This document provides information on verb conjugations in English, including the simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, and past perfect tenses. It discusses the formation of the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of regular and irregular verbs in each tense. Rules are provided for spelling changes in verbs ending in letters like -y and -o. Examples are given to illustrate how to use time expressions, frequency adverbs, and the different tenses within a single sentence. Equivalents for the English tenses in Spanish are also outlined.

1. VE AL T NSE IN E
RB
E S
NGL
ISH

2. P SE SIM L . T W
RE NT
P E O ORK
(T
RAB AR)
AJ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I work
You work
He works
She works
It works
We work
You work
They work
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA NEGATIVA
I do not (don’t) work
You do not (don’t) work
He does not (doesn’t) work
She does not (doesn’t) work
It does not (doesn’t) work
We don’t work
You don’t work
They don’t work

3. P SE SIM L . SP L ING RUL S
RE NT
PE EL
E
• Verbos acabados en “-y”.
1- “-y” precedida de consonante: carry
carries
2- “-y” precedida de vocal: stay
stays
• Verbos acabados en “-o”.
Go
goes
• Verbos acabados en “-s”, “-ss”, “-sh”, “ch”, “-z”, “-x”.
pass
passes
wash
washes
Al verbo se le añade una
sílaba, que suena /iz/
teach
teaches
relax
relaxes

4. P SE SIM L . T W
RE NT
P E O ORK
(T
RAB AR)
AJ
• FORMA
INTERROGATIVA
• Do I work ?
• Do you work ?
• Does he work ?
• Does she work ?
• Does it work ?
• Do we work ?
• Do you work ?
• Do they work ?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RESPUESTAS BREVES
Yes, I do / No, I don’t
Yes, you do / No, you don’t
Yes, he does / No, he
doesn’t
Yes, she does / No, she
doesn’t
Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t
Yes, we do / No, we don’t
Yes, you do / No, you don’t
Yes, they do / No, they don’t

5. ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA
•
•
HARDLY EVER
SOMETIMES
USUALLY
OFTEN
•
ALMOST ALWAYS
•
•
ALWAYS
•
•
ALWAYS: siempre
ALMOST ALWAYS:
casi siempre
OFTEN: a menudo
USUALLY:
usualmente
SOMETIMES: a veces
HARDLY EVER: casi
nunca
NEVER: nunca
NEVER
Los adverbios de frecuencia de colocan delante del verbo

6. EXPRESIONES ADVERBIALES
• Every day, week, month..: todos los días,
semanas, meses..
• At the weekend: el fin de semana
• Once a week: una vez a la semana
• Twice a week: dos veces a la semana
• On Sundays...: los domingos..
Estas expresiones adverbiales se colocan al principio o al final
de la frase

7. P SE CONT
RE NT
INUOUS. T W
O ORK
(T
RAB AR)
AJ
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I am (I’m) working: yo estoy
trabajando
You are (you’re) working: tú estás
trabajando
He is (he’s) working: él está
trabajando
She is ( she’s) working: ella está
trabajando
It is (it’s) working: está trabajando
We are (we’re) working: estamos
trabajando
You are ( you’re) working: estáis
trabajando
They are (they’re) working: están
trabajando.
FORMA NEGATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I am (I’m not) working: yo no estoy
trabajando
You are not (you aren’t) working:
tú no estás trabajando
He is not (isn’t) working: él no está
trabajando
She is not (isn’t) working: ella no
está trabajando
It is not (isn’t) working: no está
trabajando
We are not (we aren’t) working: no
estamos trabajando
You are not (you aren’t) working:
vosotros no estáis trabajando
They are not (they aren’t) working:
no están trabajando.

8. P SE CONT
RE NT
INUOUS. T W
O ORK
(T
RAB AR)
AJ
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Am I working?
Are you working?
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?
SHORT ANSWERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yes, I am / No I’m not
Yes you are / No, you aren’t
Yes, he is / No, he isn’t
Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Yes, it is / No, it isn’t
Yes, we are / No we aren’t
Yes, you are / No you aren’t
Yes, they are / No they
aren’t

