The document provides information about ionic and covalent (molecular) bonding: - Ionic bonds occur between metals and non-metals and involve the transfer of electrons. Covalent bonds occur between two non-metals and involve the sharing of electrons. - Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points and conduct electricity when melted or dissolved. Molecular compounds have lower melting and boiling points and do not conduct electricity. - Ionic compounds exist as crystal lattices of ions, while molecular compounds exist as distinct molecules made of two or more nonmetal atoms bonded together.

1. Bellwork- Ionic & Metallic Venn Diagram
Ionic Metallic
bonding bonding
Occur between Connect Occur between
a metal and two atoms metals
a non-metal

2. Noble gases don’t bond!
In nature, matter takes
many forms.
The noble gases,
including helium and
neon, are
monatomic
(means they exist
as single atoms).

3. ionic vs. covalent
Ionic compounds transfer electrons to form
ions, which are held together by their opposite
charges.

4. ionic vs. covalent
Ionic compounds transfer electrons to form
ions, which are held together by their opposite
charges.
IONIC = transfer of electrons
COVALENT = sharing of electrons

5. Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE
Cl

6. Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE
Cl Cl

7. Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE
Cl Cl
Both get eight by sharing!

8. Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE
Cl Cl
Covalent
bond
Both get eight by sharing! Cl–Cl

9. A molecule is a neutral group of
atoms joined together by covalent
bonds. Air contains oxygen molecules.
A diatomic molecule contains two
atoms. An oxygen molecule is a diatomic
molecule.

10. Using covalent
bonds, atoms can
be arranged in
different ways to
make an unlimited
variety of
molecules.

11. A compound composed of molecules is
called a molecular compound. Water and
carbon monoxide are molecular compounds.
Covalent bonding makes molecules

12. Molecular compounds tend to
have relatively lower melting
and boiling points than ionic
compounds.
They can be gases, liquids, or
solids at room temperature.

14. A molecular formula is the chemical
formula of a molecular compound.
A molecular formula
shows how many atoms of
each element a molecule
contains.

15. Ethane, a component of natural gas, is
a molecular compound. C2H6
Each ethane molecule contains
two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms

16. Molecular Formulas
H 2O
Type of # of Type of If blank-
atom is atoms is atom is there is
hydrogen two oxygen only one

17. Formulas of Some Molecular Compounds

19. BOND = a force that holds groups
of atoms together
TO BOND = when two atoms
become held together

20. A bond can be an
ionic bond or covalent bond…
…or somewhere in between.

21. Let’s focus on the two extreme cases of a
completely ionic bond and a
completely covalent bond.
Then we will learn about the bonds that
are somewhere in between these two.

22. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and Between 2 non-metals
a non-metal

23. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and Between 2 non-metals
a non-metal
A transfer of electrons A sharing of electrons

24. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and Between 2 non-metals
a non-metal
A transfer of electrons A sharing of electrons
Conducts electricity Does not conduct
when melted or electricity
dissolved

25. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and Between 2 non-metals
a non-metal
A transfer of electrons A sharing of electrons
Conducts electricity Does not conduct
when melted or electricity
dissolved
Crystal solids Solid, liquid or gas
(made of ions) (made of molecules)

26. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND

27. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds have Compounds have
high boiling and low boiling and
melting points melting points

28. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds have Compounds have
high boiling and low boiling and
melting points melting points
Many dissolve in 100% covalent
water. They do not molecules will dissolve
dissolve in oils. in oil, but not in water.

29. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND

30. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are Compounds are
crystal lattices of distinct and separate
positive and units called
negative ions molecules.

31. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are Compounds are
crystal lattices of distinct and separate
positive and units called
negative ions molecules.
Chemical formula is Chemical formula can
the formula unit (the be called a molecular
formula that repeats) formula

32. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are Compounds are
crystal lattices of distinct and separate
positive and units called
negative ions molecules.
Chemical formula is Chemical formula can
the formula unit (the be called a molecular
formula that repeats) formula
Inorganic Organic (biological)
compounds are molecules are covalent
often ionic.

33. 8.1 Section Quiz.
1. Compared to ionic compounds, molecular
compounds tend to have relatively
a. low melting points and high boiling
points.
b. low melting points and low boiling
points.
c. high melting points and high boiling
points.
d. high melting points and low boiling
points. Slide
of 18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

34. 8.1 Section Quiz.
1. Compared to ionic compounds, molecular
compounds tend to have relatively
a. low melting points and high boiling
points.
b. low melting points and low boiling
points.
c. high melting points and high boiling
points.
d. high melting points and low boiling
points. Slide
of 18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

35. 8.1 Section Quiz
2. A molecular compound usually consists of
a. two metal atoms and a nonmetal
atom.
b. two nonmetal atoms and a metal
atom.
c. two or more metal atoms.
d. two or more nonmetal atoms.
Slide
of 18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

36. 8.1 Section Quiz
2. A molecular compound usually consists of
a. two metal atoms and a nonmetal
atom.
b. two nonmetal atoms and a metal
atom.
c. two or more metal atoms.
d. two or more nonmetal atoms.
Slide
of 18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

37. 8.1 Section Quiz
3. A molecular formula shows
a. how many atoms of each element a
molecule contains.
b. a molecule's structure.
c. which atoms are bonded together.
d. how atoms are arranged in space.
Slide
of 18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

38. 8.1 Section Quiz
3. A molecular formula shows
a. how many atoms of each element a
molecule contains.
b. a molecule's structure.
c. which atoms are bonded together.
d. how atoms are arranged in space.
Slide
of 18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall