åʼnõΩ "≥o§# `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ =∂„`«O =ÚxyáÈÜ«∂~°∞. PO„^è∞Å∞ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ L#fl =∞^Œ~åã¨∞ ~å„ëêìxH˜ Œ JѨÓ~°fi"≥∞# P^Œ~} ÅaèOzOk. ÿ ° Hõeã¨∞O^•=∞x q#fláêÅ∞ – HÍ*Ë^•Ì=∞x =∞# áêÅ∞ 1 #n#^•Å ^•~°∞Å∞ =∞#q – #n[ÖÏÅ ^•~°Å∞ "åiq 2 ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞‰õΩ ¿ãfiKåÛù, ™êfi`«O„`åºÅ∞ ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ} "åiH˜ WOw¡+π ~å^Œ#fl ‰õΩO˜ ™ê‰õΩ`À <≥*ÏO „áêO`« „Ѩ[Å Z_»`Qx áÈ~åÏÅ =Å#, ÉèÏ~°`« · ≥Æ q∞e@s, ã≤qÖò áêʼnõΩÅ∞ qK«Hõ∆}Ï~°Ç≤Ï`«OQÍ L^ÀºQÍÅÖ’ „ѨÉ∞`«fi K«~º° Å =Å#, ã¨~åú~ü Ѩ>Öò KåHõKHºõ O =Å# x*ÏOÃÑ· íè Ë « PO„^è∞Å#∞ xOáê~°∞. JÖÏ xÜ«∞q∞OK«|_»¤ JO„^è∞Å∞, "≥#∞"≥O@<Õ Œ Œ XuÎ_Ãç ÑiyOk. 1948 ÃãÃÑO|~ü 13# ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£ÃÑ· áÈbã¨∞ ì · `«=∞"åix Ñ≤eÑ≤OK«∞H˘x =∞ixfl L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ `«=∞"åiˆH K«~º° „áê~°OÉè"∞Ok. ÃãÃÑO|~ü 17# z=i x*ÏO g∞~ü L™ê‡<£ í ≥ÿ ì Hõ@ÉÏì~∞° . JÖÏ J„Hõ=∞OQÍ L^ÀºQÍÅÖ’ ã≤~Ñ_¤» PO„^è∞Œ Å∞ `«=∞#∞ ì ˇ ÷° ¨ JbMÏ<£ ÖÁOyáÈÜ«∂_»∞. nx`À ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£‰Ω q=ÚH˜Î Hõey, · õ `å=Ú ã¨OѶ¨∞ ã¨O㨯~°ÎÅ∞QÍ =i‚OK«∞H˘x, `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ[ÅÃÑ· ^ÕâßxH˜ ™êfi`«O„`«ºO ÅaèOz# ã¨O=`«û~°O `«~åfi`« WHõ¯_ç „Ñ¨[ʼnõΩ JkèHÍ~° ^Œ~åÊxfl „Ѩ^i≈OK«_O „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. =Úb¯ x|O^è#Å∞ Œ » Œ ™êfi`«O„`«ºO ÅaèOzOk. J=∞Å∞Ö’ L#flѨʘH˜ PO„^è∞Å∞ ^˘OQÆ ã¨iÑH@¡`À L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ Œ ì ˆ≤¶ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£ ~å„ëêìxH˜ x*ÏO #∞O_ç q=ÚH˜Î Hõey#ѨʘH˜ · ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞HÀ=_®xfl WHõ¯_ç „Ñ¨[Å∞ `˘O^Œ~QÍ<Õ Ñ¨ãQÏì~∞° . Ѷe`«OQÍ ° ≤Æ ¨ ã¨fi`«O„`« ÉèÏ~°`^âOÖ’ U~åROÖ’ ÖËx q^èOQÍ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù <åÅ∞QÆ∞ « Õ ◊ Œ ''ÔQ~ü =Úb¯ - QÀÉϺH±—— JO@∂ L^Œºq∞OKå~°∞. ''W_ô¡ - ™êOÉÏ~ü · ã¨O=`«û~åÅ áê@∞, JO>Ë 1952Ö’ ZxflHõÅ∞ [iy |∂~°∞æÅ QÀÉϺH±——, ''QÀOQÆ∂~° ѨKÛ_ç QÀÉϺH±—— ÖÏO˜ x<å^•Å∞ JѨC_Õ « ~å=∞Hõ $ ëê‚ ~ å=Ù =ÚYº=∞O„uQÍ ZxflHõ Ü Õ ∞ ºO`« =~° ‰ õ Ω , ѨÙ@∞ì H˘KåÛ~Ú. „Ѩ*τѨÉ∞`åfixH˜ WHõ¯_ç „Ñ¨[Å∞ <ÀK«∞HÀÖË^∞. íè Œ =Úb¯ L^Œº=∞O qâßÖÏO„^Ö’<Õ „Ñ*Ï~å[º™ê÷Ñ#‰õΩ áÈ~å@O KÕ™êÎ=∞O@∞#fl Œè ¨ ¨ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ìÅ∞ ɡOQÍÖòÖ’ Uáê˜ Jaè=$kúx ™êkèOK«QeyO„_∞» ? Æ 1948 #∞O_ç 52 =~°‰õΩ <åÅ∞ˆQà◊§áê@∞ q∞e@s, `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "ÕÔ~·`Õ ã¨∞uÎ "≥Ú`«Î#O@∞#fl^•? H˘_=e » ã≤qÖò JkèHÍ~°∞Å áêÅ<å HÍÖÏxfl Pã¨~åKÕã¨∞H˘x =∞^Œ~åã¨∞ P_»#O@∞#fl^•? `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "ÕÔ~·`Õ g∞ áÈ~åÏxH˜ J_Õq∞˜? ¤ ~åROÖ’x PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ J<ÕHõ =∞Ok WHõ¯_»‰õΩ=zÛ L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ -HÍà’l `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`«ÑÙ¨ ѨÖÅ∞ – PO„^è• áêʼnõΩÅ =ÚÖˇÅ∞ ¡ˇ ¡ 3 ã¨"∞≥ Yº ~å¢+O`À ^ŒQÍ – ÖˉΩõ O_® áÈ~ÚOk *ÏQÍ ÿ ì¨ 4
3.
PO„^è~åRO U~åÊ@∞
Œ PO„^èŒ „Ѩ^Õâò U~åÊ@∞‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞#fl Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Å∞ =∞^Œ~åã¨∞ ~åROÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ L#fl PO„^è∞Å∞ L^ÀºQÆ Œ 1948Ö’ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åRO, 1953Ö’ PO„^è~åRO · Œ ~°OQÆOÖ’, =#~°∞Ö’¡ `«=∞#∞ `«q∞à◊√Å∞ ^ÀÑ≤_H˜ QÆ∞iKÕã∞<åfl~°x ô ¨Î "Õ~∞"Õ~∞QÍ U~åÊ>ˇ# `«~∞"å`« PO„^è∞Å∞ ÉèÏëê„ѨÜÚHõÎ ~å„ëêìÅ ° ° ÿ ° Œ « „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ ~åR L^Œº=∂xH˜ #_»∞OayOKå~°∞. á⁄˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞ „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ ѨÅqx JO^Œ∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. Hõ~∞° =ÙHÍÅOÖ’ XÅ¡#x ѨOÑ≤Oz# "≥ÚQÆ_∞» , ¡ JO„^è~åRO H˘~°‰Ω 1952 JHÀì|~ü 19# P=∞~°} x~åǨ~°nHõ∆ Œ õ ѨO@HÍÅOÖ’ ѨOÑ≤OK«=∞x J_çy#@∞¡ x*ÏO#∞O_ç ™êfi`«O„`åºxfl „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. ~å[^è•x ã¨=∞㨺`À áê@∞, Pi÷Hõ ã¨=∞㨺Å∞ á⁄O^Œ_OÖ’HÍx, ~°*ÏHÍ~°∞Å J~åK«HÍÅ#∞O_ç ~°HOK«_OÖ’HÍx » ∆˜ » Z^Œ∞~°=Ù`åÜ«∞x TÇ≤ÏOz#ѨʘH˜ „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ PO„^èŒ ~åRO W=fi_®xH˜ HO„^Œ „ѨÉ∞`«fiO JOwHõiOzOk. HÍx =∞^Œ~åã¨∞ #QÆ~OÖ’ ÉèÏQÆO ˆ íè ° ѨOK«∞HÀx PO„^è∞Œ Å∞, ÉèÏëê „Ñ¨ÜÚHõÎ ~å„ëêìŠѨÅq`À '' JO^Œin ì˜ « ¡ ~Ú"åfiÅx HÀ~°∞`«∂ `«# x~åǨ~°nHõ#∞ H˘#™êyOz 63= ~ÀA ∆ `≥Å∞ˆQ——#x, `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ[Å∞ ‰õÄ_® `«=∞"åˆ~#x HõÑ@„¿Ñ=∞#∞ ¨ _çÃãO|~ü 15# á⁄˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞ „áê}`åºQÆOKÕâß~°∞. nO`À XÅHõÉ’âß~°∞. `≥Å∞QÆ∞ =∂Ï¡_Õ "å~°O^ŒiH˜ XˆH ~å„ëêìxfl U~åÊ@∞ „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ ~åR L^Œº=∞O f„=~°∂ѨO^•eÛOk. HO„^Œ „ѨÉ∞íè `«fiO ky=zÛ ˆ KÕÜ∂Å<Õ |∂@HõÑÙ¨ x<å^•xfl =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ `≥KåÛ~°∞. qâßÖÏO„^èŒ « 1953 JHÀì|~ü1# =∞^Œ~åã¨∞ ~åROÖ’#∞O_ç PO„^è∞Å#∞ q_»nã≤,Œ U~åÊ@∞#∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}"åã¨∞Å∞ =ºuˆ~H˜ã¨∂Î<Õ =KåÛ~°∞. W^Õ „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ PO„^èŒ ~å„ëêìxfl U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ∞« _»"∞≥ #k. =∞^Œ~åã¨∞ #QÆ~OÖ’ ÿ ° ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® qâßÖÏO„^èŒ U~åÊ@∞‰õΩ `«O^•# ì PO„^è‰Ω ÉèÏQÆO HÍ"åÅ#fl ÅHõ∆ ºO`À nHõ∆ H˘#™êyOz, 1952Ö’ Œõ ѨÅHõ_O`À PO„^è•<åÜ«∞Hõ`fiO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ "å^•xH˜ =∞iO`« |ÅO » « á⁄˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞ K«xáÈQÍ, qâßÖÏO„^èŒ U~åÊ@∞ H˘~°‰Ωõ „áê}`åºQÆO KÕ‰ÄiOk. JO`ÕH͉õΩO_® ™êfi`«O„`åº#O`«~O U~åÊ>ˇ# ~å„ëêìÅÖ’ õ ° ÿ KÕã#@∞¡QÍ <Õ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ =i‚OK«_O K«i„`«#∞ =„H©HiOK«_"∞ ≤ ˜ » õ » Õ ‰õÄ_® JHõ¯_»H¯õ _» ÉèÏëê„ѨÜÚHõÎ ~å„ëêìÅ "å^ŒO =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ =zÛOk. « `«ÑÊ "Õ~∞ HÍ^Œ∞. ¨ ° =∂@Ö’¡ =∞#=∞O`å J#fl^Œ=Ú‡Å∞ – KÕ`Ö’¡ K«∂âßOQÍ L#fl ^Œ=Ú‡Å∞ « 5 qâßÖÏO„^èŒ U~åÊ@∞ |Å=O`«O – q_»nã≤ KÕ^•ÌO ѶÅ=O`«O ¨ 6 nO`À P<å˜ ˆHO„^Œ „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO ã¨∞„Ѷ‘O HÀ~°∞ì [_ç˚ Ѷ¨[Öò Jb ~å„ëêìŠѨÙ#~üx~å‡}O H˘~°‰Ω xÜ«∞q∞Oz# Ѷ[Öò Jb Hõg∞+¨<£ õ ¨ J^躌 Hõ`# 1953Ö’ ~å„ëêìŠѨÙ#ifl~å‡}ÏxÔH· Hõg∞+¨<#∞ U~åÊ@∞ ∆ « £ "≥e|∞zÛ# Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å∞: KÕãOk. J^Õ Zãπ.P~ü.ã≤ (¿ãò s P~°<*+<£ Hõg∞+¨<). ^ÕâOÖ’x ≤ ì æ ·≥ Ë ¨ £ ◊ 1. qb<åxfl =ºuˆ~H˜OK«_®xH˜ K«∂Ñ≤Oz# HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞ : (qb#O`À `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ [iˆQ #ëêìÅ∞) qq^èŒ „áêO`åÅ#∞ Ѩ~º° ˜Oz, ~å„ëêìŠѨÙ#~üx~å‡}ÏxH˜ `«y# ★ Z‰õΩ¯= Jaè=$kú K≥Ok# „áêO`«O`À, `«‰õΩ¯= Jaè=$kú ã¨∂K«#Å∞-ã¨ÅǨÅ∞ W"åfiÅ#fl^Õ D Hõg∞+¨<£ „Ѩ^•# ÉÏ^躌 `«. è K≥Ok# „áêO`åxfl HõÅѨ_O ã¨=∞~°hÜ«∞O HÍ^Œ∞. » ÷ PO^Œ∞Ö’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ<Õ D Hõg∞+¨<£ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞, PO„^èŒ ~å„ëêìÅÖ’ · ★ Ö’@∞ |_≥ò`À L#fl PO„^èŒ ~å¢ëêìxfl q∞QÆ∞Å∞ |_≥ò`À ˚ ˚ Ѩ~º° ˜Oz „Ѩ[Å, ~å[H©Ü∞ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å#∞ ¿ãHõiOz « L#fl ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£ ~å¢+O`À HõeÑ≤`,Õ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£ ~å¢+O · ì¨ · ì¨ `«# x"ÕkHõ#∞ HO„^Œ „ѨÉ∞`åfixH˜ ã¨=∞iÊOzOk. P x"ÕkHõÖ’ ˆ íè #+¨áÈHõ `«ÑÊ^Œ∞. ì ¨ ★ „a˜+π áêÅ#Ö’ Ѩ٘ì ÃÑiy# PO„^è∞ʼnõΩ q^•º=HÍâßÅ∞ Œ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åROÖ’x 8 `≥Å∞QÆ∞ =∂Ï¡_Õ lÖÏ¡Å#∞ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ JkèHOQÍ L#flO^Œ∞#, x*ÏO HÍÅOÖ’ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ x¿+^èO, õ Œ ~åROQÍ U~°Ê~°KåÅx, ^•xH˜ ''ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åRO—— Jx L~° ∂ Ì <Õ Ñ ¨ ^ ä Œ º OÖ’ J~° H ˘~° K« ^ Œ ∞ =ÙÅ∞ K« k q# <å=∞Hõ~°}O KÕÜ«∂Åx ã¨∂zOzOk. D U~åÊ@∞#∞ J~Ú^Œ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}"åi`À HõÅѨ_»O =Å# L^ÀºQÍÅxflO˜h ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞ ѨsH˜Oz, P `«~∞"å`« XHõ "Õà◊ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ ~åR ∆ ° · PO„^è∞ÖË ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩ<Õ J=HÍâ◊O =ÙOk. Œ âßã¨#ã¨ÉÖ’ =¸_çO@ ~O_»∞=O`«∞Å =∞Ok JOwHõi¿ãÎ JѨC_»∞ íè Ô ★ ѨšѨ٠„áêO`«OQÍ L#fl PO„^茄áêO`åxˆH #n[ÖÏÅhfl qxÜ≥ ∂ yOK« | _Õ J=HÍâ◊ = Ú#flO^Œ ∞ # `≥ Å OQÍ}‰õ Ω PO„^èŒ ~åROÖ’ qb#O HÍ=K«∞Û#x `«# x"ÕkHõÖ’ ã¨∂zOzOk. h˜=#~°∞ÅÖ’ <åºÜ«∞O [~°∞QÆ^∞. Œ =∂ Éè∂=ÚÅ∞ z#flÉ’Ü«∂~Ú `«_®i – K«∂ã¨∂áÈ`Õ `«fi~°Ö’<Õ =∞~À Z_®i í Î 7 áêʼnõΩÅO`å xOk`«∞Å∞ – áêe`«∞ÅO`å |Ok`«∞Å∞ 8
4.
2.qb<åxH˜ J#∞‰õÄÖÏOâßÅ∞: (qb#O`À
PO„^è‰Ωõ HõeQ ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞) Œ ˆ [=Ǩ~üÖÏÖò <≥„Ǩ˙ Jaè„áêÜ«∞O : ★ PO„^èŒ ~å„ëêìxH˜ ~å[^è•x ã¨=∞㨺 L#flO^Œ∞#, ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£ · 1953 PO„^èŒ ~åRO U~åÊ@∞ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ qâßÖÏO„^èŒ JѨʘˆH Jaè=$kú K≥Ok L#flO^Œ∞#, Ô~O_»∞ ~å¢ëêìÅ x<å^ŒOÃÑ· <≥„Ǩ˙ QÍ~°∞ f„=OQÍ =ºuˆ~H˜OKå~°∞. P<å˜ Hõ~∂flÖò ° qb#O`À PO„^èŒ ~å¢ëêìxH˜ L#fl ~å[^è•x ã¨=∞㨺 „ÃÑãπ HÍ#ÊùÔ~<£ûÖ’ ''qâßÖÏO„^èŒ x<å^ŒO "≥#∞Hõ ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞} Ѩiëê¯~°=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. L^Õ Ì â ◊ º Ѩ Ó i`« ™ê„=∂[º"å^Œ `« ` « fi =ÚO^Œ x —— ÉÏǨ @OQÍ ★ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ Yx[ =#~°∞Å∞ qiqQÍ L#flѨʘH˜ PǨ~° „ѨH OKå~°∞. `«^#O`«~O 1955 =~°‰Ω [iy# PO„^èŒ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ õ ˜ Œ ° õ ã¨=∞㨺 =ÙOk. PO„^èÖ’ PǨ~åxH˜ H˘~°`« ÖË#ѨʘH˜ Yx[ Œ Ǩg∞Å∞, XuÎ_»∞ʼnõΩ ÖÁOy 1955 =∂iÛ 5 # x*Ï=∂ÉÏ^£ =#~°∞Å H˘~°`« =ÙOk. ~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅ qb#O`À W~°∞ Ô ã¨ÉÖ’ =∂Ï¡_∞`«∂ '' `≥ÅOQÍ}-PO„^èŒ „áêO`åÅ∞ Hõeã≤ LO>Ë, íè » „áêO`åÅ ã¨=∞㨺Å∞ Ѩiëê¯~°=∞=Ù`å~Ú. á⁄O`«#‰õΩ^Œ~HáÈ`Õ q_®‰õΩÅ∞ WK«∞Û‰õΩ#fl>Ë¡ H˘O`«HÍÅO `«~åfi`« °õ q_çáÈ=K«∞Û#x—— J<åfl~°∞. (WHõ¯_ç Yx[ =#~°∞Å∞ PO„^è∞Œ ʼnõΩ LѨÜ∂QÆÑ_®¤Ü∞Õ ≥ ¨ ÃÑ^Œ=∞#∞+¨µºÅ XѨÊO^ŒO Ì `«ÑÊ, JHõ¯_ç PǨ~° ^è•<åºÅ∞ =∂„`«O WHõ¯_ç „Ñ¨[ʼnõΩ ^ŒH¯õ ÖË^∞Œ ) ¨ F"≥ÑÙ¨ Ѷ[Öò Jb Hõq∞+¨<£ ~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅ#∞ Hõe¿Ñ · ¨ Ô Hõg∞+¨<£ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ ~å„ëêìxfl „Ѩ`ºÕ HõOQÍ<Õ LOKåÅ<Õ · Ѩiã≤`∞Å∞ ÖË=x `ÕeÛK≥ÑÊQÍ, =∞~À "≥ÑÙ¨ HO„^Œ „ѨÉ∞`«fiO ‰õÄ_® ÷ « ¨ · ˆ íè ã≤áê~°ã∞¨ Å`À `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ[Ö’¡ ã¨O`À+¨O "≥eqiã≤Ok. qâßÖÏO„^èŒ ¡ Uq∞ KÕÜ«∂Ö’ `ÕÅ∞ÛHÀÖËx _ÀÖÏÜ«∞=∂#ã≤÷uÖ’ LO_»QÍ, U~åÊ@∞ÔH· Z^Œ∞~°∞K«∂ã≤# PO„^è∞ʼnõΩ x~åâ◊ HõeyOk. PO„^è~åR Œ Œ PO„^èŒ<åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO `«=∞ѨÅ∞‰õΩ|_çx „ѨÜ≥∂yOz ˆHO„^•xfl ~å[H©Ü∞« <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ HO„^ŒOÃÑ· `«=∞ XuÎ_x ÃÑOK«_®xH˜ <å@HÍÅ∞ ˆ ç ã¨=∞‡uOѨ*¿Ë 㠄ѨÜ∞`«flOÖ’ LO_»QÍ, PO„^è<åÜ«∞‰õΩŠǨg∞ʼnõΩ, « Œ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. J^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ qâßÖÏO„^èŒ U~°Ê_»∞`«∞O^Õ"∂##fl ≥ „Ѩ֒ÉèÏʼnõΩ H˘O^Œ~∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ ÖÁOyáÈ~Ú, ã¨"∞Hºõ ° ≥ÿ ÉèÜ∞O`À `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ =∞~À™êi „Ѩ*Ï L^Œº=∞O |Ü«∞Å∞^ÕiOk. í « ~åR U~åÊ@∞#∞ ã¨=∞‡uã¨∂Î ÃÑ^Œ=∞#∞+¨µºÅ XѨÊO^•xH˜ ã≤^Ñ_®¤~∞° . Ì ÌŒ ¨ ѨOKå~Úf ZÅHõ<˘¡KÛÕ – =∞#‰õΩ |∂@HõÑÙ¨ Qͺãπ Hõ<H<˘¡KÛ≥ ∆ ≥ ∆õ 9 áêeOKå~°∞ PO„^è∞Œ Å∞ UÉè·ˇ Uà◊√§ – q_»∞=Hõ `«Ñʨ ÖË^∞Œ =∞#O L#fl Tà◊√§ 10 1956 Ö’ ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^£, PO„^èŒ ~å¢ëêìÅ =ÚYº=∞O„`«∞Å · ★ áêÅ<å =ºÜ«∂xfl PO„^è–`≥ÅOQÍ}Å∞ 2 : 1 x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ Œ J^躌 Hõ`# ‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞Û‰õΩ#fl XѨÊO^ŒOÖ’ PO„^èŒ ~å¢+O `«~ÑÙ¨ # ɡ["å_» ∆ « ì¨ ° ÉèíiOKåe. q∞ye# `≥ÅOQÍ} P^•Ü«∂xfl `≥ÅOQÍ} QÀáêÖò ~_ç,¤ hÅO ã¨Or=Ô~_ç,¤ JÅ∂¡i ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞} ~åA, Ô Jaè=$kúH qxÜ≥∂yOKåe. ˆ Q“`«∞ ÅK«Û#flÅ∞ áêÖÁæ#QÍ, `≥ÅOQÍ} ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞QÍ |∂~°∞æÅ (Ö’@∞ |_≥ò`À qb#"≥∞# PO„^èŒ ~å¢+O ã¨"∞≥ Hºõ ~å¢+OÖ’ ˚ ÿ ì¨ ÿ ì¨ ~å=∞Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù, H˘O_® "≥OHõ@~°OQÍÔ~_ç,¤ =∞„i K≥<åflÔ~_ç,¤ *ˇ.q. `«#=O`«∞ "åÏ<Õ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°ÛÖËHõáÈ~Ú#O^Œ∞=Å#, #iûOQÆ~å=ÙÅ∞ ã¨O`«HÍÅ∞ KÕâß~°∞. `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`« q∞QÆ∞Å∞ PO„^èŒ „áêO`«ÑÙ¨ áêÅ<å =ºÜ«∞O XѨÊO^ŒOÖ’x „Ѩ^•# JOâßÅ∞ : („ÉÏÔH@¡Ö’ LÅ¡OѶ∞#Å∞) è ¨ "åÏ „H˜O^Õ Y~°Û~ÚOk.) ★ XHõ „áêO`åxH˜ =ÚYº=∞O„u Ѩ^q Åaè¿ãÎ =∞~À „áêO`åxH˜ Œ ★ qâßÖÏO„^è#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ XHõ"à◊ L^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ Œ Õ LѨ =ÚYº=∞O„u Ѩ^q ^ŒHͯe. ǨϟO, Pi÷H,õ ~"≥#∂º, Œ Ô `˘ÅyOKåeû=¿ãÎ `«y# x+¨ÊuÎÖ’<Õ `˘ÅyOKåe. „Ѩ}ÏoHõ, "å}˜[ºO, Ѩi„â◊=∞Å âßYÖ’¡ U"Õx Ô~O_»∞ âßYÅ#∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "åiH˜ JѨÊyOKåe. (`˘ÅyOKÕ Ñ¨iã≤÷u `«Öˇ`«Î#O^Œ∞#, H˘`«ÎQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ (PO„^è‰Ωõ K≥Ok# ã¨Or=Ô~_çH˜ =ÚYº=∞O„u Ѩ^q ^ŒH¯õ QÍ, Œ ¤ Œ L^ÀºQÍÖ’¡ ^˘OQÆ ã¨iÑH@¡`À PO„^è∞Œ ÖË xÜ«∞q∞OK«|_®¤~∞° .) ì Ô≤¶ `≥ Å OQÍ}‰õ Ω ^Œ H ͯeû# LѨ = ÚYº=∞O„u Ѩ ^ Œ q x ★ L^ÀºQÆ∞Å xÜ«∂=∞HÍÖ’¡ [<åÉèÏ x+¨ÊuÎx „áêuѨkHõQÍ ~°^Œ∞ÌKÕâß~°∞.) fã¨∞HÀ"åe. ★ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ =∞^Œºáê# x¿+^•xfl `≥ÅOQÍ} âßã¨#ã¨É∞ºÅ∞ íè (`≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ ~å=Åã≤# 5 ÅHõ∆Å L^ÀºQÍÖ’¡ 2 ÅHõ∆Å∞ HÀi# q^èOQÍ J=∞Å∞ KÕÜ∂e. Œ « PO„^è∞Œ Å∞ `«#∞flHõáÈÜ«∂~°∞.) (`≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ =∞^Œºáê#O J=∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O, PO„^èŒÖ’ ★ ÃÇ· Ï ^Œ ~ åÉÏ^Œ ∞ ~å¢+¨ ì O Ö’x q^•º=HÍâßÅ#∞ WHõ ¯ _ç x¿+^•xfl qkè O K« _ » O `À `≥ Å OQÍ} #∞O_ç JOk# q^•º~°∞ÅH ^ŒH¯ÖÏ K«∂_®e. `≥ÅOQÍ}ÏÖ’x ™êOˆHuHõ ÷ ˆ ˆ P^•Ü«∂xfl PO„^èŒ „áêO`«O Ö’@∞‰õΩ ÉèsÎ KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ<åfl~°∞) í q^•º ã¨Oã¨÷Ö’¡ „Ѩ"Õâ◊O WHõ¯_ç q^•º~°∞÷ňH Ѩiq∞`«O JO^Œih ã¨=∂#O KÕ™êÎ=∞x X@∞ì – ZH˜¯OKå~°∞ WO`«HÍÅO =Ú#QÆK@∞ì ≥ 11 KÕÜ∂Å#∞O^Œ@ „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ ¿ã= – Z=iH˜ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞ÖË JkèHÍ~° Ü«∂= « 12
5.
KÕÜ∂e. Z˜ì Ѩiã≤`∞Ö’¡