9. P SE CONT
RE NT
INUOUS OR
P
ROGRE
SSIVE SP L ING RUL S
. EL
E
•
Verbos acabados en “-e” muda ( no se pronuncia).
Write
Writing
Agree
Agreeing ( La “-e” se mantiene porque suena en el infinitivo)
•
Verbos acabados en “-y”.
Carry
Carrying
Stay
Staying
(La “-y” se mantiene siempre)
•
Verbos de una sílaba con el esquema C+V+C
Stop
Stopping
La consonante se dobla
Run
Running
•
Verbos acabados con el diptongo “-ie”
Die
Dying
El diptongo cambia a “-y”
Lie
Lying

10. ADVERBIOS Y EXPRESIONES
ADVERBIALES CON PRESENT SIMPLE Y
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
PRESENT SIMPLE
Always
Almost always
Usually
Sometimes
Hardly ever
Never
Every day
At the weekend
Once a week..
On Sundays..
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
• Now: ahora
• Right now: ahora mismo
• At the moment: en este
momento
• These days,weeks..: estos
días, estas semanas..

11. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
Present Simple
Example:
Presente de indicativo
I teach English in a secondary school
Doy inglés en un instituto.
Present Simple
Example:
Presente de subjuntivo
When I get home, I will ring you up.
Cuando llegue a casa te llamaré.

12. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
Present Continuous
Example:
Presente de estar + gerundio
What are you doing?
¿Qué estás haciendo?.

13. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
Un uso especial del Present Continuous or Progressive es para
referirnos a nuestros planes o intenciones de un futuro más o menos
inmediato. En este caso, el Present Continuous or Progressive va
acompañado de una referencia de tiempo futura ( tomorrow=
mañana; next weekend= el fin de semana que viene). En este caso, el
Present Continuous se traduce con la perífrasis: ir a hacer algo .
Example:
What are you doing tomorrow evening?
¿Qué vas a hacer mañana por la noche?
Tomorrow evening I’m going out for dinner
Mañana por la noche voy a cenar fuera

14. P
AST SIM L . T W
P E O ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I worked
You worked
He worked
She worked
It worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA NEGATIVA
I did not (didn’t) work
You did not (didn’t) work
He did not (didn’t) work
She did not (didn’t)work
It did not (didn’t) work
We did not (didn’t)work
You did not (didn’t) work
They did not (didn’t) work

15. P
AST SIM L . SP L ING RUL S
PE EL
E
•
Verbos acabados en “-y”.
1- “-y” precedida de consonante: carry
2- “-y” precedida de vocal: stay
•
carried
stayed
Verbos acabados en “-e”.
advise
•
Verbos de una sílaba con el esquema C+V+C
Stop
Plan
•
advised
Stopped
Planned
La consonante se dobla
Verbos de dos sílabas con el esquema C+V+C cuya última sílaba es tónica (se
pronuncia con más fuerza)
PreFER
Preferred
La consonante se dobla
PerMIT
Permitted

16. P
AST SIM L . P
P E RONUNCIAT
ION RUL S
E
La terminación “-ed” tiene tres pronunciaciones diferentes: /d/ - /t/
- /id/.
Pronunciamos /id/, por tanto añadimos una sílaba más al verbo,
cuando éste acaba en sonido dental, esto es, sonido /d/ o sonido
/t/.
Ejemplo:
Start
Started
ID
End
Ended

17. P
AST SIM L . T W
P E O ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
Did I work ?
Did you work ?
Did he work ?
Did she work ?
Did it work ?
Did we work ?
Did you work ?
Did they work ?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RESPUESTAS BREVES
Yes, I did / No, I didn’t
Yes, you did / No, you
didn’t
Yes, he did / No, he didn’t
Yes, she did / No, she didn’t
Yes, it did / No, it didn’t
Yes, we did / No, we didn’t
Yes, you did / No, you
didn’t
Yes, they did / No, they
didn’t

18. IRRE
GUL VE S
AR RB
Hay unos verbos en inglés que no siguen la
regla de la terminación “-ed” para formar
el pasado. Estos verbos tienen su propia
forma de pasado y constituyen el grupo de
verbos llamado verbos irregulares.
Fall
Fell
Write
Wrote

19. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
Past Simple
Example:
Pretérito Perfecto Simple de Indicativo
I worked very late yesterday.
Trabajé hasta muy tarde ayer.
Past Simple
Example:
Pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ara;-ase)
If I saw him today.......
Si lo viera / viese hoy.......

