Part IV: Final Analysis Chapter 13: Counterterrorism, The Options

1. Part IV: Final AnalysisPart IV: Final Analysis
Chapter 13: CounterterrorismChapter 13: Counterterrorism
The OptionsThe Options
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2.  Use of ForceUse of Force
 Operations Other than War (OOTW)Operations Other than War (OOTW)
 Legalistic OptionsLegalistic Options
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3. Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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4.  Suppression CampaignsSuppression Campaigns
 Military suppression campaigns.Military suppression campaigns.
 Case: Operation Enduring Freedom.Case: Operation Enduring Freedom.
 Case: Operation Peace for Galilee.Case: Operation Peace for Galilee.
 Paramilitary suppression campaigns.Paramilitary suppression campaigns.
 Case: Algeria.Case: Algeria.
 Case: Colombia.Case: Colombia.
 Punitive and preemptive strikes.Punitive and preemptive strikes.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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5.  Coercive Covert OperationsCoercive Covert Operations
 ““War in the shadows.”War in the shadows.”
 Case: The Achille Lauro operation.Case: The Achille Lauro operation.
 Case: Assassinations.Case: Assassinations.
 Special Operations ForcesSpecial Operations Forces
 Elite military and police units specializing inElite military and police units specializing in
unconventional operations.unconventional operations.Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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6. Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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7.  Nonviolent Covert OperationsNonviolent Covert Operations
 Encompasses a number of options.Encompasses a number of options.
 Inherently secretive. Often creative.Inherently secretive. Often creative.
 Examples:Examples:
 Infiltration.Infiltration.
 Disinformation.Disinformation.
 CyberwarCyberwar
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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8.  IntelligenceIntelligence
 SIGINT (Signal Intelligence)SIGINT (Signal Intelligence)
 HUMINT (Human Intelligence)HUMINT (Human Intelligence)
 Intelligence agencies.Intelligence agencies.
 Problems of intelligence coordination.Problems of intelligence coordination.
 Enhanced SecurityEnhanced Security
 Target hardening.Target hardening.
 Case: Morocco’s desert wall.Case: Morocco’s desert wall.
 Case: Israel’s walls on the border.Case: Israel’s walls on the border.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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9.  Economic SanctionsEconomic Sanctions
 Directed against governments.Directed against governments.
 Conditions for success.Conditions for success.
 Cooperation must remain firm.Cooperation must remain firm.
 Trade leaks must be controlled.Trade leaks must be controlled.
 SanctionedSanctioned regimeregime must be made to suffer.must be made to suffer.
 Problems.Problems.
 Sanctioned regimes rarely suffer—their people do.Sanctioned regimes rarely suffer—their people do.
 Coalitions do not always remain firm.Coalitions do not always remain firm.
 Leaks are difficult to control.Leaks are difficult to control.Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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10. Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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11.  Diplomatic OptionsDiplomatic Options
 Reasoned dialogue.Reasoned dialogue.
 Peace processes.Peace processes.
 Negotiations.Negotiations.
 Social ReformSocial Reform
 Responding to underlying grievances.Responding to underlying grievances.
 Case: Peru and Shining Path.Case: Peru and Shining Path.
 Case: Spain and ETA.Case: Spain and ETA.Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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12.  Concessionary OptionsConcessionary Options
 Giving the terrorists what they want.Giving the terrorists what they want.
 Examples:Examples:
 Payment of ransoms.Payment of ransoms.
 Releases of imprisoned comrades.Releases of imprisoned comrades.
 Broadcast or publication of extremist propaganda.Broadcast or publication of extremist propaganda.
 Political amnesty.Political amnesty.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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13. Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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14.  Law Enforcement and CounterterrorismLaw Enforcement and Counterterrorism
 Responding to terrorist environments.Responding to terrorist environments.
 Terrorism as inherently criminal behavior under law.Terrorism as inherently criminal behavior under law.
 Taking the lead in investigating terrorist incidents.Taking the lead in investigating terrorist incidents.
 Police repression.Police repression.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016

15.  Domestic Laws and CounterterrorismDomestic Laws and Counterterrorism
 Balancing the need for counterterrorist laws and theBalancing the need for counterterrorist laws and the
protection of constitutional rights.protection of constitutional rights.
 Cases:Cases:
 Counterterrorist courts in Algeria.Counterterrorist courts in Algeria.
 Amnesty in Italy.Amnesty in Italy.
 Outcome of the Achille Lauro incident.Outcome of the Achille Lauro incident.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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16.  International LawInternational Law
 Responses by the world community.Responses by the world community.
 International conventions on hijacking offenses.International conventions on hijacking offenses.
 Protecting diplomats.Protecting diplomats.
 Extradition treaties.Extradition treaties.
 International courts and tribunals.International courts and tribunals.
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17. Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth
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