~åRO "≥Ú`«O g∞^Œ L#fl q^•º « ÷ « Î `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêOfÜ«∞ =∞O_»e ã≤á¶ê~°ã¨∞Å∞ Z#fl_»∂ ™œHõ~åºÅÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ} q^•º~°∞ʼnõΩ =¸_çO@ XHõ =O`«∞‰õΩ ÷ ÖˇH¯õ KÕÜ∞« ‰õΩO_® LÅ¡OѶ∞≤ OKå~°∞.) `«QÆæ‰õΩO_® K«∂_®e. D Ô~O_çO˜Ö’ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ Uk ★ `≥ Å OQÍ}Ö’x =º=™êÜ« ∞ Éè í ∂ =ÚÅ#∞ PO„^è Œ ∞ Å∞ W+¨"∞`Õ ^•xx ZOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û. ì ≥ÿ H˘#∞QÀÅ∞KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. (`«ÑÙ¨ Ê_»∞ =Úb¯ ã¨iÑH@¡`À PO„^è∞Œ ÖË JkèHOQÍ WHõ¯_ç ì Ô≤¶ õ (h˜ áê~°∞^ŒÅ =ã¨u L#fl Éè∂=ÚÅ∞, #Å¡~QÆ_ç <ÕÅÅ∞ í ˆ q^•º=HÍâßÅ#∞ qxÜ≥∂yOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞). KåÖÏ=~°‰Ωõ PO„^è∞Œ Å Pnè#OÖ’H˜ "≥àϧ~Ú). ★ L^ÀºQÍÅÖ’ 2 : 1 x+¨ÊuÎx áê˜OKåe. ★ Hͺa<≥ò =∞O„`«∞Å xÜ«∂=∞HõO 3:2 x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ [~°QÍe. (WHõ¯_ç"åiH˜ ã¨iÜ≥ÿ∞# `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ~å^Œx, Jxfl âßYÅÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ K≥Ok# =∞O„`«∞Ö’¡ XHõ~∞ =Úã≤O =∞`«ã∞_∞ ° ¡ ¨Î » PO„^è∞Œ Å<Õ xOáê~°∞) LO_®e. ★ L^ÀºQÆ xÜ« ∂ =∞HÍʼnõ Ω 12 㨠O =`« û ~åÅ x"å㨠O `«ÑÊxã¨iQÍ áê˜OKåe. ¨ ZÖÏÔQ`<q∞ „Ѩ*Ïaè„áêÜ«∂xH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ `≥ÅOQÍ} · Õ Õ (x|O^è Œ # #∞ Ѩ ~ ° º "Õ H ˜ ∆ O Kåeû# "å~° O `å PO„^è Œ ∞ ÖË „áêO`åxfl |Å=O`«OQÍ PO„^èŒ ~åRO`À HõeÑ≤ 1956 #=O|~ü J~Ú#O^Œ∞# `«Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ x"å㨠Ѩ„`åÅ#∞ ã¨=∞iÊOz<å 1 # ^ÕâOÖ’x "≥Ú^Œ ˜ ÉèÏëê „Ñ¨ÜÚHõÎ ~åROQÍ PO„^è„Œ Ѩ^âò#∞ ◊ « Õ J_çy# "å~°∞ ÖË~∞° ). U~åÊ@∞KÕâß~°∞. ★ `≥ÅOQÍ} =º=Ǩ~åÅ#∞ Ѩ~°º"ÕH˜∆OK«_®xH˜ „áêOfÜ«∞ P<å˜ ^Õâ◊ ~å[H©Ü«∞ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ HÍx, `≥ÅOQÍ} =∞O_»ex U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ∂e. « ÃÑ^ŒÅ∞HÍx Ѷ[Öò Jb Hõg∞+¨<‰Ω U=∂„`«O qÅ∞= WzÛL<åfl Ì ¨ £õ (PO„^èŒ JkèHÍ~° Ü«∞O„`åOQÆO Pã¨~å`À, <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ`À WѨÙÊ_»∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} Wxfl Hõ+#ëêìÅ#∞ Ö’#ÜÕ∞ºkHÍ^Œ∞. ì¨ xO_ç# =∞O^Œ|ÅO`À, `«ÑC_»∞ ÖˇH¯õ Å`À =∞Éèºí ÃÑ_»∞`«∂ ¨ PO„^è∞Œ Å WO@ Ѩhfl~°∞ – `≥ÅOQÍ} HõO@ Hõhfl~°∞ 13 Pi÷HOQÍ J„QÆÉÏè QÍ# ‰õΩѨÊO – `≥ÅOQÍ}ωõΩ `«Ñʨ ÖË^∞Œ =∞iO`« HõÑʨ O õ 14 K«~º° Å#∞ PO„^è• áêʼnõΩÅ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} `≥~ð ÑH˜ ZH˜¯OKå~°∞. PO„^è• · ã¨"∞Hºõ ~å¢+OÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ[Å ã≤uQÆ`∞Å∞ : ≥ÿ ì¨ ÷ « áêʼnõΩÅ PQÆ_®Å =ÚO^Œ∞ x*ÏO #"å|∞ xÜ«∞O`«$`«fiO ‰õÄ_® „a˜+π áêÅ# =Úyã≤áÈ`Õ ¿ãfiKåÛù ™êfi`«O„`åºÅ∞ KåÖÏ z#fl^≥· áÈ~ÚOk. ~åAÅ áêÅ#, `≥Å^˘~°Å Ѩ~ÀHõ∆ áêÅ#, ¡ Åaè™êÎÜ∞x ^Õâ"åã¨∞Å∞ ÉèÏqOz#>Ë,¡ x*ÏO áêÅ# JO`«"∞`Õ « ◊ ≥ÿ x*ÏO „Ѩ ` « º Hõ ∆ áêÅ#, ~° * ÏHõ ~ ° ¡ J=∂#∞+¨ K« ~ ° º ÅÖÏO˜ `«=∞ |`«∞‰õΩÅ∞ ÉÏQÆ∞ Ѩ_»∞`åÜ«∞x, ÉÏxã¨`«fiO, x~°O‰õΩâ◊`«fiO "å˜#xflO˜x "Õ∞à◊qOz PO„^èáêʼnõΩÅ∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`åxfl Œ #tOz ã¨=∂#`«fiO Åaèã∞O^Œx, K«^∞=ÙÅ`À áê@∞ H˘Å∞=ÙÅ∞ ¨Î Œ HÍÅhQÍ =∂~°∞ÛH˘x PkèÑ`åºxH˜ ^•~°∞Å∞ Ѩ~∞K«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. PO„^èŒ ¨ ° ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞`åÜ«∞x, `«=∞ á⁄ÖÏʼnõΩ ™êQÆ∞h~°∞ Åaèã∞O^Œx, ‰õÄ_»∞, ¨Î áêʼnõΩÅ, JkèHÍ~°∞Å PQÆ_®Å`À `≥ÅOQÍ}"åã¨∞Å |`«∞‰õΩÅ∞ Jxfl QÆ∂_»∞, h_»Å‰õΩ Ö’@∞O_»^x `≥ÅOQÍ} "åã¨∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® Z<≥fl<Àfl Œ ~°OQÍÖ’¡ |ÖˇáÈÜ«∂~Ú. · HõÅÅ∞ Hõ<åfl~°∞. HÍh P HõÅÅhfl ѨQÆ ˜ HõÅÖË#x, =¸<åflà◊§ 'Q˘„Ô~Å∞ u<Õ"å_»∞ áÈ~Ú |„Ô~Å∞ u<Õ"å_»∞ =zÛ#@∞¡— =ÚK«Û>Ë#x J~°O HÍ=_®xH˜ ZO`ÀHÍÅO Ѩ@Ö^∞. ÷ ì Ë Œ x*ÏO ™ê÷#OÖ’ PO„^èŒ áêʼnõΩÅ∞ =KåÛ~°∞. `≥Å∞QÆ∞ *Ïu XHõ¯>ˇ`Õ ÿ '~å"Õ∞â◊fi~°O áÈ~Ú<å â◊<Õâ◊fi~°O áÈÖË^Œ#fl@∞¡— x*ÏO P *ÏuˆH xO_»∞^Œ#O =ã¨∞O^Œx, =∂Ü«∞=∂@Å∞ K≥ÑÊ =∂Ü«∞ Î ≤ #"å|∞ áÈÜ«∂_Õ HÍx x~°O‰õΩâ◊`fiO áÈÖË^∞, ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO áÈÖË^∞, « Œ Œ KÕâß~°∞. "å=ÚÅ∞ "Õ∞¿ã "åiH˜ ѨKÛQÆ_¤ç ѶÅǨ~°O J#fl@∞¡ PO„^è• « ¨ "≥∂™êÅ∞ `«QÖ^∞. ÃÑQÍ =∞ixfl ~@∞¡ ÃÑiQÍ~Ú. „a˜+π K«^∞=ÙÅ∞ æÆ Ë Œ · Ô Œ áêʼnõΩÅ JqhuH˜ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï H˘O_»Å∞, QÆ∞@ìÅ∞, "åQÆ∞Å∞, =OHõÅ∞, <ÕiÛ# PO„^èáêʼnõΩÅ∞ HõÅÉÁe¡ Hõ|∞~°`À, "≥∂™êÅ`À `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ Œ ¡ ¡ K≥~∞=ÙÅ∞ ѨO˜ H˜OkˆH KåÅ_»O ÖË^∞. ° Œ `«=∞ ™ê„=∂*Ϻxfl qã¨iOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. gi áêÅ#`À `≥ÅOQÍ} Î qb#O `«~åfi`« XHõ „áêO`«O HÀ©âfi~°∞ʼnõΩ xÅÜ«∞OQÍ ◊ "åã¨∞Å |`«∞‰õΩÅ∞ ÃÑ#Og∞^Œ#∞O_ç á⁄~ÚºÖ’ Ѩ_@~ÚOk. Ç≤Ï@¡~ü ¤» ¡ =∂~°QÍ, =∞~À „áêO`«O PHõe Kå=ÙʼnõΩ HO„^Œ aO^Œ∞=~ÚOk. ˆ ^Œ∞~°ÇÏOHÍ~åÅ∞, ^ŒH}τѶHÍ `≥Å*Ïu "åi q=Hõ,∆ <årÅ qHõ$`« ¨ ∆˜ ≤ ¡ K«∞@ìOQÍ WHõ¯_çH˜ =zÛ# PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ K«@ìO Kå@∞# |i`≥yOz PO„^è∞Œ Å áêÅ# f~°∞ f~°∞ - „Ѩ[Å ~å`«Å∞ `å~°∞=∂~°∞ 15 „áêOfÜ«∂aè=$kú "Õ~∞° "Õ~∞° - áêʼnõΩÅO`å X˜ì ^ŒQÍHÀ~°∞ 16
6.
„Ѩ=iÎã¨∂Î, `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï „Ѩ[Å#∞
x@ìxÅ∞=Ù<å, Ѩ@ìѨQÆÖË Q“~°=O ÅaèOK«Ö^∞. =∞^Œ~åã¨∞ ~å¢ëêìxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ áÈ~å_ç# Ë Œ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. PO„^è∞Å∞ [Å =#~°∞Å∞#fl Éè∂™êfi=ÚÅ∞, Œ í á⁄˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞‰õΩ ^ŒH¯˜ # Q“~°=OÖ’ XHõ¯âß`«O Q“~°=O ‰õÄ_® "åºáê~°∞Å∞, L^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ Jx =¸_»∞ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# =~åæÅ∞QÍ =∞# `≥ÅOQÍ} g~°∞ʼnõΩ ^ŒHõ¯ÖË^Œ∞. <å˜ L^Œº=∞ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ ã≤~Ñ_QÍ, `≥ÅOQÍ}"åã¨∞Å∞ =∂„`«O „ѨH$õ uÃÑ· P^è•~°Ñ_# ~`∞« Å∞, ÷° ¨ » ¨ ç Ô· _®II K≥<åflÔ~_ç¤ HO„^Œ „ѨÉ∞`«fiO, PO„^èŒ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ ‰õΩÜ«Ú‰õΩʼnõΩ ˆ íè Î ‰õÄbÅ∞, x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞QÍ |`«∞‰õΩÅ#∞ "≥à§◊ nã¨∞<åfl~°∞. Î `«ÖÁyæ, PO„^è∞ʼnõΩ |OQÍ~°∞ ѨÖÏ¡xfl JOkOKå_»x JO@∞OÏ~°∞. Œ h˜ ™œHõ~°ºO ÖËHõ, q^Œ∞ºK«ÛùH˜Î ÖËHõ, L#fl K≥~°∞=ÙʼnõΩ L^Œº=∂xfl K«ÖÏ¡~Û_®xH˜ 1969Ö’ JdÅѨH∆õ XѨÊO^ŒO ° =∞~°=∞‡`«∞ÎÅ∞ ÖËHõ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’x XHõѨʘ =∂QÍ}˜ Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ ‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞Û‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. "≥∞@ì Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞QÍ, "≥∞@ìÉèí∂=ÚÅ∞ c_»∞ Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞QÍ, c_»∞ Éè∂=ÚÅ∞ Z_®~°∞Å∞QÍ =∂iáÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. Ѷe`«OQÍ Hõ#fl ‰õÄ`«∞à◊§<Õ í ¨ 1969 <å˜ JdŠѨH∆õ XѨÊO^ŒO : J=Ú‡‰õΩ<Õ ã≤u F"≥ÑÙ¨ , „¿Ñ=∞`À ÃÑOK«∞‰õΩ#fl Ѩâ√=ÙÅ#∞ Hõ™ê~ÚʼnõΩ ÷ · ◊ 1. x|O^èŒ#ʼnõΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ KÕi#"åix L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞O_ç J=Ú‡‰õΩ<Õ ^Œ∞ã≤u =∞~À"≥ÑÙ¨ Z^Œ∞~Ok. ÷ · Ô· `˘ÅyOz, "åi™ê÷#OÖ’ ™ê÷x‰õΩÅ#∞ xÜ«∞q∞OKåe. „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ `≥ÅOQÍ} L^Œº=∞O – 1969 : (WѨʘ=~°‰Ωõ XHõ¯ix ‰õÄ_® `˘ÅyOK«Ö^∞Œ ) Ë 2. `« Ñ ¨ C _» ∞ =Úe¯ 㨠i ì Ñ ¶ ≤ Ô H ò Å #∞ 㨠= ∞iÊOz# "åix "≥∂™êÅ#∞ Ѩã≤QÆ ˜ì# `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "å~°∞ J_»áê^Œ_»áê qKåiOz, tH˜OKåe. ∆ xÅnã¨∞#flѨʘH© 1969 Ö’ Ѩ٘# „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ `≥ÅOQÍ} L^Œº=∞"Õ∞ Î ì (qKåiOzO^Õ ÖË#ѨC_»∞ tH˜OK«_"∞≥ Hõ¯_çk?) ∆ » K≥ÑCHÀ`«y#kQÍ QÆ∞iÎOѨ٠á⁄OkOk. D L^Œº=∞OÖ’ P<å˜ ¨ 3. ™ê÷xHõ ã¨Oã¨Å‰õΩ =Úe¯ x|O^è#Å#∞ qã¨iOKåe. ÷ Œ Î =ÚYº=∞O„u „|Ǩ‡#O^Œ~_ç¤ x~°O‰õΩâ◊ áêÅ#‰õΩ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 400 Ô („ѨÉ∞íè `«fi ã¨Oã¨ÅÖ’<Õ k‰õΩ¯ÖË^O>Ë ™ê÷xHõ ã¨Oã¨ÅÖ’ "Õ~ ÷ Œ ÷ ˆ =∞Ok L^Œº=∞ HÍ~°∞Å∞ |ÖˇáÈÜ«∂~°∞. D L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞ʼnõΩ ZÖÏO˜ · K≥áêÊÖÏ?) "Õ~åÊ@∞"å^ŒOÃÑ· ÉÏ|∞ Ü«∞^ŒO – *ˇ· PO„^èŒ L^Œº=∞OÖ’ "Õ~åÊ@∞ˆH ã≤^O ú úŒ 17 „ѨÉ∞íè `«fi HõàÏâßÅÅ∞ =∞#"≥`Õ – q^•º~°∞Å∞ "å~°∞ · ÷ 18 4. ã‘xÜ«∂sìx x~°‚~ÚOK«_»OÖ’ <åºÜ«∞™ê÷<åÅ f~°∞ÊÅ#∞ <å˜ =∞# ^Õâ◊ „Ѩ^è•x N=∞u WOk~åQÍOnè „Ñ¨[Å f~°∞Ê#∞ Q“~°qOKåe. HÍÅ~åâß~° ∞ . PO„^è Œ < åÜ« ∞ ‰õ Ω Å QÍ~° _ ô q^Œ º ʼnõ Ω P"≥ ∞ (<åºÜ« ∞ ™ê÷ < åÅ#∞ 㨠O „Ѩ k OKåˆ ~ QÍx, f~° ∞ ÊÅ#∞ ÖÁOyáÈ=_»O`À PO„^è• HÍO„ÔQãπ =∂„`«"∞ "≥∂ã¨O KÕã∞#fl^Œx Õ ¨Î Q“~°qOK«ÖË^Œ∞) ÉèÏqOKÕ™ê÷<åxfl "≥Ú`«ÎO HÍO„ÔQãπ áêsìÜÕ∞ "≥∂ã¨OKÕã≤O^Œx 5. PO„^èŒ „áêO`åxH˜ "≥zÛOz# `≥ÅOQÍ} x^è∞Å#∞ ÖˇH¯˜ Oz, Œ K≥ÑC‰õΩ<ÕÖÏKÕãOk. „Ѩ*Ïã¨q∞u ¿Ñ~°∞`À Qez# ZO.ёʼnõΩ Z~°"ã≤ ¨ ≤ Ô Õ ~åÉ’ÜÕ∞ HÍÅOÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ HÏ~ÚOKåe. ˆ HÍO„ÔQãπ áêsìÖ’ HõÅ∞ѨÙH˘x P áêsì^QÍKÕãOk. P L^Œº=∞OÖ’Oz Œ ≤ (`≥ÅOQÍ}Ï q∞QÆ∞Å∞<Õ `ÕÅÛÖË^∞Œ . JO^Œ∞H HÏ~ÚOKÕ „Ѩâfl◊ ˆ ˆ ѨÙ@∞ìH˘zÛ, ~å[H©Ü∞ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞QÍ Zky# "å~°O`å<Õ_∞ HÍO„ÔQãπ « » L^Œ~ÚOK«ÖË^Œ∞) áêsìÖ’<Õ LO_ç `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ J_»∞QÆ_∞QÆ∞<å J_»∞¤ `«Q∞Å∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. » Æ 6. ~å[^è•x #QÆ~OÖ’ q^•º =ã¨`∞Å#∞ ÃÑOKåe. ° « 1969 Ö’ 10 =∞Ok áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅx¿ãÎ HÍã¨Î FÑ≤Hõ („ѨÉèí∞`«fi ~°OQÆOÖ’ ÃÑOK«ÖËHõáÈÜ«∂~°∞ HÍx „ÃÑ·"Õ@∞ Ѩ @ ì = ∞#fl WOk~° = ∞‡ =∂@‰õ Ω W"åeì = ~° ‰ õ Ω PQÍO. ~°OQÆOÖ’ ѨÙ@ìQ˘_»∞QÆ∞ÖÏ¡ ѨÙ@∞ìH˘KåÛ~Ú) WOÔHO`«HÍÅO PQÍe? -HÍà’l ZÖÏÔQ·`Õ<Õq∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï L^Œº=∞O ã¨^Œ∞Ì=∞xyOk. *ˇ· PO„^è• L^Œº=∞O 1971Ö’ [iy# áê~°"∞Oò ZxflHõÖ’¡ WHõ¯_ç „Ñ¨[Å∞ HÍO„ÔQãπ ¡ ≥ áêsìx z`«∞z`«∞QÍ F_çOz, `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ ~åR x"å^ŒO`À Î Î =Úe¯ x|O^è Œ # Å∞ K≥ Å ∞¡ É Ï>Ë # x 㨠∞ „Ñ‘ O HÀ~° ∞ ì ZxflHõÅ |iÖ’ky# `≥ÅOQÍ} „Ѩ*Ïã¨q∞uH˜ „|Ǩχ~°^O Ѩ_∞`«∂ Œä » Kåi„`å`« ‡ Hõ " ≥ ∞ ÿ # f~° ∞ Ê W=fi_» O `À PO„^è Œ ∞ ÅÖ’ Hõ Å Hõ Å O 10 =∞Ok áê~°"∞O@∞ ã¨É∞ºÅ#∞ QeÑ≤OKå~°∞. nx`À `≥ÅOQÍ} ¡ ≥ íè Ô |Ü«∞Å∞^ÕiOk. =Úe¯ x|O^èŒ#Å∞ K≥Å∞¡ÉÏ@∞ JÜÕ∞º@@¡~Ú`Õ „Ѩ[ÅO`å „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ ~å„ëêìxfl HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°x Ö’HÍxH˜ "≥Å_Ok. ¡ ·≥ PO„^èŒ „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ ~åROQÍ U~°Ê_®Åx *ˇ· PO„^èŒ L^Œº=∂xfl KÕÑÏì~∞. ¨ ° ^Œ∞~°^$Œ +¨=âß`«∞Î Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞º ^ÕâOQÍ K≥ÑC‰õΩO@∞#fl ì ◊ ¨ D L^Œº=∂xH˜ PO„^è∞ÅO`å ã¨"∞Hºõ OQÍ JO_»QÍ xÅ|_®¤~∞. Œ ≥ÿ ° qâ◊fi q^•ºÅÜ«∂Å∞ =∞#"≥`Õ – "≥ãπ Kèå#ûÅ~üÅ∞ "å~°∞ · · 19 Ѩk lÖÏ¡Å∞ =∞#"≥`Õ – HõÖH~∞° ¡ "åà◊√§ · ˇ ìõ 20
7.
[iˆQ =~°‰õΩ [Ü«∞ÉèËi,
[~°QÆHõáÈ`Õ ~°}ÉèËi J#fl@∞¡ ★ x"å㨠Ѩiq∞ux 12 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ #∞O_ç <åÅ∞QÆ∞ [iy#O`« H ÍÅO `≥ Å OQÍ} =#~° ∞ Å#∞ q[Ü« ∞ =O`« O QÍ ã¨O=`«û~åʼnõΩ `«yOK«_O. æ » H˘Å¡Q˘Ïì~°∞. =Úe¯ x|O^èŒ#Å K≥Å∞¡ÉÏ@∞Ö’ ã¨∞„Ñ‘O HÀ~°∞ì ★ PO„^è• `≥ÅOQÍ}ʼnõΩ K≥Ok# P^•Ü«∞ =ºÜ«∂Å#∞ q_çQÍ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ f~°∞Êx=fi@O`À `«=∞ ^ÀÑ≤_H˜ J_»∞¤ ô K«∂¿Ñ Ѩ^ux ~°^∞Ì KÕÜ∞_»O. úŒ Œ « `«ye#@∞ì ÉèÏqOz# PO„^èáêʼnõΩÅ∞ '*ˇPO„^è—Œ ¿Ñ~°∞`À ~°}Éèi Œ · Ë D Ѩ^HOÖ’ PO„^è∞ʼnõΩ J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞# x|O^è#Åhfl Œä õ Œ ÿ Œ "≥∂yOKå~°∞. *ˇ· PO„^è• L^Œº=∞ÅHõ∆ ºO PO„^èŒ ~åR U~åÊ@∞ HõO>Ë á⁄Å∞¡ áȉõΩO_®, HÍÅÜ«∂Ѩ# ÖˉõΩO_® J=∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∞|_»QÍ, `≥ Å OQÍ} ~° H õ ∆ } Å∞ ZuÎ " Õ ã ≤ , PO„^è Œ ∞ Å^ÀÑ≤ _ ô H ˜ Ǩ Ï ^Œ ∞ Ì Å ∞ `≥ Å OQÍ}‰õ Ω J#∞‰õ Ä ÅOQÍ L#fl x|O^è Œ # Å∞ J=∞Å∞‰õ Ω <ÀK«∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. qâßÖÏO„^èŒ U~åÊ@∞ `«~åfi`« ‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞Û‰õΩ#fl K≥iÑ≤"ÕÜ«∞_»"Õ∞ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿOk. P L^Œº=∂xfl K«Å¡|~°K«_»_®xH˜ XѨÊO^•ÅÖ’ÔHÖÏ¡ D P~°∞ã¨∂„`åŠѨ^äŒHõ"Õ∞ PO„^èŒ∞ʼnõΩ P<å˜ HO„^Œ „ѨÉ∞`«fiO P~°∞ ã¨∂„`åŠѨ^HÍxfl „ѨH OzOk. ˆ íè Œä õ ˜ J`«ºkèHõOQÍ "Õ∞Å∞#∞ KÕ‰õÄ~°ÛQÍ, `≥ÅOQÍ}ωõΩ =∂„`«O Hõ+¨ì P~°∞ ã¨∂„`åŠѨ^HO`À *ˇ· PO„^èŒ L^Œº=∞O PyáÈ~ÚOk HÍx, Œä õ #ëêìÅ#∞ ÃÑOzOk. `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï =∂„`«O K≥ÑÊÖË#O`« #+¨áÈ~ÚOk. ¨ ì `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêO`« „Ѩ[Å "≥#∞HõÉÏ@∞ `«#O ^Œ∂~°O P~°∞ ã¨∂„`åŠѨ^HO =Å¡ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ [iy# #ëêìÅ∞ : Œä õ JÜÕ∞º=~°‰Ω „Ѩ`ºHõ ~åR "å^ŒO H˘#™êQÆ∞`«∂<Õ LO@∞Ok. õ Õ ★ =Úe¯ x|O^è#Å∞ ~°^∞. Œ ŒÌ D PO^Àà##∞ PѨQeQ â◊HΘ Z=iH© ÖË^∞. gÖˇ·`Õ `«=∞ ◊ Æ ˆ Œ ★ `≥ÅOQÍ} „áêOfÜ«∞ Hõq∞˜ ~°^∞. ŒÌ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∂xfl JOkOKåe. gÅ∞HÍHõáÈ`Õ XHõà◊√§ Kտ㠄ѨÜ∞`åflʼnõΩ J_»∞~åHõáÈ=_»O =∞Ozk. « ¤ -HÍà’l ★ ~å[^è•xx „Ѷ‘ *’<£QÍ "åiH˜ "åˆ~ K≥ÑCHÀ=_»O. ¨ „ѨÉèí∞`åfiã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ =∞#"≥·`Õ – _®Hõì~°∞¡ "åà◊√§ 21 HÀ~°∞ìÅ∞ =∞#"≥·`Õ – [_ô˚Å∞ "åà◊√§ 22 PO„^Œè áêÅ#Ö’ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ q+¨Ü∞OÖ’<Õ HÍHõ, Z~Ú_≥_£ q^•ºã¨Oã¨Ö’¡ ‰õÄ_® `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ « íè ÷ xÅ∞=Ù<å =ÚOKå~°∞. „ѨÉ∞`«fi Y~°∞Û`À #_çKÕ q^•º ã¨Oã¨Åhfl ÷ [iy#/[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl #ëêìÅ∞ PO„^è•, ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ÅÖ’ LO_»QÍ, "åºáê~å`«‡Hõ ^Œ$+≤`À #_»∞ã¨∞#fl ì Î ã¨"∞Hºõ ~åR U~åÊ@∞`À Jxfl ~°OQÍÅÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ}ωõΩ ≥ÿ „ÃÑ·"Õò q^•º ã¨Oã¨÷Å∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï JO`«Ï ѨÙ@ìQ˘_»∞QÆ∞ÖÏ¡ J<åºÜ«∞"Õ∞ [iyOk. J<åºÜ«∂Å =Å¡ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl #+¨ìO ѨÙ@∞ìH˘KåÛ~Ú. XHõ QÆ∞O@∂~°∞ lÖÏ¡‰õΩ WKÕÛ „QÍO@∞, Jxfl ã¨iKÕÜ«∞ÖË#O`« ^Œ∂~°O "≥o§áÈ~ÚOk. Hõeã≤ LO_»_®xH˜ `≥ÅOQÍ} lÖϡʼnõΩ WKÕÛ „QÍO@∞ Hõ#fl Z‰õΩ¯=. gÅ∞ÖË#O`« =º`庙êÅ∞ ÃÑiyáÈÜ«∂~Ú. H˘xfl „Ѩ^•# ~°OQÍÅÖ’ è ~åROÖ’ „áêOfÜ« ∞ Ѩ i kè Hõ e y# P~° ∞ U"Õ∞~°‰Ω #+¨áÈÜ«∂"≥∂ ã¨∂ÅOQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O. õ ì ÷ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂ÅÖ’ HÀ™êÎ PO„^èÖ’ ~O_»∞, ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞Ö’ ~O_»∞, Œ Ô Ô `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ XHõ ,˜ ~å[^è•xÖ’ XHõ ˜ L<åfl~Ú. ÃÇÏ^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞#∞ · 1. q^•º ~°OQÆO : „Ѷ*’<£QÍ K≥ÑC‰õΩO@∞#flO^Œ∞# WHõ¯_ç ã¨Oã¨Å#∞ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï MÏ`å ‘ ¨ ÷ q^•º=O`«∞Å#∞ |˜ì Jaè=$kú P^è•~°Ñ_ç LO@∞O^Œx ¨ „H˜O^Œ [=∞Hõ@_®xH˜ gÅ∞ ÖË^∞. WqQÍHõ ~åR "åºÑ¨Î ѨikèQÅ ì Œ Æ K≥ | ∞`« ∞ OÏ~° ∞ . x*ÏOHÍÅOÖ’ `≥ Å ∞QÆ ∞ ‰õ Ω „áê^è • #º`« qâ◊fi q^•ºÅÜ«∂ÅÖ’ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ qâ◊fi q^•ºÅÜ«∞O, „^•q_» ÉèÏ+¨Å HõeÊOK«HáÈ=_»O =Å¡ `≥ÅOQÍ} H˘O`« #+¨áÈQÍ, ã¨"∞Hºõ ~åR õ ì ≥ÿ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂Å∞ ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞Ö’ LO_»QÍ, "≥^ºŒ qâ◊fi q^•ºÅÜ«∞O · U~åÊ@∞ `«~åfi`« `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’x q^•º™œHõ~åºÅxflO˜x PO„^è∞ÖË Œ q[Ü«∞"å_»Ö’ L#flk. ã¨fiÜ«∞O „ѨuѨuÎ Hõey# ã¨Oã¨Ö# ã¨O㨯 $`« ÷ ·ˇ KÕlH˜¯OK«∞HÀ=_»O, q^•º=ã¨`∞Å HõÅÊ#Ö’ q=Hõ#∞ K«∂Ñ≤OK«_O « ∆ » qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O, ã¨`«º™ê~Ú L#fl`« q^•º ã¨Oã¨÷Å∞ ‰õÄ_® =Å¡ 㨠~ ° fi O #+¨ ì á ÈÜ« ∂ O. áê~î ° â ßÅÅ∞, Hõ à ÏâßÅÅ∞, ~åÜ« ∞ Åã‘ = ∞Ö’<Õ L<åfl~Ú. WqáÈ#∞ q∞ye# Jxfl qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂Å∞, #iûOQ∑ ã¨∂¯ÖòÅ∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ "å˜#xflO˜x qâ◊ fi q^•ºÅÜ« ∂ Å∞, P ™ê÷ ~ Ú ã¨ O 㨠÷ Å ∞, XHõ ¯ HÍHõ f Ü« ∞ ™ê÷ÑOK«_OÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï#∞ "≥∂ã¨"∞Õ KÕâß~°∞. „ѨÉ∞íè `«fi q^•ºã¨Oã¨Å ≤ » ÷ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O `«Ñ¨Ê Jhfl ~å[^è•x #QÆ~°OÖ’<Õ L<åfl~Ú. Jaè=$kú Ѩ^•ä # PO„^è• *’~°∞ - Jxfl ~°OQÍÅÖ’ "åi^Õ <À~°∞ 23 #ÖÁæO_»Ö’ Hõ@Hõ@ „`åQÆ∞h~°∞ - áêÅ=¸~°∞Ö’ Ѩ`åÎÖ^∞Œ ™êQÆ∞h~°∞ Ë 24
8.