20. P
AST CONT
INUOUS. T W
O ORK
(T
RAB AR)
AJ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I was working
You were working
He was working
She was working
It was working
We were working
You were working
They were working
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA NEGATIVA
I was not (wasn’t) working
You were not (weren’t)
working
He was not (wasn’t) working
She was not (wasn’t)
working
It was not (wasn’t) working
We were not (weren’t)
working
You were not (weren’t)
working
They were not (weren’t)
working

21. P
AST CONT
INUOUS. T W
O ORK
(T
RAB AR)
AJ
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
• Was I working?
• Were you working?
• Was he working?
• Was she working?
• Was it working?
• Were we working?
• Were you working?
• Were they working?
SHORT ANSWERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yes, I was / No I wasn’t
Yes you were / No, you
weren’t
Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t
Yes, she was / No, she
wasn’t
Yes, it was / No, it wasn’t
Yes, we were / No we
weren’t
Yes, you were / No you
weren’t
Yes, they were / No they
weren’t

22. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
Past Continuous
Example:
Pretérito Imperfecto de Indicativo (-aba;-ía)
She was driving very fast.
Conducía muy rápido.
Past Continuous
Example:
Perífrasis verbal: estaba + gerundio.
We were having a good time.
Nos lo estábamos pasando bien.

23. P
AST CONT
INUOUS AND P
AST SIM L
PE
IN A SE E
NT NCE
En una frase podemos combinar el Past Simple con el Past Continuos or
Progressive. El Past Continuous se refiere a lo que estaba sucediendo
mientras que el Past Simple se refiere a lo que de repente pasó mientras algo
ya estaba ocurriendo.
En estos casos las conjunciones que usamos para unir estas acciones son
when: cuando; while: mientras
Example: The teacher was writing on the board when the bell rang.
El profesor escribía/ estaba escribiendo en la pizarra cuando sonó el
timbre.
The bell rang
The teacher was writing on the board

24. P
AST P RF CT T W
E E . O ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I had worked
You had worked
He had worked
She had worked
It had worked
We had worked
You had worked
They had worked
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA NEGATIVA
I had not (hadn’t) worked
You had not (hadn’t) worked
He had not (hadn’t) worked
She had not (hadn’t) worked
It had not (hadn’t) worked
We had not (hadn’t) worked
You had not (hadn’t) worked
They had not (hadn’t)
worked

25. P
AST P RF CT T W
E E . O ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
• Had I worked?
• Had you worked?
• Had he worked?
• Had she worked?
• Had it worked?
• Had we worked?
• Had you worked?
• Had they worked?
SHORT ANSWERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yes, I had/ No I hadn’t
Yes you had / No, you
hadn’t
Yes, he had / No, he hadn’t
Yes, she had / No, she
hadn’t
Yes, it had / No, it hadn’t
Yes, we had / No we hadn’t
Yes, you had / No you
hand’t
Yes, they had / No they
hadn’t

26. P
AST P RF CT DE UN VE O
E E
RB
IRRE
GUL
AR
Como hemos visto en las anteriores diapositivas el past
perfect se forma con had + participio, cuya terminación
es igual que la del pasado de un verbo regular, esto es,
con la terminación “-ed”.
De nuevo tenemos el problema de los verbos irregulares.
El participio de estos verbos tiene su propia forma y por
tanto habrá que aprender dicho participio. Por ejemplo:
Write
Witten
You had written
Know
Known
She had known

27. USE OF P
AST P RF CT
E E
El past perfect se usa para describir una acción pasada
que es anterior a otra pasada.
Example:
I had laid the table before my
guests arrived
Había puesto la mesa antes de que llegaran
mis invitados
¿Qué acción sucede en primer lugar? Poner la mesa
Por tanto el verbo va en past pefect

28. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
Past Perfect
Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de indicativo
I had made a reservation before we arrived at the hotel
Había hecho una reserva antes de que llegáramos al hotel
Past Perfect
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
If I hadn’t made a reservation before....
Si no hubiera/ hubiese hecho antes una reseva......

