2 my sql overview technology etc[1]. etc

MySQL Overview:
Technology etc. etc.

Copyright 2005 MySQL AB The World’s Most Popular Open Source Database 1

Prof. Erwin M. Globio, MSIT

http://erwinglobio.wix.com/ittraining/
http://ittrainingsolutions.com/
http://erwinglobio.sulit.com.ph/
http://erwinglobio.multiply.com/


Perspective

“We're both in the transportation business. We have
a 747, and they have a Toyota.”
Comparison of Oracle and MySQL made by Oracle president, Charles
Phillips, at the Vortex Conference in October 2004

“There are many more Toyotas sold than 747s. Also,
Toyota is a very profitable company.”
MySQL CEO Marten Mickos, responding to Mr. Phillips’ statement


Database Market Share: Revenue
IBM, Oracle, & Microsoft are Leaders

Sybase, 2.30 Others, 7.00

IBM , 34.10
Teradata, 2.90

Microsoft,
20.00

Oracle, 33.70
Gartner, May 2005

Notes:
• Majority of IBM share resides on mainframe (z/OS)
M
• Overall market grew 10.4% in 2004


Yahoo Futures - Databases

http://buzz.research.yahoo.com

Open Source Adoption

75% Using or Considering Using Open Source


Linux Adoption

$
$35 billion in revenues by 2008 (Source: IDC)

Revenue Revenue Growth
2Q 2004 2Q 2004

60.00%
5000
50.00%
4000
40.00%
$ Millions

3000
30.00%
2000 20.00%

1000 10.00%

0 0.00%
Window s Unix Other Linux
Windows Unix Other Linux -10.00%

Source: Gartner


Database Adoption on Linux
Database Revenue on Linux grew 118% to $650M in 2004


Performance – Part 1
• eWeek’s database benchmark test showed:
– MySQL has top overall performance and scalability
– MySQL excelled in stability, easy of tuning, and connectivity
– MySQL offered high throughput – tied for 1st


Performance – Part 2


Popular Technology Stacks
LAMP J2EE .NET

Java .net / C#

Perl

MySQL MySQL MySQL

Apache IIS
Apache Tomcat Apache
JBoss JBoss

Linux
Linux or Windows
Solaris


Open Source Timeline

Apache MySQL
Larry Wall Linus Torvalds releases
develops Web Server
creates Linux is released first
Perl GPL version

1986 1991 1994 1995

1990 1993 1994
Van Rossum Lerdorf
releases FreeBSD 1.0 releases
Python Released PHP

Etc…


Open Source Databases

Source: Forrester Research

Evans Data Corp
SANTA CRUZ, CA, October 18, 2005 - Open source database deployments are up more
than 20% in the last six months, according to Evans Data’s Fall 2005 Database
Development Survey. MySQL use, for example, has increased by more than 25% in six
months and is approaching a majority in the database space, with 44% of developers
using the open source database.

Database security is an important facet of database development, Evans Data found that
proprietary database servers are almost twice as likely to have suffered a security
breach in the last year compared to open source database servers. The most likely security
breach for a proprietary database was a network intrusion and, for open source databases,
the most likely breach was a user authentication breach.

“We continue to see the maturation of open source databases reflected by the continually
increasing levels of adoption,” said John Andrews, Evans Data’s President. “In a number of
our ratings categories, we’re seeing open source databases meeting or exceeding
proprietary databases.”

Overall deployments of open source databases have grown 20 per cent.

Source: http://www.evansdata.com/n2/pr/releases/EDCDB05_02.shtml

The World’s Most Popular Open Source DB

• Exceeded the 2M download mark for v5 in August.
• As of September 22, 2005:
– MySQL Server 5.0.x
• 2,213,943 total downloads
• 1,007,795 in 2005
– MySQL Server 4.1.x
• 7,277,437 downloads
• 5,701,907 in 2005 v5
• Average 40,000 downloads per day.
• More alpha and beta users means a better product.
• Some customers already using v5 in production!


