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Media Timeline.
•Ellen Brooking
•A2 Media Studies
History of Music Videos.
1902-1917: The phonoscène era
The phonoscène was a forerunner of sound film. It combined a chronophone sound recording with a
chronograph film shot with actors lip-synching to the sound recording. The recording and film were
synchronized by a mechanism patented by Leon Gaumont in 1902. The first phonoscènes were
presented by Gaumont in 1902 in France.
1926-1959: Talkies, soundies, and shorts
In 1926, with the arrival of "talkies" many musical short films were produced. Vitaphone shorts
featured many bands, vocalists and dancers. Spooney Melodies in 1930 was the first true musical
video series. Shorts were typically six minutes in duration, and featured Art Deco-style animations and
backgrounds combined with film of the performer singing.
1960–1967: Visual innovation
In 1961, for Canadian show Singalong Jubilee, Manny Pittson began pre-recording the music audio,
went on-location and taped various visuals with the musicians lip-synching, then edited the audio and
video together. Most music numbers were taped in-studio on stage, and the location shoot "videos"
were to add variety. In 1963, singer Kyu Sakamoto is featured on the Japanese television program
Shall We Meet At Seven? singing eight of his best-known songs, including his international hit
Sukiyak. Sakamoto is shown singing the latter as he walks through an alley past barrels.
One of the earliest Videos of a Top 40 hit, was Jan & Dean's "Surf City", produced in Summer 1963,
contemporaneous with the single release reaching Number One nationally in July 1963 (ref:
Wikipedia). Filmed on location on Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu, it's a period-piece, capturing
much of the atmosphere and vibe of the Southern California early 1960s beach scene. This video is
readily available for download and viewing on YouTube.com.
Another early performance clip was The Animals's 1964 hit “House of the Rising Sun".This high-
quality colour clip was filmed in a studio on a specially-built set; with the group lip-synching.
1974–1980 – Beginnings of music television
United Kingdom
In 1975, The Who released their all-music feature film Tommy, directed by Ken Russell, based upon
their 1969 rock opera of the same name. Also in 1975, the band Queen ordered Bruce Growers to
make a promo video for their new single "Bohemian Rhapsody" to show it in Top of The Pops; this is
also notable for being entirely shot and edited on videotape.
History of Music Videos.
The Alan Parker film adaptation of Pink Floyd The Wall transformed the group's 1979 concept double-LP of the same title into a
confrontational and apocalyptic audio-visual labyrinth of stylised, expressionistic images, sounds, melodies and lyrics.
The long-running British Rock music show "The Old produced a number of pioneering videos made especially for the program
throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. These included a video of Frank Zappa's "City of Tiny Lights" made using claymation
and videos made for performers such as Television, Led Zeppelin, Genesis, Pink Floyd and Mike Oldfield. The executive
producer of The Old Grey Whistle Test was Mike Appleton. Derek Burbidge and Kate Humphreys directed and videoed many of
the artists. The audio was always of prime importance. Gregg Baily was the recordist for the show on location. Although many
assumed the bands were playing live, due to technical issues and the need to ensure performances were controlled, the bands
often recorded the performance on the day of shooting prior to taping, and then mimed to this "live" track. Other directors and
camera operators were Martin Pitts in the USA, and for England, John Metcalfe and Tim Pope and many others. Location shoots
all over the world were an essential part of the program. Martin Pitts Directed clips for the Bee Gees that aired on the show.
United States
American alternative punk rock group Devo created many self-produced music videos, which were included in the pioneering
compilation "The Truth About Devolution", directed by Chuck Statler. Devo's video cassette releases were arguably among the
first true long-form video productions. Also, one of their music videos "The Day My Baby Gave Me a Surprise" was the first to
use computer and traditional animation.Shock-rocker Alice Cooper took a video of his Welcome To My Nightmare concert
showcasing the intense visual performance it gave.Alice Cooper himself makes reference to making one of the first music videos
on the promotional videos for his album Along Came A Spider.
