This presentation gives an idea about Android OS and its features

1. 23 Sept 2013
Harshad Lokhande
Android OS

2. Contents
Contents
4. Advanced Domains
Services Audio & Video Camera & Sensors Future Scopes
3. Beyond Basics
Telephony & SMS Data Storage Concepts Content Provider Network Services
2. Application Concepts
Application Structure
Understanding
Manifest
Working with Activities Intents
1. Basics
Introduction History OS Architecture Components
Android OS

3. Contents - Basics
Basics • Mobility OS
• Market SharesIntroduction
• How invented?
• Acquired by Google
• What's new?
• First Open Source Mobile Platform
History
• Graphical View
• Concepts
• JAVA & DVM Concepts
OS Architecture
• Activity
• Service
• Broadcast Reciever
• Content Provider
Components
1
Android OS

4. Introduction
Contents – Basics
Mobility OS
• A mobile operating system (OS) is a software that
allows smart phones, tablet PCs and other devices to run
applications and programs.
• Coding in low-level C or C++, have needed to understand the
specific hardware they were coding for, typically a single
device
• Platforms like Microsoft’s Windows Phone and the Apple
iPhone also provide a richer, simplified development
environment for mobile applications
Android OS

5. Contents – Basics - Introduction
Market Shares
Worldwide Mobile’s Market Share Analysis Comparison between Features of Different Mobile OS

6. History
Contents – Basics
How Invented ?
• Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October, 2003 by
Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White.
• It was a college project.
Acquired By Google
• Google acquired Android Inc. in August, 2005
• On October 21st, 2008, Android 1.0 became available to the public
Android OS
First Mobile with Android 1.0

7. Contents – Basics - History
What’s New ?
• Android is the first complete, open, and free
mobile platform.,
• low-level interface with the hardware, memory
management, and process control, all
optimized for mobile and embedded devices
First Open Source Mobile Platform
• Android is open source and Google releases the
code under the Apache License
Android OSOHA Systems
Android Releases…..!!

8. OS Architecture
Contents – Basics
Graphical View & Concepts
• The key layers and components that make up the Android open
source software stack
Android OS
•Linux provides the hardware abstraction
layer for Android

9. Contents – Basics – OS Architecture
JAVA & DVM Concepts
Android OS
Different executions based on Type Building Block of App Execution

10. Components
Contents – Basics
Activity & Services
• An activity is a user interface screen
• An intent is a mechanism for describing a specific
action, such as ―pick a photo,‖ ―phone home,‖ or ―open the
pod bay doors.
• A service is a task that runs in the background without the
user’s direct interaction
Broadcast Receiver & Content Provider
• A content provider is a set of data wrapped up in a custom
API to read and write it.
• Broadcast Receivers enable your application to listen for
Intents that match the criteria you specify in real-time
Components Android OS

11. Application
Concepts
Android Introduction
• Exploring Project Application Structure
• Building Blocks
Application
Structure
• Closer look
• Editing inside
• Drawables , Resources & Layouts
Understanding
Manifest
• What’s Activity?
• Life Cycle
• Activity Callbacks
Activities
• Introduction
• Explicit Intents
• Implicit Intents
• Returning Result Based Intents
Intents
Contents – Application Concepts
2
Android OS

12. App Structure
Contents – Application Concepts
Exploring Project Application Structure
• The folder structure of application is as shown in image.
code
images
files
UI layouts
constants
Autogenerated
resource list
Application Structure
Formation of executable file ―.apk‖
Android OS

13. Contents – Application Concepts – App Structure
Building Blocks
Different components of GUI
• Following are different
components required to build
an application.
Android OS

14. Understanding
Manifest
Contents – Application Concepts
Closer look
The following XML snippet shows a typical manifest
node:
<manifest
xmlns:android=‖http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android‖
package=―com.demo.myapp―
android:versionCode=―1―
android:versionName=―0.9 Beta―
android:installLocation=―preferExternal―>
[ ... manifest nodes ... ]
</manifest>
Importance of Manifest File Actual View of Setting Manifest File Android OS

15. Contents – Application Concepts – Understanding Manifest
Editing inside
• Each of the next three tabs contains a visual
interface for managing the application, security,
and instrumentation (testing) settings
Drawables , Resources & Layouts
• Can edit Simple Values, Strings
, Colors, Dimensions , Text Fonts , Size ,Names , etc
Types of Layout Resource Structure
Android OS

16. Activities
Contents – Application Concepts
What’s Activity?
• Each Activity represents a screen that an application
can present to its users
• Applications can define one or more activities to
handle different phases of the program
Life Cycle of Activity
Life Cycle & Activity Callbacks
• Android applications do not control their own
process lifetimes
• Run time handles the termination and
management of an Activity’s process
• The Activity class has a number of callbacks that
provide an opportunity for an activity to respond
to events such as suspending and resuming.
Android OS