29. W
AYS OF E RE
P SSING F URE T
UT
. O
W
ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I will work
You will work
He will work
She will work
It will work
We will work
You will work
They will work
FORMA NEGATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I will not ( won’t) work
You will not ( won’t) work
He will not ( won’t) work
She will not ( won’t) work
It will not ( won’t) work
We will not ( won’t) work
You will not ( won’t) work
They will not ( won’t) work

30. W
AYS OF E RE
P SSING F URE W L O
UT
. IL .T
W
ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
I work?
you work?
he work?
she work?
it work?
we work?
you work?
they work?
SHORT ANSWERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yes, I will/ No I won’t
Yes you will / No, you won’t
Yes, he will / No, he won’t
Yes, she will / No, she won’t
Yes, it will / No, it won’t
Yes, we will / No we won’t
Yes, you will / No you won’t
Yes, they will / No they
won’t

31. USE OF W L
IL
PREDICTIONS
People will live longer and so life expectancy will increase
Las persona vivirán más y por tanto la expectativa de vida aumentará.
I’m afraid the prices of flats will not (won’t) go down.
Me temo que los precios de los pisos no bajarán.

32. USE OF W L
IL
PROMISES
I promise I wont’ let you down.
Prometo que no te defraudaré.

33. USE OF W L
IL
OFFERINGS ( SHALL I....?)
Shall I get you a drink?
¿Quieres que te ponga algo de beber?
SUGGESTIONS ( SHALL WE...?)
Shall we dine out tonight?
¿Quieres que salgamos cenar esta noche?

34. USE OF W L
IL
SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS
YOU HAVE LEARNT YOU HAVE WON THE LOTTERY. YOUR FIRST
REACTION IS : I will buy a big house!
YOU SEE YOUR NEIGHBOUR CARRYING TWO HEAVY BAGS.
YOUR REACTION IS: I will help you.
YOU SEE SOMEONE HAS BEEN ROBBED. YOUR FIRST REACTION
IS: I will phone the police!

35. W
AYS OF E RE
P SSING F URE B
UT
. E
GOING T . T W
O O ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
I am( I’m) going to work
You are( you’re) going to work
He is (he’s) going to work
She is (she’s) going to work
It is (it’s) going to work
We are (we’re) going to work
You are (you’re) going to work
They are (they’re) going to work
NEGATIVE FORM
I am notgoing to work
You are not (aren’t) going to work
He is not (isn’t) going to work
She is not (isn’t) going to work
It is not (isn’t) going to work
We are not (aren’t) going to work
You are not (aren’t) going to work
They are not (aren’t) going to work

36. W
AYS OF E RE
P SSING F URE B
UT
. E
GOING T . T W
O O ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
SHORT ANSWERS
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Am I going to work?
Are you going to work?
Is he going to work?
Is she going to work?
Is it going to work?
Are we going to work?
Are you going to work?
Are they going to work?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yes, I am / No I’m not
Yes you are / No, you aren’t
Yes, he is / No, he isn’t
Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Yes, it is / No, it isn’t
Yes, we are / No we aren’t
Yes, you are / No you aren’t
Yes, they are / No they aren’t

37. USE OF B GOING T
S
E
O
PLANS AND INTENTIONS
(Ir a hacer algo)
This year I’m going to learn English!
Este año voy a aprender inglés.

38. USE OF B GOING T
S
E
O
PREDICTIONS
(Futuro inmediato, algo está a punto de
suceder y está basado en alguna evidencia)
A: The sky is very cloudy
B: Yes. It’s going to rain.
Sí.Va a llover

39. W
AYS OF E RE
XP SSING F URE
UT
.
P SE CONT
RE NT
INUOUS
HAZ CLICK AQUÍ PARA IR A LA DIAPOSITIVA
CORRESPONDIENTE

40. P SE P RF CT T W
RE NT E E . O ORK
(T
RAB AR)
AJ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I have worked
You have worked
He has worked
She has worked
It has worked
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked
FORMA NEGATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I have not / haven’t worked
You have not / haven’t worked
He has not / hasn’t worked
She has not / hasn’t worked
It has not / hasn’t worked
We have not / haven’t worked
You have not / haven’t worked
They have not / haven’t worked

41. P SE P RF CT T W
RE NT E E . O ORK
(T
RAB AR)
AJ
SHORT ANSWERS
FORMA INTEROGATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Have I worked?
Have you worked?
Has he worked?
Has she worked?
Has it worked?
Have we worked?
Have you worked?
Have they worked?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t
Yes you have / No, you haven’t
Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t
Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
Yes,they have /No, they haven’t

42. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
Present Perfect
Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto
I have travelled to many different countries
He viajado a muchos países diferentes
She has met a lot of celebrities in her career as a
journalist
Ha conocido a muchos famosos en su profesión
como periodista.