1981–1991: Music videos go mainstream
In 1981, the U.S. video channel MTV launched, airing "Video Killed The Radio Star" and beginning an era of 24-hour-a-day
music on television. With this new outlet for material, the music video would, by the mid-1980s, grow to play a central role in
popular music marketing. Many important acts of this period, most notably Adam and The Ants, Duran Duran and Madonna,
owed a great deal of their success to the skilful construction and seductive appeal of their videos.
Examples of Music Videos.
The Animals - House of The Rising Sun: www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwAw9ThDQmk
Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody: www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ9rUzIMcZQ
Jan & Dean - Surf City: www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNwqa-QzAec
The Buggles - Video Killed The Radio City: www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8r-tXRLazs
Michael Jackson - Thriller: www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQ_ExkfcBao
History of Rock.
Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in 1950s America and developed into a range of different styles in
the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily
influenced by rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk, and
incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.
Blues Based Rock – 1963-1970
The rock revolution of the 1960s seen through the life and music of Jimi Hendrix. The first doomed icon of rock, Hendrix was the
synthesis of everything that had gone before him and all that was to come. The Birth Of Rock also explores the influence of rhythm & blues
on a generation of British musicians such as The Rolling Stones, Cream and The Who, and how the song-writing of Bob Dylan and studio
developments of The Beatles transformed the possibilities and ambitions of rock.
Art Rock – 1966-1980
The story of how artistic and conceptual expression permeated rock. From the pop-art multi-media experiments of Andy Warhol and the
Velvet Underground to the sinister gentility of Peter Gabriel's Genesis, White Light, White Heat traces how rock became a vehicle for artistic
ideas and theatrical performance. We follow Pink Floyd from the fated art school genius of Syd Barrett through the global success of Dark
Side of the Moon to the ultimate rock theatre show, The Wall. Along the way, the film explores the retro-futurism of Roxy Music and the
protean world of David Bowie.
Punk- 1973-1980
A tale of two cities, London and New York and the birth of punk. Each city created a bastard child that marked the biggest and
fundamental shift in popular music since Elvis walked into Sun Studios. Blank Generation unpicks the relationship between the bankrupt
New York and the class and race-riven London of the mid-1970's and explores the music of The Sex Pistols, The Clash, Ramones, Television,
Patti Smith, The Damned and Buzzcocks.
Heavy Metal- 1970-1991
The story of the longest surviving and certainly the loudest genre of rock, heavy metal. With no sign of disappearing, metal has been the
most controversial and misunderstood of all rock genres. Emerging at the tail end of the hippy dream from the rust belt of industrial England,
heavy metal would go on to secure the most loyal fan base of all. With Black Sabbath as the undisputed Godfathers, we follow their highs
and lows, and, along the journey, meet Deep Purple, Judas Priest, Iron Maiden and Metallica.
History of rock.
Stadium Rock – 1965 - 1993
We Are The Champions follows the development of some the biggest names in Rock, among them Queen, Bruce
Springsteen, The Police and Dire Straits and shows how, through events such as Live Aid and the rise of MTV, rock
achieved a global influence on culture and politics. The film concludes in the early 90s, as U2 effectively brought the era
to a close by reinventing the big rock show so completely, that fifteen years later most major rock tours are still pale
facsimiles.
Alternative Rock – 1980-1994
The rise of alternative rock in the USA. From its early underground days where bands like Black Flag drew inspiration
from the DIY ethos of punk, Left Of The Dial traces the history of the network of fans, clubs and fanzines that sustained
the scene and launched the careers of bands like REM, The Pixies and Hüsker Dü. The film takes a fresh look at the
explosion of the Seattle scene, culminating in the success of Nirvana's 'Nevermind' and the tragic loss of Kurt Cobain, an
artist whose triumph and tragedy continues to cast an inescapable shadow.