qâßYѨ@flOÖ’ PO„^è• qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O,
u~°∞ѨuÖ’ "≥OHõ>âfi~° Ë ◊ ѨiQÆ}#Ö’xH˜ fã¨∞HÀ‰õΩO_®, `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ XHõ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂xfl qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O, QÆ∞O@∂~°∞Ö’ <åQÍ~°∞˚#, J#O`«Ñ¨Ó~üÖ’ =∂„`«O HÏ~ÚOK«_O ZO`« Ѷ∞’~°"∂ PÖ’zOK«O_ç ˆ » ¨ ≥ Hõ$+¨‚^Õ=~åÜ«∞, ‰õΩѨÊOÖ’ „^•q_» ÉèÏ+¨Å qâ◊fi q^•ºÅÜ«∂Å∞ q^•º~°OQÆOÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ}‰õΩ [iy# J<åºÜ«∂Å∞ (2001-02) : L<åfl~Ú. =~°OQÆÖòÖ’ ™ê÷ÑOz# ™êOˆHuHõ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂xfl ≤ PO„^èŒ ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} ~å[^è•xˆH `«~°eOKå~°∞. HÀ™êÎO„^èŒ, ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ „áêO`åÅÖ’ ExÜ«∞~ü HõàÏâßÅÅ∞ 266 138 176 =º=™êÜ«∞, ™êOˆHuHõ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂ʼnõΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# âßYÅ#∞ _ç„w HõàÏâßÅÅ∞ 167 70 74 <ˇÅH˘ÖÏÊ~°∞. HÍx WÖÏO˜ âßYÅ ™ê÷Ñ#‰õΩ `≥ÅOQÍ} lÖÏ¡Å∞ ¨ Jxfl ~°HÍÅ áê~îâßÅÅ∞ ° 26,786 12,857 17,594 =∂„`«O <ÀK«∞HÀÖË^∞. #ÖÁæO_»Ö’ ™ê÷ÑOKåÅx â◊O‰õΩ™ê÷Ñ# KÕã# Œ ≤ ¨ ≤ Jxfl áê~î°âßÅÖ’¡ Láê^蕺ܫÚÅ∞ 88,435 38,552 65,040 ™ê~°fi„uHõ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂xfl ‰õÄ_® ~å[^è•xˆH `«~°eOKå~°∞. JHõ~å㨺`å âß`«O ∆ 39% 38% 30% XHõ¯=∂@Ö’ K≥áêÊÅO>Ë qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂Å∞, P ™ê÷~ÚH˜ K≥Ok# "≥Ú`«O 21 ã¨Oã¨ÅÖ’ PO„^èŒ ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞Ö’¡ 10, ~åR ~å[^è•xÖ’ Î ÷ Z~Ú_≥_£ ExÜ«∞~ü HõàÏâßÅÅ Y~°∞Û 17.4 7.73 2.63 10, `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ 1 =∂„`«"∞ L<åfl~Ú. W©=ÖË =∞~À =¸_»∞ Õ (ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ HÀ@¡Ö’) qâ◊ fi q^•ºÅÜ« ∂ Å#∞ ™ê÷ Ñ ≤ O KåÅx „Ѩ ã ¨ ∞ Î ` « =ÚYº=∞O„u 1969 #∞O_ç <Õ =~°‰Ωõ Z~Ú_≥_£ ˜ ~å[âıY~ü~_ç¤ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl x~°Ü∞OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® ѨHáê`«"∞ ^•yL#flk. Ô ‚ « ∆õ Õ ExÜ«∞~ü HõàÏâßÅʼnõΩ Y~°∞Û HÀ@¡Ö’ 365 162 55 PO„^èŒ ~åRO#∞O_ç =zÛHõeã≤# HÀ„™êÎO„^è-~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ „áêO`åÅ#∞ Œ Z~Ú_≥_£ _ç„w HõàÏâßÅʼnõΩ Y~°∞Û ~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅ∞QÍ K«∂Ñ≤Oz ~O_»∞ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂Å#∞ JHõ¯_» Ô Ô (ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ HÀ@¡Ö’) 38.52 8.74 5.76 ™ê÷ÑOKåÅx x~°~ÚOK«QÍ, 4 lÖÏ¡Å ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞`À `≥ÅOQÍ}#∞ ≤ ‚ 1956 #∞O_ç <Õ =~°‰Ωõ Y~°∞Û HÀ@¡Ö’ 848 ˜ 181 121 [=∞Hõ_»∞`«∂, WѨʘˆH JHõ¯_» L#fl JkèHõ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂Å#∞ „ÃÑ=∞s ã¨∂¯Öòû âß`åÅÖ’ · 48 23 29 „ÃÑ"ò HõàÏâßÅÅ∞ "åi"≥`Õ – q^•º~°∞Å∞ =∞#O ·Õ · ÷ 25 „ÃÑ"ò Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ "åi"≥`Õ – ~ÀQÆ∞Å∞ =∞#O ·Õ · 26 PO„^è,Œ ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ÅÖ’x qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂Å∞ P „áêO`«ÑÙ¨ `≥ÅOQÍ}ÏÖ’ =∂„`«O P~°∞ ÅHõÅ [<åÉèωõΩ XHõ „ѨÉ∞íè `«fi ExÜ«∞~ü ∆ q^•º~°∞÷ʼnõΩ, L^ÀºQÆ∞ʼnõΩ =∂„`«"Õ∞ xÅÜ«∞O HÍQÍ, ~å[^è•x HõàÏâßÅ#∞ U~°Ê~°Û_»O ^ÀÑ≤_ô q^è•#OÖ’ ÉèÏQÆ"∞. ÅH∆Í _≥Ƀ"ÕÅ Õ ·ˇè #QÆ~°OÖ’x ã¨Oã¨÷ÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® P „áêO`«O "åˆ~ ã≤OÇ¨Ï ÉèÏQÆO =∞OkH˜ XHõ „ѨÉ∞èí `«fi _ç„w HõàÏâßÅ P ~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅÖ’ LO_»QÍ, Ô ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. WHõ¯_ç ã¨Oã¨ÅÖ’x "≥ã-Kå<£ûÅ~üÅ∞, „Ñ≤xûáêÖòû, ÷ · π =¸_»∞ ÅHõÅ _≥Ƀ "ÕÅ =∞OkH˜ XHõ _ç„w HõàÏâßÅ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ö’ ∆ ·ˇ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, L^ÀºQÆ∞ÅÖ’ JkèHõÉèÏQÆO PO„^èŒ∞ÖËHÍQÍ, JHõ¯_ç L#flk. "≥~Úº [<åÉèÏH XHõ¯ „áê^äq∞Hõ áê~îâßÅ JHõ¯_» LO_»QÍ, ˆ Œ ° ã¨Oã¨ÅÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "åiH˜ Hõhã¨O J>ˇO_»~ÖÏO˜ áÈã¨∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® ÷ ü ì ~O_»∞ "ÕÅ [<åÉèωõΩ XHõ ˜ WHõ¯_» L#flk. Ô ^ŒH¯õ ÖË^∞. WHõ¯_» ‰õÄ_® =∞#"åiH˜ ^ŒH¯˜ Ok ã‘fiѨ~∞,¡ J>ˇO_»~û, Œ ° ü 2. "≥·^ŒºO : Hõ~¯ü ÅÖÏO˜ L^ÀºQÍÖË. JO^Œ∞Ö’ ‰õÄ_® PO„^è∞Å∞ ÖË~x K≥ÑÊÖËO. ¡ Œ ° ¨ ã¨"∞≥ Hºõ ~å¢+ì¨ U~åÊ@∞‰õΩ =ÚO^Õ WHõ¯_» L™ê‡xÜ«∂, QÍOnè, ÿ =Úb¯ x|O^è#Å∞ J=∞Å∞Ö’ L#fl HÍÅOÖ’ ‰õÄ_® =∞# q^•º Œ x*ÏO, Hͺ#û~ü, h֒Ѷ~,ü HÀ~°O˜, Ü«Ú<åx, „Ѩã∂u Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ ¨ ¨ ™œHõ~åºÅ∞ =∞#‰õΩ ^ŒH¯õ ÖË^∞. ~å[^è•xÖ’ L#fl@∞=O˜ ~åR"åºÑ¨Î Œ xi‡OK«|_ç, „Ѩ*Ï~ÀQƺ Ѩi~°H}‰õΩ ZO`«QÍ<À ^ÀǨÏ^ŒÑ_®¤~Ú. ∆õ ¨ Ѩikè Hõey# Ü«¸x=iû©ÅÖ’ `≥ÅOQÍ}ωõΩ K≥Ok# "å~°∞ 10 J~Ú`Õ qâßÖÏO„^èŒ U~åÊ@∞ `«~åfi`« „Hõ=∞„Hõ=∞OQÍ áêʼnõΩÅ âß`«OÖ’¿Ñ LO_»QÍ, `≥ÅOQÍ}Ë`~∞Å∞ 90 âß`«OÃÑQÍ L<åfl~°∞. «° · q=Hõ=Å¡ D =º=ã¨#∞ <åâ◊#O KÕâß~°∞. ã¨"∞Hºõ ~åR U~åÊ@∞ ∆ ÷ ≥ÿ WkÖÏ LO_»QÍ PO„^è•, ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ÅÖ’x, qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂ÅÖ’ `«~°∞"å`Õ "≥·^Œº =º=ã¨÷‰õΩ „QÆǨÏ}O Ѩ ˜ìOk. x*ÏO P~À÷ÃѶ_çH± P „áêO`åxH˜ K≥Ok#"åˆ~ 99 âß`«O HÍQÍ, XHõ¯âß`«O ‰õÄ_® Pã¨∞Ѩ„ux ã¨fiÜ«∞O „ѨuѨuÎ ã¨Oã¨÷QÍ =∂iÛ ¿Ñ^ŒÅ‰õΩ JO^Œx `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï "å~°∞ L#fl@∞¡ ^•MÖÏÅ∞ ÖË=Ù. „^•HõÑO_»∞QÍ KÕã,≤ q∞QÆ`å Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞ÅxflO˜x „ѨÉ∞èí `«fiO xsfi~°ºO ∆ ¨ PO„^èŒ „áêO`«OÖ’ ÅHõ=∞Ok [<åÉèωõΩ, ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞Ö’ ∆ KÕãOk. D |∂@HõÑÙ¨ áêʼnõΩÅ ~åHõ`À áêeKÕÛ P=ÙÅ∞ áÈ~Ú ≤ 70 "ÕÅ =∞Ok [<åÉèωõΩ XHõ „ѨÉ∞íè `«fi ExÜ«∞~ü HõàÏâßÅ LO_»QÍ, Q˘_»∞¤Ï=ÙÅ∞ ^ŒHͯ~Ú. ™ê=∂#∞ºÅ‰õΩ JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ ÖËx Ѩi„â◊=∞Å∞ "åi"≥`Õ – HÍÅ∞+¨ºO =∞#‰õΩ · 27 HÍO„ÏHõ~∞° ¡ "åÔ~`Õ – ‰õÄbÅ∞ =∞#O ì · 28
9.