43. ADVERBIOS USADOS CON PRESENT
PERFECT
EVER:
alguna vez. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio). Ejemplo: Have
you ever seen a falling star?: ¿Has visto alguna vez una estrella fugaz?
NEVER: nunca. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio).
Ejemplo: I have never been to the USA: Nunca he estado en
los Estados Unidos.
JUST:
Con este adverbio nos referimos a acciones muy recientes, por tanto lo
traducimos como acabar de hacer algo. Se coloca antes
del verbo principal (del
participio).
Ejemplo: -Is Claudia in? –Yes, she has just arrived. – ¿Esta Claudia?
- Sí, acaba de llegar.
RECENTLY: recientemente. Podemos usar este adverbio en distintas posiciones dentro de
la frase. Ejemplo: Have you been on a diet recently? (final de la frase) ¿Te
has puesto a dieta recientemente?
I have recently re-read “Cien Años de Soledad” (antes del participio) : He
vuelto a leer recientemente “Cien Años de Soledad”.

44. DIF RE
E NCIAS E RE P SE P RF CT
NT
RE NT E E
YP
AST SIM L
PE
PRESENT PERFECT
1- Preguntamos si alguien ha hecho alguna vez
en su vida:
Ejemplo: Have you ever eaten snails? ¿Has
comido alguna vez caracoles?
2- Decimos lo que hemos hecho en nuestra vida
Ejemplo. I have eaten snails. He comido
caracoles
3- Usamos el present prefect con referencias de
tiempo que aún no han acabado .como por
ejemplo: this year, today..
Ejemplo: I’ve seen Carla today. Hoy he
visto a Carla
PAST SIMPLE
1- Preguntamos cuándo hizo alguien algo.
Ejemplo: When did you eat snails?
¿Cuándo comiste caracoles?
2- Decimos cuándo hicimos algo. Evidentemente
acompañaremos esta frase con una
referencia de tiempo pasada.
Ejemplo: I ate snails when I was a child.
Comí caracoles cuando era niño.
3- Usamos el past simple con referencias de
tiempo ya acabadas, como por ejemplo: last
year, yesterday
Ejemplo; I saw Carla yesterday. Ayer vi a
Carla

45. ADVERBIOS USADOS CON PRESENT
PERFECT
ALREADY: Ya. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio) y en
oraciones afirmativas. Ejemplo: They have already finished their
work so they are going home. Ya han acabado su trabajo así que se
van a casa.
YET: Este adverbio tiene dos significados diferentes según el tipo de
oración. Veamos:
1- oraciones interrogativas: ya. Su posición es al final.
Ejemplo: Have you sent all these emails yet? ¿Has enviado ya
todos estos correos?
2- oraciones negativas: todavía. Su posición es al final.
Ejemplo: No I haven’t sent them yet. No, todavía no los he
enviado.

46. P SE P RF CT CONT
RE NT E E
INUOUS. T
O
W
ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I have been working
You have been working
He has been working
She has been working
It has been working
We have ben working
You have been working
They have been working
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FORMA NEGATIVA
I have not / haven’t been
working
You have not / haven’t been
working
He has not / hasn’t been
working
She has not / hasn’t been
working
It has not / hasn’t been
working
We have not / haven’t been
working
You have not / haven’t been
working
They have not / haven’t been
working

47. P SE P RF CT CONT
RE NT E E
INUOUS. T
O
W
ORK (T
RAB AR)
AJ
SHORT ANSWERS
FORMA INTEROGATIVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Have I been working?
Have you been working?
Has he been working?
Has she been working?
Has it been working?
Have we been working?
Have you been working?
Have they been working?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t
Yes you have / No, you haven’t
Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t
Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
Yes,they have /No, they haven’t

48. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
El Present Perfect Continuous equivale a nuestra
perífrasis: haber estado haciendo algo.
En este sentido, su uso es muy parecido al del
present perfect + just: acabar de hacer algo.
Ejemplo: -What’s the matter? You have tears in
your eyes! ¿Qué pasa? ¡Tienes lágrimas en los
ojos! - Don’t worry. I have been peeling onions.
No te preocupes. He estado pelando cebollas

49. USOS E E
SP CIAL S DE P SE P RF CT
E
RE NT E E
(CONT
INUOUS) CON F
OR/
SINCE
.
• Es muy frecuente usar ambos tiempos verbales
con las preposiciones de tiempo for y since. Son
frases del tipo:
I have been a teacher for 23 years.
Soy profesor desde hace veintitrés años.
I have been living in Madrid since 1975.
Vivo/Llevo viviendo en Madrid desde 1975.
Llama la atención como he traducido estas frases
¿verdad?