Indie – 1980-2007
The story of British indie, beginning with The Smiths, the archetypal indie group. The film follows The Stone Roses
as the heirs to the indie crown, Suede's dark sexuality and the media saturation of Brit-pop's Blur v Oasis. What The World
Is Waiting For explores how indie ultimately lost its once cherished intimacy and integrity in front of 250,000 fans at
Oasis's Knebworth spectacle in 1996 and how, by returning to its roots in clubs and bars (and even front rooms) with
bands such as Franz Ferdinand, The Libertines and The Arctic Monkeys, indie became respectable again.
Examples of rock music.
Oasis – Don’t Look Back In Anger: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-ysg62GmFo
Bill Haley & The Comets: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5fsqYctXgM
The Clash – London Calling: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfK-WX2pa8c
R.E.M. – Losing My Religion: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if-UzXIQ5vw
Iron Maiden – Run To The Hills: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geHLdg_VNww
Summary of Rock Music Videos.
Rock music videos initially began by showing pre recorded shows then relaying
them to other TV shows and to other channels. The change into what we know
music video’s happened during the late 60s early 70s where bands began to create
video that showed the band creating a visual experience for the audience however
this plan then transcended in to full feature length films such as HELP! By the
Beatles. One of the first video’s that used new technologies to create an interaction
with the audience is the video to Bohemian Rhapsody to create the light and the
multiple imagery within the video. Rock music has an ever changing conventions
as the genre has moved on so much that it allows ever expanding conventions to be
created. Rock music video’s used to be based around the idea of viewing the band
playing music to the idea that drugs, sex and rock and roll was the most important
part to now where storylines are an extremely important part of what is ‘normal’
within music videos.
Influences.
All of the work I have done looking at the development of rock music and the music
video industry have influenced the way that I want my video to be filmed and what I
want it to look like after the editing process. I want my music video to have a fun and
summery vibe which has been influenced by the cross section of videos I have
looked at. I want my music film to have a storyline which has been influenced by the
appearance of storylines in video’s in the 70s and the 80s. My video ideas have
been influenced by video’s from David Bowies to Madonna and this is what I will
try and recreate in my video. I really way my video to have a indie film look to it so I
shall use a variety of different shot types that change at a rapid pace as well as using
a lot of point of view shots which will allow me to create a more intimate feel to the
video. Foster The Peoples video really helped me to envisage what I want my
video’s to look like.
Digipak.
Digipaks typically consist of a gatefold paperboard or card stock
outer binding, with one or more plastic trays capable of holding a
CD or DVD attached to the inside. Digipaks were created to
increase the content of a normal CD which is used to increase
interest and sales as it is not just purely a CD. They tend to feature
a CD/DVD both and exclusive information such as pictures.
IMPAC Group, Inc. originally owned the Digipak trademark. That
company was acquired by MeadWestvaco (MWV) in 2000 and
folded into its AGI Media division. Following this acquisition, the
Digipak name and designs were licensed to manufacturers around
the world. MWV sold AGI Media to Atlas Holdings in 2010. In
2012, Atlas purchased Shorewood Packaging from International
Paper and merged the two companies to create AGI-Shorewood.
Although less vulnerable to cracking than a jewel case, the disc
tray inside the package (particularly the "teeth" of the hub which
secure the disc in place) remains rather brittle and is prone to
cracking if the package is crushed. Digipak-style cases grew in
popularity among record labels and recording artists in the early
2000s.
Magazine Advertisement.
Advertising is integral to the music industry as
revenue can be created from the sales of
advertisement as well as the attraction and gaining of
an audience that a chosen advert can bring to a
magazine. By placing an advert in a magazine a wider
audience can be reached which ultimately may help
your product with increased sales from an audience
that may have not have been reached without the
advert.
Adverts can contain a theme of house style developed
by the artist which allows the product to attract a new
audience as well as identifying with an already formed
audience. Images of the artist and text that relates to
the audience will help the advert to catch the attention
of the reader.