17. Intents
Contents – Application Concepts
Introduction
• Intents are used as a message-passing
mechanism that works both within your
application and between applications.
• Intents are also used to broadcast messages
across the system.
Explicit Intents & Explicit Intents
• Use for Intents is to start new Activities, either
explicitly (by specifying the class to load) or
implicitly (by requesting that an action be
performed on a piece of data).
Example of Implicit Intent
Android OS

18. Contents – Application Concepts - Intents
Returning Result Based Intents
• An Activity started via startActivity is
independent of its parent and will not
provide any feedback when it closes.
• Where feedback is required, you can start
an Activity as a sub-Activity that can pass
results back to its parent.
• When a sub-Activity is finished, it triggers
the onActivityResult event handler within
the calling Activity.
• Native Actions are like ACTION_CALL ,
ACTION_DIAL , ACTION_PICK ,
ACTION_WEB_SEARCH ,etc.
Code Snippet of Intent
Android OS

19. Beyond
Basics
Android Introduction
• Hardware Requirement
• Initiating Phone Calls
• Monitoring Changes
• Sending SMS & MMS
Telephony & SMS
• Introducing Android Database
• SQLite Database
• Values and Cursors
Data Storage
Concepts
• Interface with Data Sources
• Content Resolver
• Querying
Content Provider
• Introducing Connectivity Manager
• Monitoring Network Connectivity
• Bluetooth & WIFI
• Using Internet Services
Network Services
Contents – Beyond Basics
3
Android OS

20. Telephony &
SMS
Contents – Beyond Basics
Hardware Requirement
• Some applications don’t make sense on
devices that don’t have telephony
support
Initiating Phone Calls
• Below code starts a dialer Activity that
should be pre-populated with the
number you specified
• Android telephony architecture is split
between java and native code.
How to call number:
Intent intent = new
Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, Uri.parse("tel:502310109"
));
startActivity(intent);
Permission:
• android.permission.CALL_PHONETelephony Manager
Android OS

21. Contents – Beyond Basics - Telephony & SMS
Monitoring Changes
• Can monitor Telephony changes in real-time.
• Activity.RESULT_OK
• SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE
• PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE
• PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CELL_LOCATION
• PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_DATA_ACTIVITY
Sending SMS & MMS
• Android provides support for sending
both SMS and MMS
• But Android API does not include
simple support for creating MMS
Code Snippet of SMS Manager
Code Snippet of MMS Manager
Android OS

22. Data Storage
Concepts
Contents – Beyond Basics
Introducing Android Database
• Android provides structured data persistence through a combination
of SQLite databases and Content Providers.
• Every application can create its own databases over which it has
complete control
SQLite Database
• Used to store application data using a managed, structured approach
• SQLite is a well-regarded relational database management system (RDBMS). It is:
• Open-source , Standards-compliant , Lightweight , Single-tier
• SQLiteOpenHelper is an abstract class used to implement the best practice pattern
for creating, opening, and upgrading databases.
DB file in Project
Values and Cursors
• Content Values are used to insert new rows into tables
• The Cursor class includes a number of navigation functions :
• moveToFirst , moveToPrevious
• getColumnNames , getPosition
Android OS

23. Content
Provider
Contents – Beyond Basics
Interface with Data Sources
• Content Providers can be shared between
applications, queried for results, have their
existing records updated or deleted, and
have new records added.
Content Provider
Content Resolver
• Each application includes a
ContentResolver instance, accessible using
the getContentResolver method, as
follows:
• ContentResolver cr =
getContentResolver();
• Content Resolvers are the corresponding
class used to query and perform
transactions on those Content Providers.
Querying
• Query results are returned as Cursors over
a result
Android OS

24. Network
Services
Contents – Beyond Basics
Introducing Connectivity Manager
• With the speed, reliability, and cost of Internet
connectivity being dependent on the network
technology used (Wi-Fi, GPRS, 3G, LTE, and so on).
• Android networking is principally handled via the
ConnectivityManager
Monitoring Network Connectivity
• The Connectivity Manager provides a high-level
view of the available network connections
• To monitor network connectivity, create a Broadcast
Receiver that listens for :
ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION
Broadcast Intents,Supporting Platforms of Communication
NFC
Android OS

25. Contents – Beyond Basics - Network Services
Bluetooth & WIFI
• Bluetooth is a communications protocol
designed for short-range, low-bandwidth
peer-to-peer communications.
• Bluetooth device is controlled via the
BluetoothAdapter class
• To modify any of the local device properties,
the BLUETOOTH_ADMIN permission is also
required
• We manage the current Wi-Fi connection, scan
for access points, and monitor changes in Wi-Fi
connectivity by using WIFIManager class
• Wi-Fi Direct is a communications protocol
designed for medium-range, high-bandwidth
peer-to-peer communications
Bluetooth Comm. Layer Interface
Android OS

26. Advanced
Domains
Android Introduction
• Introducing Services
• Service Life Cycle
• Background Threads
• Using Alarms
Services
• Data Types accessible by Android
• Playing Audio & Video
• Introducing Media Player & Media Effects
Audio & Video
• Taking Images from Camera Using Intents
• Controlling Camera Parameters
• Other Sensors like Ambient Light , Gyroscope , Accelerometer , etc
Camera &
Sensors
• Google Gadgets
• Security
• Introduction to ADK & NDK
• Augmented
• In App Billing
Future Scopes
Contents – Advanced Domains
4
Android OS

27. Services
Contents – Advanced Domains
Introducing Services
• Unlike Activities, which display graphical
interfaces, Services run invisibly — doing Internet
lookups, processing data, updating your Content
Providers, firing Intents, and triggering
Notifications
• Services are started, stopped, and controlled from
other application components, including
Activities, Broadcast Receivers, and other Services.
Service Life Cycle
• The diagram on the left shows the lifecycle when
the service is created with startService() and the
diagram on the right shows the lifecycle when the
service is created with bindService()
Android OS

28. Contents – Advanced Domains - Services
Background Threads
• Additionally, a component can bind to a service to interact
with it and even perform interprocess communication
(IPC)
• Alternatively, the AsyncTask class lets you define an
operation to be performed in the background and
provides event handlers that enable you to monitor
progress and post the results on the GUI Thread
Using Alarms
• Alarms are a means of firing Intents at predetermined
times or intervals.
• Alarms that fire broadcast Intents, start Services, or even
open Activities, without your application needing to be
open or running
Alarm App Activity
Android OS

29. Audio &
Video
Contents – Advanced Domains
Playing Audio & Video
• Android API’s are capable of playing and
recording a wide range of image, audio, and
video formats, both locally and streamed.
Data Types accessible by Android
• Android 4.0.3 (API level 15) supports the
following multimedia formats for playback as
part of the base framework.
AV Formats
Audio Player Sample
Video Player Sample Android OS

30. Contents – Advanced Domains - Audio & Video
Introducing Media Player & Media Effects
• Android 2.3 (API level 9) introduced a suite of audio effects that
can be applied to the audio output of any Audio Track or Media
Player.
• Android 4.0.3, the following five AudioEffect subclasses :
• Equalizer , Virtualizer , BassBoost , PresetReverb
, EnvironmentalReverb
Audio Framework Video Framework
Android OS

31. Camera &
Sensors
Contents – Advanced Domains
Taking Images using Intents
• The easiest way to take a picture from within your application
is to fire an Intent using the
• MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE action:
startActivityForResult(
new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE), TAKE_PICTURE);
• This launches a Camera application providing your users with
the full suite of camera functionality without you having to
rewrite the native Camera application.
Controlling Camera Parameters
• To access the camera hardware directly, you need to
add the CAMERA permission to your application
manifest:
• <uses-permission
android:name=”android.permission.CAMERA”/>
• Camera settings are stored using a
Camera.Parameters object, accessible by calling the
getParameters method on the Camera object
Android OS
:[get/set]SceneMode
:[get/set]FlashMode
:[get/set]WhiteBalance
:[get/set]AutoWhiteBalanceLock
:[get/set]FocusMode
Camera Parameter API’s

32. Contents – Advanced Domains - Camera & Sensors
Other Sensors
• Android supports many other types
of sensors like , Accelerometer ,
Gyroscope , Magnetometer ,
Ambient Light Sensor , Ambient
Temp. Sensor , etc.
• To identify the sensors that are on a
device you first need to get a
reference to the sensor service.
• To monitor raw sensor data you
need to implement two callback
methods that are exposed through
theSensorEventListener interface:
onAccuracyChanged() and
onSensorChanged()
Android OSHow to check Sensor ?
List of available sensors

33. Future Scopes
Contents – Advanced Domains
Google Gadgets
• Google Glass is a wearable computer with an
optical head-mounted display (OHMD) that is
being developed by Google in the Project Glass
research and development project
• The main way to operate the glasses is through
voice commands, and by tilting your head.
Android OS

34. Contents – Advanced Domains – Future Scopes
Introduction to ADK & NDK
• The Accessory Development Kit (ADK) is a reference
implementation for hardware manufacturers and hobbyists
to use as a starting point for building accessories for
Android
• The ADK 2012 is based on the Arduino open source
electronics prototyping platform, with some hardware and
software extensions that allow it to communicate with
Android devices
• The NDK is a toolset that allows you to implement parts of
your app using native-code languages such as C and C++.
• The NDK includes a set of cross-toolchains (compilers,
linkers, etc..) that can generate native ARM binaries on
Linux, OS X, and Windows (with Cygwin) platforms.
In App Billing
• In-App Billing (IAB) is a Google Play service that can be
used as an alternative to charging up-front for an
application
• IAB has proven to be a powerful new monetization option for
application developers
Android OS
Security
• Each Android package has a unique Linux
user ID assigned to it during installation.
This has the effect of sandboxing the
process and the resources it creates, so that
it can’t affect (or be affected by) other
applications.
Augmented Reality
• Augmented Reality is the virtual technique ,
by which 3D images , maps , etc can be
visualized by spotting camera on special
codes.

35. Thank you