Open Access and Libraries
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Open access (OA) literature is digital content that is available online for free, without restrictions on use or redistribution. There are two main types of OA: self-archiving content in repositories (green OA) and publishing in OA journals (gold OA). Major statements on OA include the Budapest Open Access Initiative and the Bethesda Statement. Institutional and disciplinary repositories archive and provide access to scholarly works. Directories like the Directory of Open Access Journals and the Open Access Directory help locate OA content and information. Benefits of OA include wider dissemination of research and potential citation advantages, while challenges include issues around funding models and publisher resistance.
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Open Access and Libraries
- 1. …and Libraries Ellyssa Kroski
- 2. “Open‐access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and di i l li f f h d free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.” ‐Peter Suber
- 3. Budapest Open Access Initiative • “By "open access" to this literature, we mean By open access to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for h d f h f any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those legal or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. internet itself ”
- 4. 2 Types of Open Access 2 Types of Open Access • Self‐Archiving Self Archiving – To archive on an article on a personal Web site, blog, university Web page, OR blog university Web page OR – In an Institutional Repository or Disciplinary Repository – Referred to as Green OA • OA Journals OA Journals – Referred to as Gold OA
- 5. Major Open Access Statements Major Open Access Statements • Budapest Open Access Initiative (February 2002) p p ( y ) – http://tinyurl.com/6pmxf9 • Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (June 2003) (J 2003) – http://tinyurl.com/opsz2 • Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in t he Sciences and the (October 2003) – http://tinyurl.com/29zvvv • IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Liter‐ ature and Research (2004) – http://tinyurl com/5bj93u http://tinyurl.com/5bj93u
- 7. Institutional Repositories Institutional Repositories • A database or repository containing the p y g intellectual output of an institution • Scholarly articles – Pre‐Prints – Post‐Prints • Dissertations • Conference Papers • Book Chapters Book Chapters • Data Sets • Learning Objects g j
- 8. Ohio State U s KnowledgeBank Ohio State U’s KnowledgeBank https://kb.osu.edu/dspace
- 10. University of Southampton University of Southampton http://eprints.soton.ac.uk
- 11. Scholarly Commons@Penn Scholarly Commons@Penn http://repository.upenn.edu
- 13. Disciplinary Repositories • A database or repository containing materials p y g relevant to a particular subject area • Scholarly articles – Pre‐Prints – Post‐Prints • Dissertations • Conference Papers • Book Chapters Book Chapters • Data Sets • Learning Objects g j
- 14. E LIS E‐LIS http://eprints.rclis.org
- 21. ROAR •Registry of Open Access Repositories •Info & and Stats about repositories – how many how many records, how much freely available in full text, available in full text http://roar.eprints.org software, etc. •Search by: software type Search by: software type, content type, country •Deposits per day stats Deposits per day stats
- 22. Open DOAR •Directory of Open Access Repositories •Listings of over 1,200 OA repositories •Descriptions of repositories, types of repositories types of content, software etc. http://www.opendoar.org •Worldwide statistics Worldwide statistics charts
- 24. OAIster • Open Access repository & journal search • 17 million records • Articles photos video Articles, photos, video, audio, data sets, manuscripts, finding aids manuscripts finding aids http://www.oaister.org • OAI‐PMH ‐ Open Archives Initiative Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
- 25. OAI: Open Archives Initiative • Develops standard p metadata for repository records • Makes them harvestable by search engines by search engines http://www.openarchives.org http://www openarchives org “Develops and promotes interoperability “Develops and promotes interoperability standards that aim to facilitate the efficient dissemination of content.”
- 26. SHERPA/RoMEO p •Lists 421 publishers in all fields and their policies on g self‐archiving •67% of publishers allow some form of self‐archiving g http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo
- 27. SPARC Author Addendum SPARC A th Add d & id t •SPARC Author Addendum & guide to author th rights •What are your rights as a journal article author? •Provides addendum to attach to publishing agreement •How to retain the right to self‐archive http://tinyurl.com/4endnc
- 28. Why do it? Why do it? • Preservation • Wide Dissemination • Maximum Citation Impact i Ci i – OpenCit Project – http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation‐biblio.html
- 30. NIH Public Access Policy • December 2007 December 2007 • All those funded by the National Institute of Health must submit their peer‐reviewed Health must submit their peer reviewed manuscripts to PubMed Central upon acceptance for publication. acceptance for publication • No later than 12 months after publication
- 31. Harvard Arts & Sciences Faculty Open Access Mandate d • Tuesday, Feb. 12, 2008 uesday, eb. , 008 • Arts & Sciences faculty voted to approve • Grants Harvard permission to make scholarly Grants Harvard permission to make scholarly articles openly available on the Web & to exercise copyright • Faculty must provide a copy of their articles • This was the first university mandate in the US. • And the first anywhere to be initiated by faculty. • Harvard Law School faculty followed suit in May 2008
- 32. Stanford University School of Education Open Access Motion d • June 10 2008 June 10, 2008 • Faculty of the School of Education • G Grants Stanford permission to make scholarly S f d i i k h l l articles openly available on the Web & to exercise copyright i i h • Faculty must provide a copy of their articles no later than publication date • Based on Harvard mandate
- 33. More Mandates More Mandates • European University Association (EUA) adopts OA recommendations of Working Group on Open Access recommendations of Working Group on Open Access (January 2008) • ERC Scientific Council Guidelines for Open Access (December 2007) (D b 2007) • Howard Hughes Medical Institute BioMed Central Ope n Access Publishing Agreement (Aug 2007) g g ( g ) • Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA) (May 2006) • Wellcome Trust (October 2005) For more, see the Open Access Timeline http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/timeline.htm
- 35. Open Access Journals • Peer Reviewed Scholarly Journals Peer‐Reviewed Scholarly Journals • Freely and openly available on the Web • No charge to readers h d • vs. Toll Access
- 36. PLOS: Public Library of Science PLOS: Public Library of Science http://www.plos.org
- 37. BMC Biology gy http://www.biomedcentral.com
- 39. Journal of Information Literacy Journal of Information Literacy http://tinyurl.com/yrd4le
- 41. Urban Library Journal Urban Library Journal http://lacuny.cuny.edu/ulj
- 42. Hybrid OA Journals • Select articles are openly available Select articles are openly available.
- 47. DOAJ y p •Directory of Open Access Journals •Over 3,500 journals listed •Over 1250 searchable at article level •Comprising 210 000 •Comprising 210,000 http://www.doaj.org articles
- 48. Open J Gate Open J‐Gate •Directory of Open Access Journals •Over 4,400 journals listed http://www.openj‐gate.com
- 49. OA Benefits • No cost to readers • Faster and wider dissemination of research • Citation Advantages – “Impact” • Better chance of long‐term preservation of scholarly works • Open exchange of ideas benefits society • Resists a publishing model that has led to spiraling prices p g p gp • Changing a system which is taking money from library monograph purchases • Facilitates the development of new knowledge • Disseminates the results of government‐funded research • Increases ease for journalists and bloggers to link to articles • Disseminates research to underserved and to developing nations p g • Frees people/teachers/librarians to make copies • Scholars don’t have to start over with their research and re‐invent the wheel, but continue on existing knowledge • Lower cost to produce
- 50. OA Challenges OA Challenges • Prestige Gap Prestige Gap • Current trends in scholarly publishing • S Sustainability i bili
- 51. Economic/Funding Models Economic/Funding Models • Added‐Value Products • Hybrid OA – PDF versions, printed editions, etc. i i d di i – Authors who choose for their h h h f h i • Advertising articles to be OA pay the APC • Author Pays an Article Processing • Endowment Charge (APC) Charge (APC) – Journal establishes and endowment and uses the interest d d h i – AIP Author Select ($1,800 US) to run publication – Blackwell Online Open ($3,000 US) • Fund‐Raising – BMC ($2,115 US) – PLOS Biology (2,850 US) PLOS Biology (2 850 US) • Institutional Subsidies – Funded by author, foundation, • Non‐OA Funding government agency, institutional – Publisher funds OA journals with membership profit from non‐OA publications • Volunteers • Reprints • Subsidized – by an institution or government agency
- 52. OA & Libraries •Possible solution to the serials crisis. •Solution to academic libraries paying for articles twice. •Scholarly publishing is now a multi‐billion dollar international business. dollar international business. •Subscription hikes have caused libraries steadily cut back on their journals, and monographs. http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/arlstats06.pdf
- 53. Open Access Directories Open Access Directories • OAIster – http://www.oaister.org • Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) – http://www.doaj.org • Directory of Open Access Repositories: OpenDOAR – http://www opendoar org http://www.opendoar.org • ARC: A Cross Archive Search Service – http://arc.cs.odu.edu p // • Open J‐Gate – http://www.openj‐gate.org
- 54. The Open Access Directory The Open Access Directory •Open access wiki •Simmons College •Guide to OA topics http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki
- 55. Blogs • Open Access News p – http://tinyurl.com/a64d8 • Open Access Librarian – http://oalibrarian.blogspot.com • Open and Shut – http://poynder blogspot com http://poynder.blogspot.com • Caveat Lector – http://cavlec.yarinareth.net p // y • Open Access Archivangelism – http://openaccess.eprints.org
- 56. Listservs • SPARC Open Access Forum SPARC Open Access Forum – http://tinyurl.com/4z5sx2 • Liblicense L Liblicense‐L – http://tinyurl.com/52op7q
- 57. Policy Directories Policy Directories • Sherpa Juliet – Research Funder’s Open Access Sherpa Juliet Research Funder s Open Access Policies – http://www sherpa ac uk/juliet http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet • ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies Repository Material Archiving Policies – http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup
- 58. Business Side of OA Business Side of OA • OSI Guide to Business Planning for Launching a New Open Access Journal – http://tinyurl.com/3fhred • OSI Guide to Business Planning for Converting a OSI Guide to Business Planning for Converting a Subscription‐based Journal to Open Access – http://tinyurl.com/3z868e • PLOS Whit P PLOS White Paper: Publishing Open‐Access Journals P bli hi O A J l – http://tinyurl.com/44udas • Open Doors and Open Minds: What Faculty Authors p p y Can Do To Ensure Open Access to Their Work Through Their Institution – http://tinyurl com/5bqh7m http://tinyurl.com/5bqh7m
- 59. Books on OA Books on OA • Willinsky John (2006) The Access Principle: Willinsky, John (2006) The Access Principle: The Case for Open Access to Research and Scholarship. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Scholarship Cambridge Mass : MIT Press – http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/1188/ • Jacobs N (Ed ) (2006) Jacobs, N., (Ed.) (2006) Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Eco nomic Aspects Chandos Publishing: Oxford Aspects. Chandos Publishing: Oxford. – http://tinyurl.com/4byc8l
- 60. Resources • Open Access Bibliography – http://tinyurl.com/45zrel • Guide to the Open Access Movement – http://tinyurl.com/jxua6 • SPARC: Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition h l l bl h l – http://www.arl.org/sparc • The Open Access Interviews by Richard Poynder – h // i http://tinyurl.com/4x7s2g l / 2 • SOAN: SPARC Open Access Newsletter by Peter Suber – http://tinyurl.com/3atwtb • Fi t M d 5 P t P d t S i First Monday 5‐Part Podcast Series on Openness 2.0 O 20 – http://www.firstmondaypodcast.org
- 61. OA Interview OA Interview • Peter Suber Peter Suber • Research Professor of Philosophy at Earlham p y College http://www.archive.org/details/PeterSuberInterview h // h /d l/ b
- 62. OA Interview OA Interview • Dorothea Salo Dorothea Salo • Digital Repository Librarian at University y of Wisconsin http://www.archive.org/details/DorotheaSaloInterview h // h /d l/ h l
- 63. Getting Started with OA Getting Started with OA • Self‐Archiving – Read Sparc Author’s Addendum Brochure – Look up journal in SHERPA/RoMEO – Archive materials in E‐LIS and or other repository p y – Adopt, educate librarians, researchers, faculty, etc. • Research – Browse DOAJ OA journals Browse DOAJ OA journals – Search OAIster – Read OA journals and articles • Advocacy Advocacy – Educate other librarians – Educate Faculty – Teaching others research potential of OAIster & other OA tools Teaching others research potential of OAIster & other OA tools
- 64. Image Credits Image Credits • Slide 2: http://tinyurl com/69y39h Slide 2: http://tinyurl.com/69y39h • Slide 61: http://tinyurl.com/69y39h