MySQL Products
DB Server Connectors & APIs GUI Tools
Linux Connector/J Query Browser
Solaris Connector/MXJ Administrator
FreeBSD Connector/ODBC Migration Toolkit
OpenBSD Connector/NET
MacOSX C API (included in the
HP-UX s
server)
AIX
Netware
SCO
Irix
QNX
Windows


Second Generation Open Source
• MySQL AB is a profitable company
– Develops the software in-house; community helps test it
– Owns source code, copyrights and trademarks
– Targets the “commoditized” market for databases
• “Quid Pro Quo” dual licensing for OEM market
– Cost-effective commercial licenses for commercial use
– Open source GPL license for open source projects
• Annual MySQL Network subscription for Enterprise, Web and
OEM development/testing
– Per server annual subscription
– Includes support, alert and update advisors, Knowledge Base,
Certified/Optimized Binaries
• MySQL Support
– Worldwide 24 x 7 support “Reasoning's inspection study shows
– Training and certification that the code quality of MySQL was
– Consulting six times better than that of
comparable proprietary code. ”


MySQL Network
The best of both worlds: Open Source Freedom and Software Protection

Publicly Available MySQL Network

• MySQL Software (community edition)
M  MySQL Software
• Release early & often  Certified Software
• Bleeding edge
• Scripts/Manual
 Maintenance updates
• Freeware  Update Advisor
• Enterprise Class
 Technical Alert Advisor
 Knowledge Base
 Production Support
 Indemnification
 From the developers that built MySQL


MySQL Certified Binaries

• Are available as part of MySQL Network ~ 2 times per year
• Certified by MySQL engineers and QA process
• Have passed security and defect analysis tests
• New platforms added quarterly

Operating System Certified Platforms
RedHat Enterprise Linux 3/4  Intel-IA32 (Xeon)
I  Intel-EMT32/64 (Nacona)
I
 Intel-IA64 (Itanium)  AMD-64 (Opteron)
I A
Suse Enterprise Server 9 • Intel-IA32 (Xeon)
I  Intel-EMT32/64 (Nacona)
I
• Intel-IA64 (Itanium)  AMD-64 (Opteron)
I A
Windows Server 2000/2003 • Intel-IA32 (Xeon)
I
• Intel-IA64 (Itanium)
I
Solaris 9/10 • Sparc 32/64

HP UX 11/11i • Intel-IA64 (Itanium)
I


MySQL Software Priorities

Performance Reliability Ease of Use
MySQL, Sun and BEA WebLogic Set
New World Records for Speed & Price/ 15 Minute Rule
Performance in SPEC Benchmarks Study found Up and running in 15 minutes
comparatively fewer
bugs in MySQL*

Lower
TCO

* Robert Lemos CNET News.com Feb 4, 2005


MySQL Feature Highlights
ANSI- Stored Triggers Cursors Sub-Queries Joins Datatypes
Compliant SQL Procedures (varchar,
B
BLOB)
Security Data Data Views Custom SQL User-Defined SQL
Authentication Encryption Decryption Functions Functions Functions

Geospatial B-Tree Hash R-Tree Clustered Full Text Point-in-Time
Support Indexes Indexes Indexes Indexes Indexes Recovery

Table Data Row-Level ACID Commit / Server-Based Identity ENUM
Compression Locking Transactions Rollback Foreign Keys Columns Columns

High-Speed Consistent / Management Dynamic Replication Deadlock Cluster
Data Load MVCC Read Tools Configuration Support Detection Support

Auto-Growth UTF-8 / Full Backup Query Performance SQL Parser Query
Storage Unicode Cache Tracing Optimizer

Security SSL Lock OS Portable 32/64 Bit 24 Supported Index Scale-Out
Support Isolations Files Support Platforms Caches Capable

Precision Data JDBC, Crash Logical Trigger-Based Memory
Math Dictionary ODBC, .NET, Recovery Backups Foreign Keys Tables
API’s
Storage Table Data ISV Cluster Client Access Compressed Enforced Data Embedded
Engines Caches Support Utilities Indexes Integrity Support

Connection User Error Migration Table EXPLAIN Terabyte
Pooling Caches Logging Tools Cache Plans Scale


What’s New? Now
GA!
MySQL 5.0

Performance Reliability Ease of Use
• Stored Procedures • SQL Mode • Migration Toolkit
• Cluster query push down • Triggers • Information Schema
• Query optimizations • Views • Cursors
• Archive Engine • Precision Math • Enhanced GUI Tools
• InnoDB storage improvements • Distributed Transactions
• Cluster object support

Faster Better Increased
Manageability


MySQL Performance: 5.0 vs. 4.1


MySQL Performance: 5.0 vs. Others


MySQL Architecture


Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture
• MySQL supports several storage engines that act as
handlers for different table types.
• Choose, create, or extend a storage engine that best
suits your applications unique requirements.
• What is most important to you?
- Read Intensive - Replication
- OLTP - Online Backups
- Transactions - Data Warehousing
- Performance - Foreign Keys
- Scalability - Small Footprint
- Level of Concurrency - Row Level Locking
- Indexes Types - Embedded
- Storage Utilization - Table Level Locking
- High Availability - Clustering
• And if you change your mind?
mysql> ALTER TABLE mytable ENGINE=MyISAM;

Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture

*

* In MySQL 5.0 transactions are supported, however, the partial rollback of a transaction is not supported. Cluster supports the
READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_READ, and SERIALIZABLE transaction isolation levels.


Federated Engine

What is it…?
• New storage engine in MySQL 5.0
• Purpose in life is to reference data on remote MySQL servers
• Distributed translation handled in DDL definition
• Accesses data in tables of any storage format of remote MySQL databases
• Sends queries over the network and formats return results
• Can create one logical database server from one-many physical servers
MySQL MySQL
Server A Server B

Select *
From LocalTab a, Federated
RemoteTab b Engine
Where a.col1=b.col1…


Federated Engine

What are the benefits…?
• Can easily carry out data archiving/historical data offloading tasks
• No special middleware needed for remote access
• Transparent access for all DML actions and SELECT actions
• Ideal for integrating data without implementing a data warehousing scheme

Select *
RemoteTab b MySQL Engine MySQL
Where a.col1 = b.col1 … Server A Server B


Federated Engine

Example...
mysql> CREATE TABLE client_transaction_hist (
-> client_transaction_id int(11) NOT NULL,
-> client_id int(11) NOT NULL,
-> investment_id int(11) NOT NULL,
-> action varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> price decimal(12,2) NOT NULL
...
-> )ENGINE=FEDERATED
-> COMMENT='mysql://mysql:password@serv1:3306/gim/client_transaction_hist';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> CREATE VIEW client_transaction_all as
-> select * from client_transaction
-> union all
-> select * from client_transaction_hist;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from client_transaction_all;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 130725 |
+----------+


Federated Engine

What else do I need to know?
• Can only access other MySQL servers in 5.0
• Support for heterogeneous datasources coming
• Access speed can be negatively impacted by network influences
• Embedding passwords in federated definition is security risk
• Does not use query cache or transactions in 5.0

MySQL MySQL
Server A Server B

Select *
RemoteTab b
Engine
Where a.col1 = b.col1 …


Archive Engine

Business Benefits Notes of Interest
• Helps retain historical data required by • I
Insert and Select only (no Updates/Deletes)
government regulations • Very good for security needs; e.g., auditing
• Big performance gain; keep only archive • No indexes in current release
data on primary database • More capabilities to come…
• Dramatic storage savings – reduces storage
costs:
– 1.6 Million Row MySQL Table
uncompressed: 112MB
– Compressed MyISAM 28MB (70+%
r
reduction)
– Archive 21MB - 80% reduction!


Stored Procedures
C
Create Procedure P_1()
Begin
SELECT * FROM EMP;
End;

Business Benefits Note of Interest

• Embed business logic inside the database • Can handle standard output for SELECT, while
• Use database’s immense processing power Oracle cannot…
• Reduces network traffic in data centers • Non-robust error handling/exits
• Eases security administration
• Allows pre-configured SQL tuning
• Familiar syntax aids switchover costs


Stored Procedure Example


Triggers

C
Create trigger t_1()
Before insert on EMP
FOR EACH ROW
SET @C1 = NEW.C1 * .10;


• Audit user activities on database objects • Offers BEFORE and AFTER capabilities
• Enforce business logic on user’s actions • Does allow access to tables that the trigger
• Reduces network traffic in data centers has not be defined on
• Familiar syntax aids switchover costs • Does not work in cascading referential
integrity actions
• Only row-level in v5.0 (not statement level)
O