Magazine adverts are often placed in magazine that
contain similar ideals and looks so that there is a
connection between the reader and the advert ensuring
maximum sales and attraction which is the ultimate
aim for the product.
Bibliography of References.
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video
www.youtube.com
http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/sevenages/

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Media timeline

  • 2. History of Music Videos. 1902-1917: The phonoscène era The phonoscène was a forerunner of sound film. It combined a chronophone sound recording with a chronograph film shot with actors lip-synching to the sound recording. The recording and film were synchronized by a mechanism patented by Leon Gaumont in 1902. The first phonoscènes were presented by Gaumont in 1902 in France. 1926-1959: Talkies, soundies, and shorts In 1926, with the arrival of "talkies" many musical short films were produced. Vitaphone shorts featured many bands, vocalists and dancers. Spooney Melodies in 1930 was the first true musical video series. Shorts were typically six minutes in duration, and featured Art Deco-style animations and backgrounds combined with film of the performer singing. 1960–1967: Visual innovation In 1961, for Canadian show Singalong Jubilee, Manny Pittson began pre-recording the music audio, went on-location and taped various visuals with the musicians lip-synching, then edited the audio and video together. Most music numbers were taped in-studio on stage, and the location shoot "videos" were to add variety. In 1963, singer Kyu Sakamoto is featured on the Japanese television program Shall We Meet At Seven? singing eight of his best-known songs, including his international hit Sukiyak. Sakamoto is shown singing the latter as he walks through an alley past barrels. One of the earliest Videos of a Top 40 hit, was Jan & Dean's "Surf City", produced in Summer 1963, contemporaneous with the single release reaching Number One nationally in July 1963 (ref: Wikipedia). Filmed on location on Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu, it's a period-piece, capturing much of the atmosphere and vibe of the Southern California early 1960s beach scene. This video is readily available for download and viewing on YouTube.com. Another early performance clip was The Animals's 1964 hit “House of the Rising Sun".This high- quality colour clip was filmed in a studio on a specially-built set; with the group lip-synching. 1974–1980 – Beginnings of music television United Kingdom In 1975, The Who released their all-music feature film Tommy, directed by Ken Russell, based upon their 1969 rock opera of the same name. Also in 1975, the band Queen ordered Bruce Growers to make a promo video for their new single "Bohemian Rhapsody" to show it in Top of The Pops; this is also notable for being entirely shot and edited on videotape.
  • 3. History of Music Videos. The Alan Parker film adaptation of Pink Floyd The Wall transformed the group's 1979 concept double-LP of the same title into a confrontational and apocalyptic audio-visual labyrinth of stylised, expressionistic images, sounds, melodies and lyrics. The long-running British Rock music show "The Old produced a number of pioneering videos made especially for the program throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. These included a video of Frank Zappa's "City of Tiny Lights" made using claymation and videos made for performers such as Television, Led Zeppelin, Genesis, Pink Floyd and Mike Oldfield. The executive producer of The Old Grey Whistle Test was Mike Appleton. Derek Burbidge and Kate Humphreys directed and videoed many of the artists. The audio was always of prime importance. Gregg Baily was the recordist for the show on location. Although many assumed the bands were playing live, due to technical issues and the need to ensure performances were controlled, the bands often recorded the performance on the day of shooting prior to taping, and then mimed to this "live" track. Other directors and camera operators were Martin Pitts in the USA, and for England, John Metcalfe and Tim Pope and many others. Location shoots all over the world were an essential part of the program. Martin Pitts Directed clips for the Bee Gees that aired on the show. United States American alternative punk rock group Devo created many self-produced music videos, which were included in the pioneering compilation "The Truth About Devolution", directed by Chuck Statler. Devo's video cassette releases were arguably among the first true long-form video productions. Also, one of their music videos "The Day My Baby Gave Me a Surprise" was the first to use computer and traditional animation.Shock-rocker Alice Cooper took a video of his Welcome To My Nightmare concert showcasing the intense visual performance it gave.Alice Cooper himself makes reference to making one of the first music videos on the promotional videos for his album Along Came A Spider. 1981–1991: Music videos go mainstream In 1981, the U.S. video channel MTV launched, airing "Video Killed The Radio Star" and beginning an era of 24-hour-a-day music on television. With this new outlet for material, the music video would, by the mid-1980s, grow to play a central role in popular music marketing. Many important acts of this period, most notably Adam and The Ants, Duran Duran and Madonna, owed a great deal of their success to the skilful construction and seductive appeal of their videos.
  • 4. Examples of Music Videos. The Animals - House of The Rising Sun: www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwAw9ThDQmk Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody: www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ9rUzIMcZQ Jan & Dean - Surf City: www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNwqa-QzAec The Buggles - Video Killed The Radio City: www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8r-tXRLazs Michael Jackson - Thriller: www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQ_ExkfcBao
  • 5. History of Rock. Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in 1950s America and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources. Blues Based Rock – 1963-1970 The rock revolution of the 1960s seen through the life and music of Jimi Hendrix. The first doomed icon of rock, Hendrix was the synthesis of everything that had gone before him and all that was to come. The Birth Of Rock also explores the influence of rhythm & blues on a generation of British musicians such as The Rolling Stones, Cream and The Who, and how the song-writing of Bob Dylan and studio developments of The Beatles transformed the possibilities and ambitions of rock. Art Rock – 1966-1980 The story of how artistic and conceptual expression permeated rock. From the pop-art multi-media experiments of Andy Warhol and the Velvet Underground to the sinister gentility of Peter Gabriel's Genesis, White Light, White Heat traces how rock became a vehicle for artistic ideas and theatrical performance. We follow Pink Floyd from the fated art school genius of Syd Barrett through the global success of Dark Side of the Moon to the ultimate rock theatre show, The Wall. Along the way, the film explores the retro-futurism of Roxy Music and the protean world of David Bowie. Punk- 1973-1980 A tale of two cities, London and New York and the birth of punk. Each city created a bastard child that marked the biggest and fundamental shift in popular music since Elvis walked into Sun Studios. Blank Generation unpicks the relationship between the bankrupt New York and the class and race-riven London of the mid-1970's and explores the music of The Sex Pistols, The Clash, Ramones, Television, Patti Smith, The Damned and Buzzcocks. Heavy Metal- 1970-1991 The story of the longest surviving and certainly the loudest genre of rock, heavy metal. With no sign of disappearing, metal has been the most controversial and misunderstood of all rock genres. Emerging at the tail end of the hippy dream from the rust belt of industrial England, heavy metal would go on to secure the most loyal fan base of all. With Black Sabbath as the undisputed Godfathers, we follow their highs and lows, and, along the journey, meet Deep Purple, Judas Priest, Iron Maiden and Metallica.
  • 6. History of rock. Stadium Rock – 1965 - 1993 We Are The Champions follows the development of some the biggest names in Rock, among them Queen, Bruce Springsteen, The Police and Dire Straits and shows how, through events such as Live Aid and the rise of MTV, rock achieved a global influence on culture and politics. The film concludes in the early 90s, as U2 effectively brought the era to a close by reinventing the big rock show so completely, that fifteen years later most major rock tours are still pale facsimiles. Alternative Rock – 1980-1994 The rise of alternative rock in the USA. From its early underground days where bands like Black Flag drew inspiration from the DIY ethos of punk, Left Of The Dial traces the history of the network of fans, clubs and fanzines that sustained the scene and launched the careers of bands like REM, The Pixies and Hüsker Dü. The film takes a fresh look at the explosion of the Seattle scene, culminating in the success of Nirvana's 'Nevermind' and the tragic loss of Kurt Cobain, an artist whose triumph and tragedy continues to cast an inescapable shadow. Indie – 1980-2007 The story of British indie, beginning with The Smiths, the archetypal indie group. The film follows The Stone Roses as the heirs to the indie crown, Suede's dark sexuality and the media saturation of Brit-pop's Blur v Oasis. What The World Is Waiting For explores how indie ultimately lost its once cherished intimacy and integrity in front of 250,000 fans at Oasis's Knebworth spectacle in 1996 and how, by returning to its roots in clubs and bars (and even front rooms) with bands such as Franz Ferdinand, The Libertines and The Arctic Monkeys, indie became respectable again.
