2. Client, Host, Server
 Server- applications or systems available to clients and
hosts
 Interconnects clients with hosts
 Host- is the main server
 Clients use what is provided by the server

3. Mainframe, Supercompute
rs
 Synonymous of each other
 Powerful computers used by corporate &
government organization
 Used for processing bulk data such as a census

4. Grid Computing, Distributed
Processing
 Grid computing- combination of computer resources
 Distributed processing- how the grid computing
works

5. Ethernet, Peer-to-peer
(P2P)
 Ethernet divides data into packets
 Each frame contains source and destination
addresses and error-checking data
 P2P is am application that distributes workloads
among peers

6. Local Area Network (LAN),
Wide Area Network (WAN)
 LAN is a computer network that interconnects
computers in a limited area
 WAN is a telecommunication network that covers a
broad area
 Businesses and governments use WANs to relay
data

7. Virtual LAN (VLAN), Wireless
LAN (WLAN)
 VLAN is a group of hosts with a common set of
requirements
 WLAN links two or more devices using one of
several wireless distribution methods

8. Internet, Intranet, Extranet
 Internet is publically shared throughout anyone who
has access to it
 Intranet is a private network that is accessible only
to people of the same company or organization
 Extranet allows access with the use of a username
and password

9. Virtual Private Network
 Uses public telecommunication
 Provides remote offices or traveling users access to
a central organized network
 Users have to be authenticated

10. Routers, Switches, Hubs
 Routers perform the “traffic directing”
 Forward data packets between computer networks
 Switch- small hardware device that joins multiple
computers together within one (LAN)
 They are capable of inspecting data packets as they are
received
 Hub- small, simple, inexpensive device that joins multiple
computers together
 Support the Ethernet standard

11. Optical Fiber, Cables
 Optical fiber- the medium and technology associated
with the transmission of information as light pulses
along a glass or plastic strand or fiber
 Carry much more information than conventional
copper wire
 Cables are basic tools used to share data or
transmit power

12. Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)
 Used to wirelessly connect electronic devices
 300-600 feet of range depending on strength
 Requires a wireless network or an internet hot spot

13. WiMax
 WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system
that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area
networks”
 It can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up
to 30 miles for fixed stations, and 3-10 miles for
mobile stations

14. Bluetooth
 Bluetooth is a very simple type of wireless
networking
 It sends out a weak connection that is only picked up
by devices within a 32 foot range
 Bluetooth uses a technique called
spread-spectrum frequency
hopping

15. Network Operating System
(NOS) & Utility Software
 NOS is the software that runs on a server and
enables the server to manage data, users, etc
 Utility software is a kind of system software
designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and
maintain the computer
 Usually focuses on how the computer infrastructure
operates
 Utilities are often rather technical and targeted at
people with an advanced level of computer
knowledge

16. Storage Area Network (SAN) &
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
(RAID)
 SAN is a dedicated network that provides access to
consolidated, block level data storage
 They are primarily used to make storage devices
 RAIDs are used for their higher reliability and data-
transfer rate, rather than for economic reasons

18. Introduction to Network
Administration
 A network administrator is a person who’s job is to
monitor, install, configure and repair network
equipment
 Also, in some companies a network admin can
involve themselves in fixing some of the computers
on the network.

19. Access Control
Gaining admission to a network requires both
Identification and Authentication.
Identification: State your identity.
Authentication: Prove it.

20. Authentication
 Network authentication is usually based off of having
one or more of the following:
 Something you know: a password, or possibly a PIN
 Something you have: a key, ID card
 Something you are: fingerprints, retinas/iris, voice
 Somewhere you are: proximity to a certain place

21. Authorization
 This is applied once a user has access to network.
 Authorization dictates what a “subject” can do to the
system once they have access
 “One-Note, Google Docs”
 Sometimes these are called “Permissions”

22. Accountability
 Just as the Authorization system tells you what you
can do, a system for Accountability monitors what
you did.
 These systems will monitor things like:
 Applications used
 Internet history
 Time spent on the network

23. Computers & Security
 Firewall: a device set up to deny access to a
network if a computer does not match a set of
requirements
 Proxy: a server used to access other computers
 License: gives a owner the right to use a network or
software (single user, multi-user, network-wide)
 Encryption: Information transformed using a cypher
that will seem useless unless one has a certain key
to have it make sense.

24. Physical Security
 Networks and mainframe data centers can also be
protected physically.
 Locks and doors
 Extra authentification requirements
 Surveillance
 Security Guards
 Ext…

25. Network Policies
 These are the rules, guidelines and constraints that
dictate how and what things can be done on a
network.
 These will also dictate how the network is protected
from corruption and is archived.
 A more physical policy used to protect data centers
is that of UPS (uninterruptable power supply)

26. Ethics
 Networks can also be used in more unethical
ways, such as spreading viruses, spam and other
hindrances
 Many people/companies/schools have network rules
that employees must follow while on their network

28. Protocols
 A set of rules that governs the communications
between computers on a network
 To communicate, two computers must speak the
same “language”
 Different network protocols allow any computer to
communicate around the world

29. Synchronous &
Asynchronous
 The two different ways used communicating over a
physical circuit
 Synchronous- This connection negotiation process
takes longer on a low error-rate, but is better with
systems that the transmission medium is not very
reliable
 Transmissions are synced by external clock

30. Synchronous & Asynchronous
Continued
 Asynchronous- Called “best effort” transmission
because on side transmits and the other receives
(the best it can)
 Transmissions synchronized by signals

31. Remote Access
 People are able to access data or resources from a
remote location.
 Traditional remote access solutions used dial-up
technologies to allow employees to connect to an
office network via telephone networks connecting to
remote access servers

32. Bandwidth & Broadband
 Bandwidth- The amount of
communication resources
used or vacant expressed in
bits/second
 Broadband- The
telecommunications signal
or device of a
greater bandwidth than
another signal or device
(the broader the band, the
greater the capacity for
traffic)

33. Bit Rates
 The number of bits that are conveyed or processed
per unit of time