Trigger Example


Views


• Provide security layer over sensitive data • Updateable only if single table views (and still
• Simplify access to complex data restrictions apply)
• Provide ‘friendly’ name to ugly-named tables


View with Data Encryption Example


XA Support
• MySQL v5 supports distributed transaction processing:
– Two-phase commit with XA protocol available in InnoDB
– Commit grouping to improve performance
– XA JDBC driver
• In MySQL:
– the server acts as a transaction manager or resource manager
– storage engines can be implemented as a resource manager

Application TX Scope MySQL TX Scope

MySQL Other XA RM XA Engine1 XA Engine 2
 MySQL acts as RM  Included in app TX  MySQL acts as TM  Different XA engine
 Queries on ACID TX  Storage engines act can be in same TX
tables included as RM

5.0 5.1


MySQL Cluster For “Five 9’s” HA
• Distributed, in-memory cluster and database
• ACID transactions with check pointing, logging and recovery
• No single point of failure, automatic fail-over
• Enables increased capacity for reads and write actions
• Database transparently fragmented over several nodes
• Server “Group” use Same Virtual IP Address
Client Access
• Load Balance New Clients to Servers

MySQL S1 Management Node MySQL Sn
• Config, start, stop of Nodes

• Node Group acts as single “Unit” to MySQL
Node 1 Node 2
• Same data is replicated between all nodes
• All queries load balanced between Nodes • Can have different Node Groups replicating
• NDBCluster storage engine in MySQL Node 3 Node 4 different “fragments” of data
handles load node selection • Each node resides on different machine
Node Group

MySQL Replication
• Basic replication architecture: designates one server
as a MASTER and other servers as SLAVES
• SLAVE “pulls” from server with dynamic reconfig
• Only pulls changes from binary log

• Write queries sent to MASTER
Client Access
• Application balances reads on SLAVEs
MASTER

MySQL Server MySQL Server SLAVE 1

• Stores binary TX logs
• Slave index tracking MySQL Server SLAVE 2
...

...
MySQL Server SLAVE n

Windows or other OS
Linux

MASTER-MASTER Replication Architecture

• You can achieve the benefits of a shared-storage
architecture without shared storage.
• All write queries sent to ACTIVE
• Application balances reads on BOTH servers
Client Access • Responsible for detecting node failure
• Can use OSS HA detection software: “heartbeat”

ACTIVE PASSIVE

MySQL Server MySQL Server
• Configured as MASTER • Configured as MASTER
• Configured as SLAVE • Configured as SLAVE

• PASSIVE SLAVE “pulls” updates from ACTIVE MASTER
• ACTIVE SLAVE “waits” on PASSIVE MASTER, but nothing ever pulled
• If ACTIVE fails, PASSIVE becomes ACTIVE
• When the server re-boots, it becomes PASSIVE
• ACTIVE / PASSIVE designation determined merely by request routing

Ease Of Use

“Tackling the installation and setup of MySQL isn’t something that typically requires much effort,
regardless of the platform. As an example, the engineers of Embarcadero Technologies recently
compared the installation of an Oracle9i database on a new Red Hat Fedora Core machine with a
MySQL 4.0.18 install on the same machine. With Oracle, it took over three hours to find and
download all the necessary patches, configure the machine, and work through the installation.
With MySQL, the engineers were finished with their installation and at a MySQL client prompt,
ready to work, in seven minutes. After the installation, the setup and maintenance process is
typically straightforward and simple. MySQL provides a number of sample configuration files
that can quickly be used for different environments (small, large, etc.).”

Data Lifecycle Management Series — Migrating to MySQL
Embarcadero Technologies
August 2004


MySQL 5.1 – Alpha TBD

• Row-based replication
• Range, List, Hash and Sub partitioning
• Full Text Search Enhancements
• Join improvements
• Disk-based Cluster tables
• Replication support for Cluster
• Internal Scheduler
• Xpath (XML) Support
• And more…


Local User Groups: http://dev.mysql.com/user-groups
2006 User Conference: http://www.mysqluc.com/

Questions?

John Bradford
jbradford@mysql.com


2 my sql overview technology etc[1]. etc

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