50. USOS E E
SP CIAL S DE P SE P RF CT
E
RE NT E E
(CONT
INUOUS) CON F
OR/
SINCE
.
• En primer lugar hay que saber que usamos el present perfect simple o
el present perfect continuous con for/since para referirnos a acciones
que empezaron en el pasado pero que todavía se continúan en el
presente.
I became a teacher
I am a teacher
1987
2010
I have been a teacher for 23 years
Soy profesor desde hace 23 años
I have been a teacher since 1987
Soy profesor desde 1987

51. USOS E E
SP CIAL S DE P SE P RF CT
E
RE NT E E
(CONT
INUOUS) CON F
OR/
SINCE
.
DIFERENCIAS ENTRE FOR Y SINCE.
FOR: se usa para indicar la cantidad de tiempo que
llevamos haciendo algo.
Ejemplo: I have been studying sign language for four
months: Llevo estudiando/estudio lengua de signos desde
hace cuatro meses.
SINCE: se usa para indicar el momento o fecha exacta en
que empezamos a hacer algo.
Ejemplo: I have been studying sign language since
October: Llevo estudiando/estudio lengua de signos
desde octubre.

52. E RE
XP SIONE CON F
S
OR/
SINCE
FOR
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Three minutes
Two hours
Some weeks (unas, algunas semanas)
One month
Many years
Ages (mucho tiempo)
A long time (mucho tiempo)
......
Como se ve con estos ejemplos,
siempre usamos for con expresiones
referidas a cantidades de tiempo.
SINCE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nine o’clock
Yesterday
Thursday
2006
Last Christmas
I was a child (era niño)
I first saw you... (te vi por primera vez)
.......
Como se ve a partir de estos ejemplos,
usamos since con expresiones de
tiempo exactas, que nos marcan el
comienzo de una acción.

53. H
OW L
ONG W H P SE P RF CT
IT RE NT E E
(CONT
INUOUS).
Es muy frecuente usar el Present Perfect Simple y el Present Perfect Continuous en
interrogativas con how long.
En este caso lo traducimos al castellano como:
haces algo?
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que
Ejemplos:
llevas haciendo
algo?
How long have you been a teacher?
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que eres profesor?
How long have you been living in Madrid?
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que llevas viviendo en Madrid?

54. E
QUIVAL NCIA CON L T M OS
E
OS IE P
VE AL S E CAST L ANO
RB E N
EL
Cuando usamos el Present Perfect Simple (have/has+participio) o el
Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been+ing) con las
preposiciones For /Since la equivalencia en castellano es:
1- Presente de indicativo
2- Llevar haciendo algo x tiempo.
Ejemplos:
1- I have known my English teacher since October: Conozco a mi
profesor de inglés desde octubre.
2- I have been teaching for 23 years: Llevo dando clase desde hace
23 años.

55. P SE P RF CT SIM L /P SE P RF CT
RE NT E E
P E RE NT E E
CONT
INUOUS CON F /
OR SINCE
.
Por último saber cuándo usar Present Perfect Simple
(have/has+participio) y cuándo Present Perfect Continuous (have/has
been+ing).
Present Perfect Simple
Non-action verbs: be – have (cuando expresa posesión) – knowlove-hate...
Ejemplos:
I’ve had this car since 1999: tengo este coche desde 1999
They have known their teacher for four months: Conocen a su
profesor desde hace cuatro meses.

56. P SE P RF CT SIM L /P SE P RF CT
RE NT E E
P E RE NT E E
CONT
INUOUS CON F /
OR SINCE
.
Present Perfect Continuous
Action verbs: Verbos que describen una acción, en vez de un estado,
como en la diapositiva anterior
Ejemplos:
I’ve been working as a teacher since 1987: Trabajo / Llevo
trabajando de profesor desde 1987
They have been learning English with Jesús for four months:
Llevan aprendiendo inglés con Jesús (desde hace) cuatro meses.