The document discusses the relationship between energy and buildings. It notes that 50% of fossil fuel consumption globally is related to building use and construction. Building materials require energy to produce and transport, and the erection of buildings also uses energy. Designers can reduce pollution by choosing environmentally friendly materials and employing ecological design practices. Effective building design must consider a structure's "carbon footprint", which includes the embodied carbon in materials, operational energy, transportation emissions from occupants, and demolition/disposal impacts. Selecting local, low-energy materials can help minimize a building's energy footprint. Locating developments near public transit also reduces transportation-related carbon.

2. ENERGY and BUILDINGS
• 50 %
of the
world’s
fossil
fuel
consumption is directly
related to the servicing
and use of buildings.
• Energy is used to make
building materials, to
transport them to the
site, and in their
erection as part of the
building. The servicing

3. ENERGY and BUILDINGS
•
Designers, developers
and users of buildings –
through the careful
choice of
evironmentally friendly
materials, the use of
an ecological design
approach, and
sensible care and
use of the building –
could educe considerably
the quantities of
pollutants entering the
environment (Birkeland,
2002).
Photo credit:wikipedia

4. ENERGY and BUILDINGS
• energy-sensitive
building designs
must begin from
an understanding
of the building’s
‘carbon
footprint’.
Photo credit:arlnow

5. Carbon footprint definiton
•
the overall amount of
carbon dioxide (CO2)
and other greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions
(e.g. methane, laughing
gas, etc.) associated with
a product , along its
supply-chain and
sometimes including
from use and end-of-life
recovery and
disposal.(European
Commission – Joint Research
Centre Institute for
Environment and Sustainability)
Photo credit:timbernetau

6. Components of the Carbon
footprint in Building
1. The
environmental
capital intrinsic
in the
construction
(the energy and resources expended
in the manufacture and
transportation of the materials,
the energy required to prepare
and service the site, and then
construct the building)
Photo credit:srmibiz

7. Components of the Carbon
footprint in Building
2. The energy
footprint extends
to include the
energy used to
sustain and
maintain the
development and
its daily service
requirements once
it is occupied.
•
This energy which Vale and Vale
(1991) call ‘revenue energy’, may be
as much as three times the energy
used in construction, the ‘capital
energy’.
Photo credit:thenbs

8. Components of the Carbon
footprint in Building
3. The energy that the
occupants expend in
moving between the
building and the rest
of the city, together
with the energy
required to feed the
occupants.
4. The energy required
to demolish the
development and
clean the site once it
has reached the end of
its useful life.
Photo credit:libncsu

9. The construction’s ‘energy footprint :
BUILDING MATERIALS
• In choosing a building
material the first
consideration is the
amount of energy used
in its manufacture.
• ‘As a rough guide,
however, the energy
intensiveness of a
building material will
act as a guide to its
greenness’ (Vale and
Vale, 1991).
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10. The construction’s ‘energy footprint
: BUILDING MATERIALS
• Building
materials can
be classified
into three
broad groups
according to
energy
content: low,
medium and
high
Photo credit:colourbox

11. The construction’s ‘energy
footprint : BUILDING
MATERIALS
• The energy
content of
materials
shown in Table
measured in
kilowatt-hours
per kilogram
Energy content of materials (Vale and Vale, 1991)

12. The construction’s ‘energy footprint : BUILDING MATERIALS
• The weights of each
building material must
be known if the
designer is to estimate
the total energy
content of the
completed
construction
Energy content of materials (Vale and Vale, 1991)

13. • Table shows the estimated energy
content of three building types,
which appears to signify that smallscale traditional domestic type
buildings are by far the least energyintensive structure.
• This might imply that the more
traditional scale of built form is
more appropriate for the sustainable
city.
The construction’s ‘energy footprint :
BUILDING MATERIALS

14. The construction’s ‘energy footprint :
BUILDING MATERIALS
• The energy
content of a
building material
is connected with
the nature of the
process of
refinement.
Photo credit:molemy

15. The construction’s ‘energy footprint : BUILDING MATERIALS
•
For example, the
energy
content of earth, mud or
clay is zero, while in its
burnt form as bricks the
figure is 0.4kWh/kg
• In general, the low-energy
materials tend to be the
least polluting as less
energy has been used in
their manufacture.
Photo credit:batubatamerah

16. The construction’s ‘energy footprint
: BUILDING MATERIALS
• To achieve the
sustainable
structures, lowenergy materials
should be used in
preference to
those of high
energy content.
Photo credit:marketingid

17. Organizations for Green Architecture Certification

18. • The World Green
Building Council is a
network of national
green building councils
in more than ninety
countries, making it
the world’s largest
international
organisation
influencing the green
building marketplace.
• 97 members

19. The construction’s ‘energy footprint : BUILDING
MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION
• Another consideration
in the selection of green
building materials is the
energy expended in
their transportation to
the place of
manufacture and from
there to the building
site by using local
building material.
Photo credit:wolvesden

20. The construction’s ‘energy footprint :
BUILDING and TRANSPORTATION
• Buildings should be
located on public
transport routes
and with close
connections to
other parts of the
urban structure to
reduce cardependency
community.
Photo credit:Sendai City Transportation Bureau

21. Photo credit:marketingpilgrim

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