The document discusses trends in open access scholarly communications over the last decade and areas for future development. It notes the growth of open access journals and repositories and innovations like peer review experiments. While open access has increased availability of research, the document argues more changes are still needed to align incentives and metrics with open principles and make non-traditional outputs more prestigious and valued. Overall it presents an optimistic view of open access' potential to transform scholarly communications by better serving global audiences and more equitable exchange of knowledge.
1. The Coming Decade of Open Access
Moving Beyond Traditional Forms
and Functions of Scholarly
Communications
Leslie Chan
University of Toronto Scarborough
Bioline International
2.
3. Agenda
• What is Open Access and its key benefits
• Growth of OA in the last ten years
• Key trends and developments
– Global and Local trends (Brazil)
– New and Exciting Developments
• Areas that are still deficient
• Looking to the Future and Suggestions for
Collaborations
4. Key Messages
• Open Access as a philosophical principle and a set of
practical tools
• “Journal” no longer serves the needs of networked
scholarship
• From “Wealth of Nations” to “Wealth of Networks”
• Need to rethink measurements of “impact” and values,
especially for research relevant to development
• Innovations are happening in the “peripheries” but there
are gatekeepers and social barriers
• Aligning funding and reward policies with new scholarly
practices and inclusive metrics
5. “By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free
availability on the public internet, permitting any users to
read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to
the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing,
pass them as data to software, or use them for any other
lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical
barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access
to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction
and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this
domain, should be to give authors control over the
integrity of their work and the right to be properly
acknowledged and cited.”
BOAI 2002 http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read
6. Modes of Open Access
User Rights
Gratis Libre
Green Green-Gratis Green-Libre
Author Self-
Archiving of
Venues published papers or
and pre-prints in
Institutional
Delivery Repositories
Vehicles Gold Gold-Gratis Gold-Libre
Author publish in
journals that are
open access
12. The World of Journal Publishing According to Thomson’s ISI
Science Citation Index
Data from 2002
http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=205
14. OA does not only remove or reduce price
barriers for researchers in developing countries,
it offers a more equitable model for the
exchange of knowledge as a global public good
(the philosophical dimension)
19. Policy Developments
• The World Bank launched an institutional
repository and adopted an OA mandate on
April 10, 2012
• UNESCO published an OA Policy Guidelines in
March 2012
• UK, EU, and the USA are all developing major
funding policies on OA
28. Key Findings
1. There is no evidence of any harm to
publishers as a result of embargoed green OA
2. There is evidence of increased total usage
through green OA
3. There is evidence that green OA through the
PEER project actually drives usage at the
publisher site.
David Prosser, May 29, 2012
37. Convergence
• Brazil, biodiversity and
sustainable development
• Information society policy
• Free Culture Movement –
Access to Knowledge in
Brazil
38. Institutional
Design
Sustainability as a set of
institutional structures and
processes that build and
protect the knowledge
commons (Mook and
Sumner 2010)
39. Broadening the definition of “prestige”,
“impact”, “value” and “capital”
Business value monetary return, financial
capital, efficiency,
competiveness
Scholarly value Reputation and citation;
trust; symbolic capital
Institutional value Public mission, community
outreach, intellectual capital
Social value Equity, participation,
inclusion, diversity, social
capital
Political value Evidence based policy,
transparency,
accountability, civic capital
40. Conclusions
• Leverage the various Open movement
• Align the values of research with appropriate
incentives and recognition
• Also need to align policies that are emerging from the
top with initiatives are rising from the bottom
• Support for metadata standards and open licences
• Recognition of non-proprietary and collaborative
research output from networked scholarship
• Reward dissemination of research findings through
multiple means – beyond the journal
• Move Prestige to Open Access
2012 marks the tenth anniversary of the Budapest Open Access Initiative, a declaration that provided a formal definition of Open Access (OA) and a set of strategies for archiving OA. This talk begins with a review of the major milestones of achievement over the last decade, both globally and with specific attention to Brazil and Latin America, followed by identification of key areas of research communication that remained to be improved. These areas include infrastructural development for e-research, more diverse and transparent metrics for evaluating scholarship, funding and institutional policy alignment, and new forms of scholarly practices and representation. Examples from these areas will be highlighted, with emphasis on areas of collaboration between information scientists and scholars from various fields.
Green OA is OA delivered by repositories, regardless of peer-review status, gratis/libre status, funding model, embargo period, and so on. Gold OA is OA delivered by journals, regardless of peer-review methods, gratis/libre status, business model, and so on. It should be clear that the green/gold distinction is not the same as the gratis/libre distinction. Green/gold is about venues or vehicles, while gratis/libre is about user rights. For better or worse, there are four cases to keep distinct: gratis green, gratis gold, libre green, and libre gold.
metrics of total publications and citations. Top 15 countries account for 82% of total publications Author with African institutional affiliation account for less than 1% of global output, and S. Africa has the highest output. The rest are “invisible” Consequence of trying to publish in “International” journal results in neglect of important local problems and solutions that are appropriate for local conditions.
Laakso M, Welling P, Bukvova H, Nyman L, Björk B-C, et al. 2011 The Development of Open Access Journal Publishing from 1993 to 2009 . PLoS ONE 6(6): e20961. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0020961 Björk B-C, Welling P, Laakso M, Majlender P, Hedlund T, et al. 2010 Open Access to the Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009 . PLoS ONE 5(6): e11273. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0011273
The World Bank launched an institutional repository and adopted an OA mandate on April 10, 2012. http://go.worldbank.org/VOS0JQ0VK0 http://go.worldbank.org/GWQP2I5FD0 Here are the libre features of the new policy: when Bank research is published by the Bank itself, then copies must be disseminated through the institutional repository under CC-BY licenses. This policy applies to books as well as articles. When Bank research is published by external publishers, the preprints or working papers must be in the repository under CC-BY licenses. The final versions of the peer-reviewed manuscripts must be in the repository under CC-BY-NC-ND licenses, unless the publisher can be persuaded to allow a more liberal license. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/04/16200740/world-bank-open-access-policy-formal-publications Also see the policy FAQ and repository FAQ. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTWBP/Resources/Open_Access_FAQ_External.pdf https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/faq The new OA policy follows on the bank's open data policy from April 2010. http://go.worldbank.org/CA21J2H0A0
1. There is no evidence of any harm to publishers as a result of embargoed green OA 2. There is evidence of increased total usage through green OA 3. There is evidence that green OA through the PEER project actually drives usage at the publisher site. An economic analysis also suggested that the cost of organising peer review is $250 per submission - an interesting factoid. More details of the PEER project can be found at http://www.peerproject.eu/ while Madam Kroes' speech is at: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/12/392&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
More details of the PEER project can be found at http://www.peerproject.eu/ while Madam Kroes' speech is at: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/12/392&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
he New Invisible College, Caroline Wagner combines quantitative data and extensive interviews to map the emergence of global science networks and trace the dynamics driving their growth. She argues that the shift from big science to global networks creates unprecedented opportunities for developing countries to tap science's potential. Rather than squander resources in vain efforts to mimic the scientific establishments of the twentieth century, developing country governments can leverage networks by creating incentives for top-notch scientists to focus on research that addresses their concerns and by finding ways to tie knowledge to local problem solving. T
the continuity of open access, open education and open research for social impact
Mook, Laurie & Jennifer Sumner (2010). Social Accounting for Sustainability in the Social Economy. In J.J. McMurtry (Ed.), Living Economics: Canadian Perspectives on the Social Economy, Co-operatives and Community Economic Development . Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications.