2. OER Beginnings
OER Beginnings
• UNESCO conference 2002
UNESCO conference 2002
– “The open provision of educational resources,
enabled by information and communication
enabled by information and communication
technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation
by a community of users for non‐commercial
purposes.”
3. Defining OER
Defining OER
• Digitized materials offered freely and openly
Digitized materials offered freely and openly
for educators, students and self‐learners to
use and re use for teaching, learning and
use and re‐use for teaching learning and
research.
4. Open Educational Resources
Open Educational Resources
• Learning content
Learning content
– Full courses, courseware, learning objects,
modules, etc.
modules etc
• Tools
– Software which supports OER development use
Software which supports OER development, use,
delivery, search, etc.
• Implementation Resources
Implementation Resources
– Intellectual property licenses which promote OER
5. Who s Who of OER
Who’s Who of OER
Producers Consumers
Consumers
• Higher Education • Lifelong learners
Institutions • Students
• International Organizations • Educators
• National Governments
6. OER
• Over 3,000 courses available from more than 300
,
universities worldwide
– 1,800 MIT
– 200 + ParisTech
200 + ParisTech
– 350+ Japan OpenCourseWare Consortium
– 450+ China CORE Consortium
– 100’s more from other OCW Consortium members
• Thousands of learning objects available in
repositories
it i
– 6,500+ Rice Connexions
– 20,000+ MERLOT
20,000+ MERLOT
7. Open Courseware Consortium
Open Courseware Consortium
• Started in 2005
Started in 2005
• Over 200 Higher Education institutions &
associations worldwide dedicating to creating
associations worldwide dedicating to creating
OCW
– “A O
“An OpenCourseWare i f
C W is a free and open digital
d di it l
publication of high quality educational materials,
organized as courses.
organized as courses ”
• Institutions must publish at least 10 courses
10. MIT OCW
MIT OCW
• Pilot site launched in Sept. 2002 with 50 courses
• Now – 1 800 courses – nearly every course
Now – 1,800 courses – nearly every course
offered at MIT
• Produce 200 new and updated courses each year
p y
• 2 million website visitors per month
• $4 million each year to support OCW
• Jointly funded by the William and Flora Hewlett
Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation,
and MIT
and MIT
• Partners are translating courses into Spanish,
g , p ,
Portuguese, Simplified Chinese, Traditional
Chinese, and Thai.
12. Connexions
• Rice University
ce U e s ty
• Individual learning objects or modules from
worldwide contributors
• Went live in 2000 with 200 modules
,
• 6,602 modules in 385 collections or courses
• Also provides tools for educators to build courses
y
• Funded by the William and Flora Hewlett
Foundation
• Modules in many languages
14. MERLOT
• S ce 99
Since 1997
• California State University System
• Over 67,000 members
Over 67,000 members
• Over 20,000 Higher‐Ed learning materials
– Quizzes, tests, tutorials, animations, lectures,
Qu es, tests, tuto a s, a at o s, ectu es,
podcasts, etc.
– Links refer to external resources
• Peer‐review
• User comments & ratings
19. Johns Hopkins OCW
Johns Hopkins OCW
• Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health
• Over 70 courses in the Health Sciences
Over 70 courses in the Health Sciences
• OCW Image Library provides educators with a
collection of re‐usable images from courses
ll i f bl i f
• Funded by the William and Flora Hewlett
Foundation
22. Open Yale
Open Yale
• Yale Center for Media and Instructional
Yale Center for Media and Instructional
Innovation
• 7 undergraduate liberal arts courses
7 undergraduate liberal arts courses
• 8 new courses slated for Fall 2008
• Video, audio, and text transcript
• Funded by the William and Flora Hewlett
y
Foundation
25. Open University s OpenLearn
Open University’s OpenLearn
• UK initiative
• Started in 2006
• Free access to course materials from The Open
University
• Nearly 500 Learning Units/Courses
• S
Separate Sites for Learners (LearningSpace) &
t Sit f L (L i S )&
Educators (LabSpace)
• 5,400 learning hours of content in the LearningSpace
5,400 learning hours of content in the LearningSpace
• 8,100 hours in the LabSpace
• Funded by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
y
29. ParisTech OCW
• French initiative
French initiative
• Started in November 2003
• “G d
“Graduate School” is a consortium of
S h l” i i f
engineering institutions of ParisTech
• Over 2,500 Teaching Resources
– Lecture notes, exercises, yearly archives,
simulations, animations, course notes, videos
• Over 200 courses
32. University of Tokyo OCW
University of Tokyo OCW
• Started in 2005 with 10 courses
Started in 2005 with 10 courses
• Over 30 Courses
• Available in Japanese and English
il bl i d li h
• Plans to create 10 courses/year
35. CORE
• China Open Resources for Education
p
• Started in January 2005
• MIT OCW in China
• Translating to Mandarin
• Share Chinese OCW
• Over 100 university members
• 5 million students
• Funded by The William and Flora Hewlett
F d d b Th Willi d Fl H l
Foundation and International Engineering
gy
Technology Educational Foundation
38. Other suggestions
• The Health Education Assets Library (HEAL)
The Health Education Assets Library (HEAL)
– Over 20,000 teaching resources for the health sciences
– http://www.healcentral.org
• UNESCO Open Training Platform
p g
– 2,700+ non‐academic training resources in a variety of categories
– http://opentraining.unesco‐ci.org
• Indian Institutes of Technology
– Th
Thousands of lectures on YouTube
d fl t Y T b
– http://www.youtube.com/nptelhrd
• UC Berkeley on YouTube
– Over 300 full‐lecture videos
– http://www.youtube.com/usc
• Curriki
– Over 19,000 learning resources in all subjects.
– h //
http://www.curriki.org
iki
• Carnegie Mellon Open Learning Initiative (OLI)
– 8 courses, available
– http://www.cmu.edu/oli
• Utah State University OpenCourseWare
– Over 20 courses available
– http://ocw.usu.edu
39. UNESCO OER Wiki
•Portals and gateways
•Repositories
•OER development
and publishing
initiatives
•Tools
•Communities
•Journals
•Writing on OER
http://oerwiki.iiep‐unesco.org
40. OER Commons
OER Commons
•Browse or search
over 10,000 links
•Search by grade level,
license, subject, or
language
•Search by content
type, ie. Syllabi, lesson
plans, audio lectures,
http://www.oercommons.org
etc.
•Facebook application
43. Library Instruction Wiki
Library Instruction Wiki
• Since 2006
• Oregon Library
Instruction Wiki
Instruction Wiki
• Handouts, tutorials,
tips, tricks, etc.
tips tricks etc
http://instructionwiki.org
44. PRIMO
• ACRL
• P
Peer‐Reviewed
R i d
Instructional
Materials Online
Materials Online
Database
• Nearly 200 quality
Nearly 200 quality
resources
http://www.ala.org/apps/primo/public/search.cfm
http://www ala org/apps/primo/public/search cfm • Authored by
Authored by
librarians
45. ANTS
• Started by COPPUL
now public
• ANimated Tutorial
Sharing Project
• Over 60 open
tutorials for online
resources
• Authored by
http://tinyurl.com/5xgol3 librarians
46. Harvard Open Collections Program
Harvard Open Collections Program
• Offers access to historical resources
Offers access to historical resources
• From Harvard’s libraries, archives, and
museums.
museums
• Started in 2002 with funding from the William
and Flora Hewlett Foundation
d Fl H l F d i
– "The goal of the Open Collections Program is to
offer a new model for digital collections that will
ff d l f di i l ll i h ill
benefit students and teachers around the world."
48. Internet Archive
Internet Archive
• Founded to build an
Internet Library
Internet Library
• Over 500,000 texts
• 137,000 movies
• Over 53,000 concerts
• Over 300,000 audio
recordings
• Over 33,000 software apps
• 85 billion archived
webpages (Wayback
Machine)
http://www.archive.org
49. iTunes U
iTunes U
• 75,000 educational
75,000 educational
audio and video files on
iTunesU
51. Make Textbooks Affordable Campaign
Make Textbooks Affordable Campaign
• Student PIRGS
Student PIRGS
• Advocate OA textbooks
• Statement of Intent
Statement of Intent
• Course Correction: How
Digital Textbooks are
Digital Textbooks are
Off Track and How to
Set Them Straight
http://www.maketextbooksaffordable.org
52. Textbook Revolution
Textbook Revolution
• Student‐run initiative
Student run initiative
• Open textbooks & free
textbooks
• Over 240 books
http://www.textbookrevolution.org
http://www textbookrevolution org
53. WikiBooks
• Wikimedia Project
j
• Free library of open
educational textbooks
• Anyone can edit
, p g
• Over 32,000 pages
http://en.wikibooks.org
htt // ikib k
54. Global Text Project
Global Text Project
• Funded by the Jacobs
Foundation.
• Initiative by Terry College
of Business a U‐Georgia &
of Business a U Georgia &
The Daniels College of
Business at U ‐Denver.
• Goal to create a free
library of 1,000 electronic
http://globaltext.terry.uga.edu texts for students in
developing world
55. The Open Library
The Open Library
• A project of the Internet
Archive
A hi
• Partially funded by the
California State Library
California State Library
• One web page for every
book
• Over 18 million book
pages
• 335,101 with full‐text
http://openlibrary.org • Links to Project
Gutenberg texts, Internet
G b
Archive texts, & others
56. Internet Archive
Internet Archive
• Open Source Books
• Contributed by the
community
• Over 19,000 items
http://www.archive.org/details/opensource
58. OER Drivers
• Increased availability of "open" content –
Increased availability of open content
OSS/OA
• New Open licenses for sharing content such as
New Open licenses for sharing content such as
GNU GPL and Creative Commons
• Lower cost/availability of broadband
Lower cost/availability of broadband
• Web 2.0
• Gl b li i & i
Globalization & increased collaboration and
d ll b i d
competition among countries & institutions
• Ri
Rise of mobile technologies i.e. iPods & cell
f bil h l i i iP d & ll
phones
• G
Growing expectations of users/students
i i f / d
• Rise of online/distance learning programs
59. Why do it? (Institutional)
• Contribution to society by advancing education
Contribution to society by advancing education
• An opportunity for faculty to view & reuse each others'
work
• To create an archive of educational content
• To offer services to/increase contact with alumni
• To prepare incoming students
To prepare incoming students
• An institutional philosophy of open content
• An opportunity to promote high quality OER content to the
public
• Recruitment of students & faculty
• A chance to form partnerships with like‐minded sponsors
• To share resources with developing nations
• To allow others to build upon materials instead of re‐
creating them
g
• To leverage taxpayer’s dollars by sharing materials
60. Why do it? (Individual)
• Altruistic – to support education and the
Altruistic to support education and the
global community
• Publicity reputation increase
Publicity ‐ reputation increase
• Commercial benefits‐ to publicize a
commercial version of the content
i l i f h
• Not worth the effort to keep resources closed
• To bring down costs for students
61. Challenges
• Copyright and licensing issues
Copyright and licensing issues
• Financial sustainability
• Q li
Quality Assurance
62. Economic/Funding Models
Economic/Funding Models
• Endowment • Sponsorship
p p
– Base funding establishes • Institutional Support
an endowment, and uses
the interest to run • Governmental Support
initiative • Partnerships & Exchanges
• Organizational • Volunteers
Membership • Added‐Value
Add d V l
• Donations Products/Services
• Conversion – User support, paper
– Convert the learner into a copies, ask‐an‐expert
paying student • Replacement
• Contributor‐Pay
63. Future Needs
Future Needs
• Effective search and discovery tools
Effective search and discovery tools
• Metadata
• Common Taxonomy
C
• Preservation of digital objects
64. Role of Librarians in OER
Role of Librarians in OER
• Create OER for:
Create OER for:
– Library instruction
– Staff training
g
– Professional development
• Develop Effective Search Strategies/Tools
Develop Effective Search Strategies/Tools
• Design Metadata Schemes & Taxonomies
• Preserve OER in repositories
Preserve OER in repositories
• Educate faculty about OER
• Refer patrons to OER
R f t t OER
65. OER Blogs & Journals
OER Blogs & Journals
• Open Education ‐ Free Education for All
p
– http://www.openeducation.net
• Open Education News
– http://openeducationnews.org
• OCW Blog
– http://ocwblog org
http://ocwblog.org
• iterating toward openness
– http://opencontent.org/blog
p // p g/ g
• Educational Technology – Special OER Issue
– http://tinyurl.com/6rypv6
66. Books on OER
Books on OER
• OER Handbook for Educators
– http://tinyurl.com/378xcy
• Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of
Open Educational Resources (OECD)
O Ed ti lR (OECD)
– http://tinyurl.com/44zcal
• Open Educational Practices and Resources OLCOS
Open Educational Practices and Resources OLCOS
Roadmap 2012
– http://tinyurl.com/5y8j22
• Introduction to Open Educational Resources
– http://tinyurl.com/4ml6yv
67. Key Reports
Key Reports
• A Review of the Open Educational Resources (OER)
Movement: Achievements, Challenges, and New
Opportunities (Report to The William and Flora Hewlett
Foundation)
– http://tinyurl.com/3wl9r9
// /
• Open Educational Resources; The Way Forward (UNESCO)
– http://tinyurl.com/4u5d7a
• On the Sustainability of Open Educational Resource
Initiatives in Higher Education (D. Wiley for OECD's CERI)
– http://tinyurl.com/4a7286
p // y /
• Models for Sustainable Open Educational Resources (S.
Downes)
– http://tinyurl.com/3ekgoo
68. OER Interview
OER Interview
• St h D
Stephen Downes
• National Research
Council, Canada
Council Canada
http://www.archive.org/details/StephenDownesInterview
69. An OER Kickstart
An OER Kickstart
1. Look through the ANTS directory for tuts you
. oo t oug t e S d ecto y o tuts you
might use in your library.
y g
2. Think about tutorials you might create.
3. Search the OCW Finder or the OCW Consortium
and find a course you'd like to take.
4. Browse the UNESCO OER Wiki for initiatives
5. Start letting colleagues and patrons know about
the types of free educational resources that are
available for both teaching and learning.