The Tailored Valuation is a consulting service in which our e-Valuation team of analysts carries out an analysis and valuation of the company and then draws up a Valuation Report that examines each and every one of the unique characteristics of the business being appraised.
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Tailored valuation
1. Strictly Private and Confidential
This document is an extract of the full report
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TAILORED VALUATION
[Company XYZ]
January 2011
New York - London – Miami - Madrid
2. Strictly Private and Confidential
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INDEX
Page
1. Aim of the report and Executive Summary 4
2. Financial Hypothesis 6
3. Valuation Methodology 12
4. Trading Valuation 19
5. Private Transactions Valuation 22
6. DCF Valuation 26
7. Conclusion: Valuation Range 30
Appendix
I. e-Valuation Company Presentation 32
II. WACC Calculation 33
III. Historical and Projected Financial Statements 34
IV. Difference Between Value and Price 37
V. Glossary 38
VI. e-Vauation’s References 39
VII. Contact Details 40
3. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
3. Valuation Methodology
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Introduction
In order to carry out XYZ’s valuation, e-Valora has used contrasted, generally accepted valuation
methodologies: the Discounted Cash Flows methodology (DCF), the Multiples of Trading Comparable
Companies methodology and the Multiples of Private Transactions methodology. The application of each of
these methodologies, results in a specific valuation range for XYZ. In order to establish an estimated valuation
range for the company, e-Valora calculates a weighted average of the results of the different methodologies,
where the different weights are estimated using its own criteria and experience. We believe that the use of
all of these methodologies improves the reliability of the valuation obtained given that they are
complementary. Furthermore, it allows us to contrast the results of one and other (including the basic
assumptions made).
In the case of the DCF methodology, the assumptions that are considered are based on e-Valora’s estimates.
Such information allows a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the current and expected future situation of
XYZ.
If the strategy carried out by the Company in the future is different from the one that has been considered
according to the information provided by the Client, or if such information differs from reality, our view about
the value of XYZ would vary accordingly.
Each of the methodologies mentioned take into account the information of XYZ in a different way, providing a
complementary view of the company’s value.
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4. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
4. Trading Valuation
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Valuation using Multiples of Trading Comparable Companies (continuation)
According to the multiples found and weighting each of them as indicated in the following table, the company’s valuation range would be of
between 169.172 and 186.980 Euros.
VALUATION USING MULTIPLES OF TRADING COMPARABLE COMPANIES
Companies E.V./Turnover E.V./EBITDA1 E.V./EBIT2 PER3
Euros 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012
Mean 0,35x 0,36x 0,30x 10,9x 7,4x 5,4x 16,9x 9,9x 7,0x 25,9x 15,6x 10,3x
Company XYZ's Magnitudes 4.421.756 4.386.531 4.474.261 14.549 17.414 19.490 14.372 17.062 18.958 10.779 12.796 14.219
Results: Value of the Company 1.564.738 1.559.332 1.322.394 159.030 129.028 105.893 242.783 168.805 132.625 170.328 91.225 145.949
Weights 5% 5% 5% 50% 50% 50% 25% 25% 25% 20% 20% 20%
2010 2011 2012
Value of the Company 388.776 275.907 298.172
Value of the Company reduced by 20% 311.021 220.726 238.538
Company Value Estimation USING MULTIPLES OF TRADING COMPARABLE COMPANIES 256.761 Euros
RANGE 5%
COMPANY'S VALUATION RANGE USING MULTIPLES OF TRADING COMPARABLE COMPANIES 243.923 269.599 Euros
- Net Debt (Negative) 108.765 108.765
VALUATION RANGE OF THE COMPANY'S EQUITY USING MULTIPLES OF TRADING COMPARABLE COMPANIES 352.688 378.365 Euros
Note 1 : EBITDA stands for Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation
Nota 2: EBIT stands for Earnings before interest and taxes
Nota 3: PER is equal to the company's market capitalization divided by the profit/loss (after taxation)
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5. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
5. Private Transactions Valuation
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Valuation using Multiples of Private Transactions (continuation)
According to this approach, the company’s valuation range would be of between 162.226 and 179.303 Euros. The weight of the results obtained
trough this methodology in the company’s final valuation are low for the reasons that have been previously explained.
XYZ'S VALUATION USING MULTIPLES OF PRIVATE TRANSACTIONS
Euros E.V./ Turnover E.V./EBITDA E.V./EBIT PER
Mean 0,34x 7,86x 9,29x 18,88x
Magnitudes 2009 of the Company 4.421.756 14.549 14.372 10.779
Results: Valuation of the Company 1.510.237 114.413 133.494 271.260
Weights 5% 50% 30% 15%
Company Value Estimation USING MULTIPLES OF PRIVATE TRANSACTIONS 213.456 Euros
Value of the company dicounting a 20% 170.765
RANGE 5%
COMPANY'S VALUATION RANGE USING MULTIPLES OF PRIVATE TRANSACTIONS 162.226 179.303 Euros
- Net Debt (67.806) (67.806)
VALUATION RANGE OF THE COMPANY'S EQUITY USING MULTIPLES OF PRIVATE TRANSACTIONS 94.420 111.497 Euros
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6. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
7. Conclusion: Valuation Range
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Conclusion: Final Valuation Range
Taking into account the results obtained using the different methodologies described, and considering that our reference
methodology is the DCF (with a weight of 85%, compared to 10% for the multiples of Trading Comparable Companies
methodology and the 5% of the multiples of Private Transactions methodology), we obtain an average value, to which we
apply a reliability range of +/- 5%.
Taking into account such assumptions, we conclude that the final valuation range for XYZ is the following : between
247.163 and 273.180 Euros.
DCF 256.971 284.021
Private Comparable Transactions 162.226 179.303
Trading Comparable Companies 169.172 186.980
Total 247.163 273.180
50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000
Equity’s Market Value
To calculate the market value of XYZ’s shares (Equity Value), the company’s net debt (it shows a company's overall debt
situation by netting the value of a company's liabilities and debts with its cash and other similar liquid assets) at the
moment of the valuation has to be subtracted from the enterprise value previously calculated.
Based on the historical data provided by the company, and considering the company’s net debt as of December of 2008
(1,669,850 Euros), the valuation range of the its Equity would be of between 179.357 y 205.374 Euros.
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7. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
Appendix I. e-Valora Company Presentation
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e-Valora offers financial consulting services to the private as well as to the public sector, and is specialized in
company valuations. Among other services provided, we must highlight advisory services towards mergers and
acquisitions, the elaboration of economic and financial studies, business and viability plans, and financial and
business consulting services.
Since its foundation in November of 2000 by a team of experts coming from international investment banks, e-
Valora has carried out more than 1,000 valuations of Spanish and foreign companies, from companies with less than
1 million Euros of turnover to companies with more than 500 million Euros of turnover, from start-ups to companies
with more than 80 years of history, including services and industrial companies.
At the end of 2008, e-Valora increased its professional team with members that have a wide experience in
investment banking, coming from entities such as Bank of America or Rothschild, that have worked in projects
belonging to every economic sector.
e-Valora has got ISO 9001 Certification in Business Valuation Services, Corporate Finance Advisory Services and
Elaboration of Valuation Multiples.
Its offices locations and contact details are the following :
e-Valuation Financial Services North America e-Valuation Financial Services Northern Europe
14 Wall Street, 20th Floor One Canada Square, 29th Floor, Canary Wharf
New York City, New York 10005 London E14 5DY
United States of America United Kingdom
e-Valuation Financial Services Central and South America e-Valuation Financial Services Southern Europe
Brickell Avenue, 11th Floor c/ José Ortega y Gasset, 42
Miami, 33131 Madrid, Madrid 28006
United States of America Spain
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8. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
Appendix II. WACC Calculation
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Calculation of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital
The cost of capital is equal to the weighted average of the cost of debt and equity
To calculate the DCF we need to estimate the company’s cost of capital:
When valuing XYZ, the WACC has been calculated as the mean of the WACC of other companies that operate in the same industry
In the following table we detail how such discount rate has been calculated:
Comparable Companies WACC
Company A
ADECCO 9,5%
Company B
RANDSTAD 9,7%
Company C
MANPOWER 10,9%
Company D
USG People 9,8%
Company E
Kelly services 9,8%
Company F
Kforce 10,0%
Company G Inc.
Administaff, 10,5%
Average 10,0%
+ 5 percentage points 5,0%
WACC 15,00%
The calculated and adjusted discount rate is of 15,0%. A 5% has been added to such rate to take into consideration the company’s risk premium given
that it is smaller than its comparables, its equity has no liquidity and its turnover is very concentrated.
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Nota 1: WACC: Weighted Average Cost of Capital
10. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
Appendix V. Glossary
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Intangible Assets or Intangible Fixed Asset: Non-physical assets such as franchises, trademarks, patents, copyrights, goodwill,
shares, securities and contracts (as distinguished from physical assets) that grant rights and privileges.
Tangible Assets or Tangible Fixed Asset: Physical assets (such as machinery, property, etc).
Amortization: Accounting procedure that gradually reduces the cost of value of an asset, tangible or intangible, (e.g.
investments in research & development), through periodic charges to the profit and loss account in order to fix the costs during
its estimated useful life.
Trading Comparable Companies: Those enterprises whose business value is obtained through methods that compare the
company to be valued to similar enterprises. It is calculated dividing the market value of the last ones by a financial magnitude
of the companies’ profit and loss account (such as net income, net sales, etc). When multiplying by the same enterprise’s
magnitude of the company to be valued, we will obtain its approximate value.
EBITDA: EBITDA refers to operating profit before amortizations.
EBIT: Earnings Before Interest and Taxes.
Balance Sheet: Statement of a company’s financial position at a given point in time. Lists the assets of a company and how
they have been financed. Total assets is equivalent to liabilities plus shareholders’ equity.
Cost of Supplies: Cost related to the production, supply, transport and storage of raw materials and the materials used in the
production process. In this section can also be included the cost of outsourcing services to provide the customer.
Profit and Loss Account: Financial statement that shows the expenses and revenues generated during a period of time.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital: Calculated as the cost of equity * (equity value / firm value) + cost of debt * (net debt /
firm value) * (1- corporate tax). It is a discount rate typically used to discount future free cash flows to the moment of
valuation.
Discounted Cash Flows (DCF): Company’s valuation method based on the idea that the value of a company is related to what it
is able to generate in the future. It is calculated as the future cash flows of a company, discounted back to present value using
an appropriate discount rate.
Net Debt: Total debt of the company minus any cash or liquid funds that the company has but does not require for its operating
activity.
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11. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
Appendix VI. e-Valuation’s References
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2008 - 2009
Advertising Ecological and Recycling Logistics Renewable Energies
Automotive Editorial Media Restaurant
Aviation Education and Training Metallurgy Retail
Biotechnology Electronics Quality Consulting Software and Data Security
Brokerage and Financial Services Engineering and Machinery New Techonlogies Sports
Building Materials Manufacturer Entertainment and Leisure Other Building Specilialists Steel
Business Services Forestry Outsourcing Services Technology
Construction and Contracts Healthcare Production and Distribution Telecommunicaciones
Construction and Materials Insurance Public Administration Textiles
Construction Related Services Internet Rail Transportation and Logistics
Consulting, Audit and Advisory Local TV Recreation Quemical Industry
NOTE: For confidentiality reasons our clients´ names are not revealed.
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12. Estrictamente Privado y Confidencial January 2011 COMPANY XYZ – TAILORED VALUATION
Appendix VII. Contact Details
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e-Valuation Financial Services North America e-Valuation Financial Services Northern Europe
14 Wall Street, 20th Floor One Canada Square, 29th Floor, Canary Wharf
New York City, New York, 10005 London, E14 5DY
Estados Unidos Reino Unido
e-Valuation Financial Services Central and South America e-Valuation Financial Services Southern Europe
111 Brickell Avenue, 11th Floor c/ José Ortega y Gasset, 42
Miami, 33131 Madrid, 28006
Estados Unidos España
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