1. BULLING IN SCHOOLS Student : EuridikiDamoulianou Professor : Tina Stathopoulou Course : Educational Psychology

2. THE DEFINITION OF BULLING Bulling is an aggressive behavior that is intended to cause harm or distress , occurs repeatedly over time and in a relationship in which there is imbalance of power. (American Medical Association, 2002)

4. Common Forms of Bulling

5. Different forms of bulling ( photos)

6. Common characteristics of “passive” victims Sensitive Insecure Low-self-esteem Socially isolated Physical weaker of their peers Children who have been victims of child-abuse ( for example , neglect and sexual abuse) (US department of justice ,2002)

7. Common characteristics of the Bullies Hyperactive Aggressive towards their peers, teachers, siblings and parents. Are physical stronger and have the need to dominate others. Have little empathy for their victims. Have difficulty conforming to rules. Quick-tempered Have attention deficit disorder. They are attention seekers.

8. Common characteristics of the Bullies They lack warmth, affection , communication and secure attachment with their parents. Their parents might have abused / neglected them , or they were too permissive. They engage into other anti-social behaviors apart from Bulling (such as vandalism , school drop-out , smoking , drinking and delinquency ). (American Medical Association, 2002) f

9. Bulling facts 6% of 4,743 children in grades 1 to 8 admitted bulling others more than once or twice in the past six weeks. Bulling occurs in school playgrounds every 7 minutes and once every 25 minutes in class. Boys report more physical forms of bulling while girls tend to bully in indirect ways such as gossiping or social exclusion. 85% of bulling episodes occur in the context of a peer group.

10. Other facts for Bulling Boys have more possibilities to bully than girls. Schools in socially disadvantaged areas have higher bulling rates and classes with students with behavioral ,emotional or learning problems have more bullies or victims than classes without such students. Bullies can harm a victim alone or with collaboration with other individuals. (America Association of school adimistrators,2009)

11. Warning Signs of Victimization The victim has unexplained cuts , bruises and scratches. He/she has few/ any friends. He/she complains for headaches and stomach aches. He/she has lost interest in school work. He/she has troubles sleeping or nightmares. He /she appears sad , moody , depressed. (America Association of school adimistrators,2009)

12. Consequences of Bulling Victims can experience post-traumatic stress and social anxiety-disorder. They can also , suffer from severe depression, insomnia/nightmares, stomach and head aches and acute asthma. Bullicide ( suicide caused due to bulling) , suicidal attempts or thoughts and self-hurting. Loss of self-esteem , self-confidence and self-respect and appetite. School problems (low performance/attendance at school). Withdraw. (Haynie,2001)

13. Consequences of Bulling photos

14. How to prevent bulling in schools Schools must create a school policy against bulling ( A statement of the rights, roles and responsibilities of all the members within the school premises. Also, the statement should provide to students the definition of bulling and the consequences of the students who engage into bulling) . Teachers should educate /inform students about bulling and its negative effects and to teach them to avoid it.

15. How to prevent bulling in schools Teachers should promote cooperative interactions. Teachers should develop awareness and prosocial attitudes. Teachers should ensure communication with students ( in order to be sure that they will report bulling). Teachers should be trained in order to be able to recognize the signs of bulling and the ways to act against it. Teachers should take reports of bulling seriously. Teachers should contact with the parents of the bully and victim. (chetday.com/preventschoolbullying)

16. How to support a victim of bulling 1)Provide the victim with language to speak out for him/herself. Empower him/her to speak out against her/his own victimization and that of others. 2) Counsel to support victim to cope with the effects of bullying. 3) connect the victim with prosocial peers from her/his own age group. 4) Ensure that the victim understands the importance of confiding in an adult if bulling happens again. 5) Ensure the victim that you view bulling as serious and his/her fears are justified. (American Medical Association, 2002)

17. How to support yourself/or a victim of bulling photos

18. Thank you very much for your attendance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1j6YA03hm4khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtz9o09Gjnc