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Patologie infettive e dipendenze patologiche: epidemiologia, management e organizzazione Fabrizio Starace Direttore, UOC Psichiatria, A.O. Cotugno  Docente Psichiatria Sociale, Università di Napoli Hon. Lecturer in Public Health, UCL (UK)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background
Prevalence of Triple Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tasso di incidenza (casi x 1.000.000 ab.) di casi AIDS tra i consumatori di  stupefacenti per via iniettiva negli Stati membri dell’EU. Anni 1997 - 2007
Distribuzione percentuale delle nuove diagnosi di infezione da HIV per modalità di trasmissione e anno
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Association of Alcohol/Other Drug Use with Risk for HIV
Casi cumulativi di AIDS da contatto eterosessuale in adulti, per tipo di rischio e sesso
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Association of Mental Illness and HIV Risk
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Co-occurrent Disorders Drug & Alcohol Abuse Centres
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Co-occurrent Disorders Italian National Survey
[object Object],[object Object],Co-occurrent Disorders Community Mental Health Centres
[object Object],[object Object],Co-occurrent Disorders Italian National Survey
HIV testing in IVDUs : an unmeet need 1990: HIV prev. 31% 2000: HIV prev. 16% Dati su 1.299.972 soggetti di 510 SerT B. Suligoi et al J Medical Virology 73:1-6 (2004) Prev. HIV  Solo il 35% dei tossicodipendenti viene testato 10 - 19% < 10% 20 - 25% 26-40% > 40%
Utenti sottoposti a test sierologico HIV sul totale assistiti e percentuale utenti positivi al test sul totale soggetti testati. Anni 1991 - 2009
Percentuale utenti positivi al test HIV sul totale soggetti testati, secondo il genere e il tipo di contatto con il servizio. Anni 1991 - 2009
Utenti sottoposti a test sierologico HIV sul totale assistiti, per area geografica. Anno 2009
Percentuale utenti positivi al test HIV sul totale soggetti testati, per area geografica. Anno 2009
HIV testing: PERSONE DETENUTE HIV test solo nel  32,5%  (3-100% a seconda dell’istituto) ( Ministero della Giustizia-Dipartimento dell’Amministrazione penitenziaria –DAP) Indagine in 12 istituti carcerari 38%  HCV+ 6,7% HBSAg+ HIV 7,5%-12% Co-infezione  HIV/HCV: 58%-85% Co-infezione  HIV/HBV  6,8%-10% (Hepatitis Summit 2009)
HIV testing : PERSONE MIGRANTI Nel 2009 4,5 milioni di immigrati  in Italia (Circa 25% illegali)  PRISHMA Study  (ISS) Tested 3303 Illegal adult migrants (2004-2007) HIV+ prevalence: 0,97% (vs. 0,26% popolazione gen.) HIV+ estimated incidence: 52-64 x 100.000 (vs. 6,7 x 100.000 popolazione gen.) (Pezzoli C et al , EID; 2009)  New cases of HIV infection from 11% (1992) to 31,6% (2008) (ISS, COA, 2010)
Schwartz-Watts et al., 1995 223 USA 5.4% Acuda & Sebit, 1996 143 ZIMBAWE 23.8% Ayuso-Mateos et al., 1997 390 SPAGNA 5.1% Hutchinson & Simenon, 1999 1227 TRINIDAD & TOBAGO 6.9% Blank et al., 2002 391.454 USA 3.8% Essock et al., 2003 969 USA 3.6% Tharyan et al., 2003 1160 INDIA 1.03% Pirl et al., 2005 655 USA  2.7%   62 testati per l'HIV  29% Autori Popolazione Sieroprevalenza HIV testing : PERSONE CON DISTURBI PSICHIATRICI
Majority: Alcohol / substance use disorders and HIV with comorbid depressive, anxiety, personality disorders. Minority: Recurrent psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, mania, depression with psychosis, psychosis NOS) with comorbid alcohol / substance use disorders and HIV. The Triply Diagnosed Patient:  HIV Infection, Mental Illness, and Alcohol / Other Drug Use (AOD) Disorders
Patients with HIV, Mental Illness, and AOD: Treatment dilemma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Triple Diagnosis: Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Triple Diagnosis: Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Interactions:  HIV+ AOD Users ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interactions Between Antiretrovirals and Other Medications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methadone Maintenance and ARVs   (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methadone and Antiretrovirals NRTIs Recommendations abacavir  ,[object Object],didanosine/ stavudine ,[object Object],[object Object],didanosine EC  ,[object Object],zidovudine ,[object Object]
Methadone and Antiretrovirals NNRTIs Recommendations delavirdine  ,[object Object],efavirenz ,[object Object],[object Object],nevirapine ,[object Object],[object Object]
Methadone and Antiretrovirals PIs Recommendations amprenavir  ,[object Object],indinavir  ,[object Object],indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir ,[object Object],[object Object],lopinavir/ ritonavir ,[object Object],[object Object],nelfinavir ,[object Object],[object Object],ritonavir/ saquinavir ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Interactions Between Antiretrovirals and Recreational Drugs
ARVs and Psychotropics:  Some Examples  (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ARVs and Psychotropics:  Some Examples  (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychiatric Complications of Antiretroviral Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment Models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Integrated Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Integration of Services ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comprehensiveness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reduction of Negative Consequences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Long-Term Perspective ,[object Object],[object Object]
Motivation-Based Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assertiveness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Drug addicts should not die in a queue” (2004) Bjarne Hakon Hanssen Minister of Health, Norway (2008-2009)

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Patologie infettive e doppia diagnosi

  • 1. Patologie infettive e dipendenze patologiche: epidemiologia, management e organizzazione Fabrizio Starace Direttore, UOC Psichiatria, A.O. Cotugno Docente Psichiatria Sociale, Università di Napoli Hon. Lecturer in Public Health, UCL (UK)
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  • 4. Tasso di incidenza (casi x 1.000.000 ab.) di casi AIDS tra i consumatori di stupefacenti per via iniettiva negli Stati membri dell’EU. Anni 1997 - 2007
  • 5. Distribuzione percentuale delle nuove diagnosi di infezione da HIV per modalità di trasmissione e anno
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  • 7. Casi cumulativi di AIDS da contatto eterosessuale in adulti, per tipo di rischio e sesso
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  • 13. HIV testing in IVDUs : an unmeet need 1990: HIV prev. 31% 2000: HIV prev. 16% Dati su 1.299.972 soggetti di 510 SerT B. Suligoi et al J Medical Virology 73:1-6 (2004) Prev. HIV Solo il 35% dei tossicodipendenti viene testato 10 - 19% < 10% 20 - 25% 26-40% > 40%
  • 14. Utenti sottoposti a test sierologico HIV sul totale assistiti e percentuale utenti positivi al test sul totale soggetti testati. Anni 1991 - 2009
  • 15. Percentuale utenti positivi al test HIV sul totale soggetti testati, secondo il genere e il tipo di contatto con il servizio. Anni 1991 - 2009
  • 16. Utenti sottoposti a test sierologico HIV sul totale assistiti, per area geografica. Anno 2009
  • 17. Percentuale utenti positivi al test HIV sul totale soggetti testati, per area geografica. Anno 2009
  • 18. HIV testing: PERSONE DETENUTE HIV test solo nel 32,5% (3-100% a seconda dell’istituto) ( Ministero della Giustizia-Dipartimento dell’Amministrazione penitenziaria –DAP) Indagine in 12 istituti carcerari 38% HCV+ 6,7% HBSAg+ HIV 7,5%-12% Co-infezione HIV/HCV: 58%-85% Co-infezione HIV/HBV 6,8%-10% (Hepatitis Summit 2009)
  • 19. HIV testing : PERSONE MIGRANTI Nel 2009 4,5 milioni di immigrati in Italia (Circa 25% illegali) PRISHMA Study (ISS) Tested 3303 Illegal adult migrants (2004-2007) HIV+ prevalence: 0,97% (vs. 0,26% popolazione gen.) HIV+ estimated incidence: 52-64 x 100.000 (vs. 6,7 x 100.000 popolazione gen.) (Pezzoli C et al , EID; 2009) New cases of HIV infection from 11% (1992) to 31,6% (2008) (ISS, COA, 2010)
  • 20. Schwartz-Watts et al., 1995 223 USA 5.4% Acuda & Sebit, 1996 143 ZIMBAWE 23.8% Ayuso-Mateos et al., 1997 390 SPAGNA 5.1% Hutchinson & Simenon, 1999 1227 TRINIDAD & TOBAGO 6.9% Blank et al., 2002 391.454 USA 3.8% Essock et al., 2003 969 USA 3.6% Tharyan et al., 2003 1160 INDIA 1.03% Pirl et al., 2005 655 USA 2.7% 62 testati per l'HIV 29% Autori Popolazione Sieroprevalenza HIV testing : PERSONE CON DISTURBI PSICHIATRICI
  • 21. Majority: Alcohol / substance use disorders and HIV with comorbid depressive, anxiety, personality disorders. Minority: Recurrent psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, mania, depression with psychosis, psychosis NOS) with comorbid alcohol / substance use disorders and HIV. The Triply Diagnosed Patient: HIV Infection, Mental Illness, and Alcohol / Other Drug Use (AOD) Disorders
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  • 43. “ Drug addicts should not die in a queue” (2004) Bjarne Hakon Hanssen Minister of Health, Norway (2008-2009)