  • 7. Examples of rock music. Oasis – Don’t Look Back In Anger: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-ysg62GmFo Bill Haley & The Comets: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5fsqYctXgM The Clash – London Calling: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfK-WX2pa8c R.E.M. – Losing My Religion: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if-UzXIQ5vw Iron Maiden – Run To The Hills: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geHLdg_VNww
  • 8. Summary of Rock Music Videos. Rock music videos initially began by showing pre recorded shows then relaying them to other TV shows and to other channels. The change into what we know music video’s happened during the late 60s early 70s where bands began to create video that showed the band creating a visual experience for the audience however this plan then transcended in to full feature length films such as HELP! By the Beatles. One of the first video’s that used new technologies to create an interaction with the audience is the video to Bohemian Rhapsody to create the light and the multiple imagery within the video. Rock music has an ever changing conventions as the genre has moved on so much that it allows ever expanding conventions to be created. Rock music video’s used to be based around the idea of viewing the band playing music to the idea that drugs, sex and rock and roll was the most important part to now where storylines are an extremely important part of what is ‘normal’ within music videos.
  • 9. Influences. All of the work I have done looking at the development of rock music and the music video industry have influenced the way that I want my video to be filmed and what I want it to look like after the editing process. I want my music video to have a fun and summery vibe which has been influenced by the cross section of videos I have looked at. I want my music film to have a storyline which has been influenced by the appearance of storylines in video’s in the 70s and the 80s. My video ideas have been influenced by video’s from David Bowies to Madonna and this is what I will try and recreate in my video. I really way my video to have a indie film look to it so I shall use a variety of different shot types that change at a rapid pace as well as using a lot of point of view shots which will allow me to create a more intimate feel to the video. Foster The Peoples video really helped me to envisage what I want my video’s to look like.
  • 10. Digipak. Digipaks typically consist of a gatefold paperboard or card stock outer binding, with one or more plastic trays capable of holding a CD or DVD attached to the inside. Digipaks were created to increase the content of a normal CD which is used to increase interest and sales as it is not just purely a CD. They tend to feature a CD/DVD both and exclusive information such as pictures. IMPAC Group, Inc. originally owned the Digipak trademark. That company was acquired by MeadWestvaco (MWV) in 2000 and folded into its AGI Media division. Following this acquisition, the Digipak name and designs were licensed to manufacturers around the world. MWV sold AGI Media to Atlas Holdings in 2010. In 2012, Atlas purchased Shorewood Packaging from International Paper and merged the two companies to create AGI-Shorewood. Although less vulnerable to cracking than a jewel case, the disc tray inside the package (particularly the "teeth" of the hub which secure the disc in place) remains rather brittle and is prone to cracking if the package is crushed. Digipak-style cases grew in popularity among record labels and recording artists in the early 2000s.
  • 11. Magazine Advertisement. Advertising is integral to the music industry as revenue can be created from the sales of advertisement as well as the attraction and gaining of an audience that a chosen advert can bring to a magazine. By placing an advert in a magazine a wider audience can be reached which ultimately may help your product with increased sales from an audience that may have not have been reached without the advert. Adverts can contain a theme of house style developed by the artist which allows the product to attract a new audience as well as identifying with an already formed audience. Images of the artist and text that relates to the audience will help the advert to catch the attention of the reader. Magazine adverts are often placed in magazine that contain similar ideals and looks so that there is a connection between the reader and the advert ensuring maximum sales and attraction which is the ultimate aim for the product.