AP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep Victory
Liberalism - IEHEI students 2010-2011
1. LIBERALISM
Introduction to Liberal Internationalism and Democratic Peace Proposition
International Relations
14 October 2010
Nice FRANCE
Yasmin Capitaine
Emilio Romero García
2. Liberalism
Dichotomy in class: realism and liberalism
Authors
Main points:
Liberal internationalism
Democratic peace proposition
Discussion: for or against?
Conclusions
3. Dichotomy: liberalism
Definition of realism: practical appliance
Definition of realism: practical appliance
Definition of liberalism: follow the utopia
Is it better to follow ideals?
5. Liberal internationalism
Origins
XVIII and XIX: ”Liberals proposing
preconditions for a peaceful world order (…) for
the elimination of war.” (in the class copies)
7. Liberal preconditions
DEMOCRACY
War is not of human nature
Warrior class invented war
Ideals like individual rights, freedom of speech,
liberty... conform the liberal state
Snowball effect of liberal states
8. Liberal preconditions
FREE TRADE
Trade creates necessities, that join all actors in
the (international) transactions
Without commerce societies miss the facilities
obtained
Trade promotes peace
9. Liberal preconditions
COLLECTIVE SECURITY
Requieres a degree of mutual confidence
10. Liberalism
Further in this chapter...
The economic dimension
Polanyi's critique: material selfgain, laissezfaire, economics split from politics*
Free trade imperialism: another way to exploit
Liberalism and Globalisation
New phase of capitalism or a world less open and globalised?
The nature of free trade
Sovereignty and foreign investment
11. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
Let's assume democracies rarely make war
Dyads of democracies Individual states
...criticised by Small and Singer
Process of democratization
Conflict in the short term and peace in the long term
12. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
Theories of the Dyadic Democratic Peace
Cultural explanations
Explanation by structure
Two levels of decision making: National and international
(Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman, 1992)
...possible only with transparency
Historical satisfaction with international status quo
13. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
Elaborations of the DPP:
Democracies join democracies (Mousseau)
Autocracies do with autocracies (Werner and
Lemke)
Covert intervention: Nicaragua
Democracies are more likely to settle disputes
peacefully and less likely to initiate them
14. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
Why do Democracies win the wars they fight?
Because of the citizens' participation in the
democratic process (Russet, 1993)
Because they choose only wars they are likely to
win (Reiter and Stam, 1998)
The longer it lasts, the less likely they are to triumph
15. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
Are Democracies more likely to use force for
domestic political advantage?
No evidence to support this
16. Liberalism
Democratic Peace Proposition
Civil wars do not arise so often in Democracies
18. Liberalism
New international arena
Democracies are more peaceful because it
would be at the expense of those who would
fight it (Kant, Perpetual Peace)
European states are interdependent – war isn't
of economic interest (Angell, The Great Illusion)
19. Liberalism
New international arena
According to Liberalism statements, trade units
countries.
Some institutions promoting free trade are:
International Monetary Fund
World Trade Organisation (3 official languages, FR, EN,
ES)
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (6
official languages, FR, EN, ES, Russian, Arabic and
Chinese)
20. Liberalism
New international arena
List of main international banking institutions
European Central Bank www.ecb.eu
African Development Bank www.afdb.org
Asian Development Bank www.adb.org
Bank for International Settlements www.bis.org
Bank of World Residence Program www.bwrp.org
Caribbean Development Bank www.caribank.org
Islamic Development Bank www.isdb.org
World Bank www.worldbankgroup.org
21. Liberalism
New international arena
For security issues, NATO has an important
role in maintaining and promoting peace
Countries outside NATO are starting up new
military organisations
Asia Pacific Forum plays a role for Human Rights
Promotion
Asian Pacific ”NATO” is being discussed
22. Liberalism
New international arena
Russia and China (Brazil and India also) should
be incorporated into intergovernmental
organisations that create interdependence
The process of incorporation is currently taking place
The interdependence will bring about peace
23. Liberalism
New international arena
Moral imperative: there is a dictate of reason
Not following the moral law is self defeating and
thus contrary to reason.
Immanuel Kant