HÍ~Àʈ~ò Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ W|ƒ_ç
=Ú|ƒ_çQÍ, ѨÙ@ìQ˘_»∞QÆ∞ÖÏ¡ Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å"≥·Ñ¨Ù Ѩ~°∞ÔQuÎ, JѨCÖ’¡ =Úxy r=K«Ûù"åÅ∞QÍ Ñ¨Ù@∞ìH˘KåÛ~Ú. =∞^茺`«~°QÆu "åiˆH JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ ÖËx D |`«∞‰õΩÅ#∞ "≥à§◊ nã¨∞<åfl~°∞. qz„`«"∞Õ =∞O>Ë HÍ~Àʈ~ò Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Åhfl Î Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ c^Œ"åiH˜ Q˘_»∞Ï=ÙÖË. x~°O‰õΩâ◊√_≥# x*ÏO #"å|∞ ¤ · PO„^è∞ʼnõΩ K≥Ok#"Õ HÍQÍ, „ѨÉ∞`«fi Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞ÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® _®Hõ~∞,¡ Œ íè ì° „Ѩ*Ï~ÀQƺOÃÑ· K«∂Ñ≤Oz#O`« „â◊^Œú, „Ѩ*Ï™êfi=∞º „ѨÉèí∞`«fiOQÍ ã≤|ƒOkÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯=âß`«O PO„^è∞ÖË. Œ K≥ÑÙ¨ ʉõΩO@∞#fl D „ѨÉ∞`åfiÅ∞ K«∂Ñ≤OK«ÖHáÈÜ«∂~Ú. íè Ëõ ¿Ñ^ŒÅ‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ ~°∂áêÜ«∞ʼnõΩ XHõ H˜Ö’ aÜ«∞ºO ZO`ÀHÍÅO #∞O_ç ¿ã=ÅOk㨠∂ Î =㨠∞ Î # fl W=fiÖË=∞x KÕ`∞Öˇ`ã# D „ѨÉ∞`«fiO, „ѨÉ∞`Àfi^ÀºQÆ∞ʼnõΩ =∂„`«O « ÎÕ ≤ íè íè Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞ÅxflO˜x x^è∞Å ÖËq∞H˜ QÆ∞iKÕã,≤ =∂ `å`«Å∞ <Õ`∞Å∞ Œ « HÍ~Àʈ~ò Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å "≥^ºŒ Y~°∞ÛÅ#∞ ÉèiOK«_®xH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ · í `åQÍ~°x K≥ÑCHÀ=_®xH˜ =∂„`«"∞Õ LѨÜ∂QÆÑ_ÖÏ KÕâß~°∞. „ѨÉ∞íè `«fi ¨ ≥ ¨ Õ ~å=_» O q_» ∂ ¤ ~ ° O . L^ÀºQÆ ∞ ÅÖ’ Jkè H õ âß`« O PO„^è Œ ∞ ÖË Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å ™ê÷#OÖ’ HÍ~Àʈ~ò ~°OQÍxH˜ Ѩ@O HõÏì~∞. „ѨÉ∞`«fi ì ° íè J~Ú#O^Œ ∞ =Å¡ < À, HÍ~Àʈ ~ ò P㨠∞ Ѩ „ `« ∞ Åxfl PO„^è Œ ∞ Å"Õ Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞ÅÖ’ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞O_»=Ù. _®Hõì~°∞¡O_»~°∞. =ã¨`«∞Å∞O_»=Ù. J~Ú#O^Œ∞=Å¡<À D |∂@HõÑÙ¨ "≥ãÅ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ HõeÊOz LO_»=K«∞Û. ¨ x^è∞Å∞ HÏ~ÚOK«_O ÖË^∞. z=iH˜ g˜x H=ÅO áÈã¨∞=∂~°O Œ ˆ » Œ ˆ ì ì „Ñ¨É∞`Àfi^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ „ѨÉ∞`«fi Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞ÅÖ’ ¿ã=Å#∞ á⁄O^Œ_®xH˜ íè íè Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞QÍ =∂„`«"∞Õ q∞yÖÏÛ~°∞. WѨʘH „ѨÉ∞íè `«fi Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å#∞ ˆ JOwHõiOK«_»O ÖË^ŒO>Ë Jq ZÖÏ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞Î<åflÜ≥∂ J~°÷O #~°Hõ‰õÄáêÅ∞QÍ ™ê=∂#º [#O K≥ѨC‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. „ѨÉèí∞`«fi KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. ¿Ñ^Œ„Ѩ[ʼnõΩ z#fl z#fl =∞O^Œ∞Å#∞ Lz`«OQÍ Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ "≥·^Œº ¿ã=Å#∞ JOkOK«ÖËHõáÈ=_»O, HÍ~Àʈ~ò JOkOK«Ö=∞x K≥|∞`«∞#fl „ѨÉ∞`«fiO, L^ÀºQÆ∞ʼnõΩ ÃÑ^Œ"Ú`«OÖ’ Ë íè Ì ≥ Î Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å qѨs`«"≥∞ÿ# Y~°∞ÛÅ#∞ ÉèíiOK«ÖËHõáÈ=_»O =∞^茺# K≥eOK«_®xH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~å=_»OÖ’ PO`«~º° "Õ∞q∞’? J㨇nÜ«ÚÅ ¡ ™ê=∂#º [#O ^Õ=ÙxÃÑ· ÉèÏ~°O "Õã≤ ~ÀQÍÅ`À ‰õΩq∞eáÈ`«∞<åfl~°∞. HÍ~Àʈ~ò Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å#∞ ÖÏÉèÏÅ ÉÏÖ’ ѨÜ∞xOѨKÜ∞_®xˆH « Õ « H˘O`«=∞Ok `åǨÏ`«∞‰õΩ q∞Oz JѨCÅ#∞ KÕã≤ HÍ~Àʈ~ò D "≥ãÅ∞ ÉÏ@∞#∞ HõeÊOz=ÙO_»=K«∞Û. HÍ~Àʈ~ò Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Åxfl ¨ Z`«∞‰Ωõ áÈ=_®Å∞ "åi"≥`Õ – ZuÎáÈ`«Å∞ =∞#‰õΩ Î · 29 L^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ "åÔ~`Õ – x~°∞^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ =∞#O · 30 H=ÅO „ѨÉ∞èí `«fi ã¨ÇÜ«∞O`À<Õ QÆ>H¯õ QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åflÜ«∞x JO^Œ∞Ö’x ˆ ¨ ìˇ Ç¨ÏŸ"£∞ʼnõΩ ã¨aû_ô ^èŒ~°Ö’¡ ã¨÷ÖÏÅ∞, *ÏfÜ«∞ ÉϺO‰õΩÅ ^•fi~å ~ÀQÆ∞Öˇ# =∞O„`«∞Å#∞, JkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞, L^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ K«∂ã≤#ѨC_»∞ · |∞∞}ÏÅ∞ HõeÊã¨∂Î „Ѩ*Ï^èŒ<åxfl ^Œ∞ifixÜ≥∂QÆѨ~°∞ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. `≥eã≤áÈ`«∞#flk. WO`«ÃÑ^ŒÌ Z`«∞# „ѨÉ∞`«fiO #∞O_ç ~å~ÚfÅ#∞ Î íè L^•Ç¨Ï~°}‰õΩ JáÈÖ’ Pã¨∞Ѩ„uH˜ P<å_»∞ ZHõ~åxH˜ =¸_»∞ ÅHõÅ ∆ JO^Œ∞‰õΩO@∞#fl D HÍ~Àʈ~ò Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ „áê}ÏÅ`À áÈ~å@O ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å =∂Ô~¯ò ^è~° L#fl Éè∂q∞x H=ÅO ZHõ~åxH˜ Zxq∞k Œ í ˆ [~°∞ѨÙ`«∞#fl ~ÀQÆ∞Å∞=¿ãÎ, "åix L™ê‡xÜ«∂, QÍOnèʼnõΩ "ÕÅ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ =O^ŒÅ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å (~°∂. 8,400/–) K˘Ñ¨ÙÊ# 30 "≥à◊§=∞OÏÔ~O^Œ∞HÀ! ZHõ~åÅ Éè∂q∞x HÏ~ÚOKå~°∞. í ˆ U<å˜#∞O_À L#fl WHõ¯_ç L™ê‡xÜ«∂, QÍOnè "≥∞_çHÖòõ Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞(2001-02) PO„^èŒ ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ `≥ÅOQÍ} HÍÖËrÅ#∞ q[Ü«∞"å_»Ö’x "≥·^Œº q^è•# Ѩi+¨`ü‰õΩ J#∞|O^èŒ Ç¨ÏŸq∞Ü≥∂ Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ 139 56 50 ã¨Oã¨Å∞QÍ =∂~åÛ~°∞. q[Ü«∞"å_», u~°∞ѨuÅÖ’ P~ÀQƺ âߢ™êÎÅ ÷ „ã‘Î, tâ◊√ Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ 5 2 2 ã¨Oã¨÷Å#∞ ™ê÷Ñ≤OK«_»O =Å¡ JHõ¯_ç „Ñ¨[ʼnõΩ "≥∞~°∞ÔQ·# ¿ã=Å∞ PÜ«Ú~fi^Œ Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ ˆ 392 195 128 JO^Œ∞`«∞<åfl~Ú HÍx, `≥ÅOQÍ}ÏÖ’x U XHõ¯lÖÏ¡ ‰õÄ_® D "≥@~°fls Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞Å∞ 120 50 90 J^Œ$ëêìxH˜ <ÀK«∞HÀÖË^∞. Œ 1956 #∞O_ç `≥ÅOQÍ}ÏÖ’ XHõ¯ [#~°Öò Pã¨∞Ѩ„ux ‰õÄ_® U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ∞« ÖË^∞Œ . `≥ÅOQÍ}ωõΩ HÏ~ÚOz# x^è∞Œ Å#∞O_ç ˆ =^ŒO>Ë QÆ^Ì≥ ZH˜¯ ÃÑ^ŒiHõO KÕ™êÎ"å? Ì Ì L=∞‡_ç „áêO`åÅ „Ѩ[Å J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ <≥~"~∞ã¨∞#fl L™ê‡xÜ«∂, ° Õ° Î =¸_»∞HÀ@¡ KÕ`∞Å∞« QÍOnè Ö ÏO˜ „Ѩ É è í ∞ `« fi P㨠∞ Ѩ „ `« ∞ ʼnõ Ω J~° H ˘~° x^è Œ ∞ Å#∞ h "Õ∞_»#∞ Ѩ_^À™êÎ~Ú - "≥∞_»<Õ q_»n™êÎ~Ú » JO^Œ * Ë ã ¨ ∞ Î < åfl~° ∞ . g˜ H ˜ UÜÕ ∞ ˜ H ÍÜÕ ∞ _» ∞ ˆ H Ï~ÚOѨ Ù Å∞ h‰õΩ xÅ∞K«∞ ǨωõΩ¯ ÖË^∞ - hH˜OHÍ k‰õΩ¯ÖË^∞ Œ Œ `«yáÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. W^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ HÍ~Àʈ~ò Pã¨∞Ѩ„`«∞ʼnõΩ, #iûOQ∑ æ x*ÏO #"å|∞‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ ^•â◊~kä „"åã≤# D Hõq`« <Õ ˜ PO„^•è áêʼnõΩʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® ã¨iQÍæ<Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. ° Éè=<åÅ∞ "åi"≥`Õ – ѨÓiQÆ∞_çÃãÅ∞ =∞#q í · 31 QÆ∞„~°O Ѩ~∞° QÆ∞ =∞#ÔH`Õ – *ÏH±áêò "åiH˜ · 32
10.
3. L^˼Qꁰ :
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