Set of proof of concept and use cases with internet of things technologies are presented with one sliders. In each case, the IoT challenge, result, benefits and use case example are given.

1. Proof of concepts and use
cases with IoT technologies
Productivity with Internet of
Things /
Industrial internet

2. 202/01/2015 2
Sensor networks

3. 3
IoT Challenge:
Dynamically and reliably measure and transmit info as close to teeth contacts as
possible to get a representative figure of affecting circumstances and load profiles
Potential customer segment is critical mechanical component e.g. gear, bearings
manufacturers and users e.g. in marine and wind power industry
Support model based lifetime estimation in industrial applications.
Result
1. DWTS to spray wear and high temperature tolerant stain gauges, wirings and
connectors on the functional surfaces of gear tooth profile. 2. Passive DWTS tooth
crack sensor successfully connected to NFC tag reader for wireless crack indication.
3. Ultrasound technology to measure and transmit deflections along the gear
contacts.
Technology Readiness Level: PoC at the laboratory level
Benefits:
Identification of operational gear teeth loadings and impending faults with
implemented sensors supporting for process management and model based lifetime
estimation. Robust sensors technologies will provide new possibilities for future gear
condition based maintenance solutions.
No existing low cost solutions on the market.
Contact person:
Jari Halme
Use case example:
Gear tooth loading and impact sensing
Utilization e.g. at
Wärtsilä, ATA Gears
etc. CBM cases for
extending overhaul
interval. Utilizatio
Further development/
utilization will be
carried out in ArTEco
project (Martec II)

4. 4
Flexible wireless sensor for structural and
condition monitoring
IoT Challenge
Limited number of wireless solutions to measure strain on curved
surfaces in structural and condition monitoring
Rigid sensors tend to get damaged or broken on curved surfaces
Result
Flexible wireless sensor demonstrator strain measurement of curved
steel structure
Mobile phone as a user interface
Well protected against environmental stresses by vacuum casting
encapsulation technique.
TRL 6 proof-of-concept
Customer segments: construction and building, machine shop industry,
healthcare
Benefits
Low-cost easily deployable measurement system
Energy efficient cable-free instrumentation
Customised measurement system
Protected against environmental stresses
High volume pilot manufacturing possibility at VTT PrintoCent
Contact person
Markus Tuomikoski
Use case: Distributed, wireless
monitoring of roof structures of large
buildings, such as supermarkets, music
and sport halls etc.
Mobile terminal
as display and
control unit

5. 5
Real-Time Sensor Life-Cycle Management and Sensor R&D
IoT Challenge:
Sensors & laboratory instruments are not managed efficiently:
– Most of the problems relate to SW.
– High risk involved in SW upgrades: versions, calibrations, etc.
Sensor network lifecycle management has severe problems:
– Lack of support & availability/usability issues.
– Manual calibrations and maintenance.
• Excessive needs for customization and modifications:
– Vendor and end-user systems are all different.
– Lack of interoperability, connectivity and interfacing.
Future Factories have interrogative sensors that are actively troubleshooting processes.
Result
We have demonstrated real-time sensor R&D and production versions that enable
simultaneous usage and development of sensor software.
Similarly, we can run multiple sensor calibrations and have smooth transition between them.
There is a proof-of-concept demonstrator, software packages, algorithm libraries, IPR
Maturity as Technology Readiness Level (TRL: 3-4), by the end of year 2014 (TRL: 5-6)
There should be 1-2 patents by the end of year. Already 7 invention disclosures.
In early October, we will have two real sensors for demonstration.
Benefits:
Sensor availability, robustness, connectivity, easy of maintenance and interoperability.
Real-time sensor R&D, comparisons, support, diagnostics.
Parallel SW versions (prod, R&D, trouble-shooting, disruptive R&D…).
Contact persons:
Pekka Teppola (Pekka.Teppola@vtt.fi, +358 40 834 0661)
Pasi Hyttinen (Pasi.Hyttinen@vtt.fi, +358 40 532 8724)
Use case example: With SpectraCloud
technology, sensor companies can
speed up their sensor R&D and
simultaneously validate sensor software
in real-time. This directly translates to
improved sensor performance and better
service quality for end-users. In addition,
end-users (and automation companies)
can validate safely and, in parallel,
different sensor calibrations before
implementing the closed-loop process
control.
CONFIDENTIAL

6. 6
Networked sensoring and measurements in mining
industry
IoT Challenge:
Mining industry needs more reliable on-line measurements for process
optimization to achieve energy and material savings as well as better
product quality
The most potential customer segment is mining industry (both mining
and instrument companies)
Data handling and calibration can be realized remotely
Result
Measurement needs in mining industry identified
VTT offering for those needs mapped (TRL 3-6)
A proof-of-concept study as well as development of algorithm for
particle size analysis of crushed stone for Metso Minerals (TRL 3)
Benefits:
Reliable, robust on-line measurement of particle size distribution
No existing robust, low cost solutions which can measure reliably the
whole particle size distribution of crushed stone on the market.
Contact person:
Matti Okkonen, Katariina Rahkamaa-Tolonen
Use case example:
Minimizing losses in batching
plants with the help of on-line
information about particle
size of chips.

7. 7
Sensor fusion for more accurate activity detection
(& navigation)
IoT challenge:
Accurate, low energy and connectivity-free navigation methods are urgently
needed in consumer devices and in special industry & security devices.
New emergency call standards also require the altitude/floor information of the
caller.
Barometric sensors together with inertial sensors and sensor fusion algorithms
could provide the needed functionality (activity & navigation).
Result:
Testing & utilisation of the VTT’s patented MEMS barometric sensor that has
excellent sensitivity (~0.5 Pa) and good absolute accuracy (~5 Pa), potentially
allowing detection of altitude differences as small as 5 cm.
Sensor fusion algorithm(s) that utilise the barometric sensor as well as
“regular/existing” integrated smartphone sensors to detect user activity and
support in navigation.
Benefits:
The accuracy of the sensor is better than the current market leader (Bosch
BMP180) and on-par with the upcoming successor (Bosch BMP280).
The sensor and the (sensor fusion) algorithm(s) together can provide competitive
edge for product manufacturers (wrist devices, smartphones) seeking to integrate
better activity detection and navigation functionality.
Contact persons:
Jussi Polet, Henry Rimminen, Dan Bendas, Antti Iivari
Use case example:
An end-user “exercise motivator”
mobile application, that uses the
sensor(s) and sensor fusion
algorithm(s) to display more detailed
user activity information in relation to
altitude information.

8. 802/01/2015 8
Efficient data management and utilisation

9. 9
An approach from data to informed decisions
IoT Challenge:
IoT solutions are typically used to optimise daily operation and
maintenance of a system but data collected and analysed by IoT
solutions can support strategic level decisions which determine
substantial part of the life cycle costs and profits
The approach is applicable to wide range of industrial branches
Result
The prototype tool demonstrates concretely the approach how raw
data collected by sensors and manually can be analysed and utilised
when prioritising development targets, defining investment portfolio
etc.
The approach for data utilisation is well established and the TRL level
of the tool is 4.
Benefits:
Customers are able to make informed and transparent decisions by
the structured approach.
Currently commercial tools are mainly focused on data analysis in
operational level but tools for strategic level decision support are rare
Contact person:
Susanna Kunttu
Use case example:
Investment portfolio definition
begin with selecting investment
targets by analysing system
condition, unavailability, production
bottlenecks, maintenance costs
etc. Each investment proposal is
then uniformly and transparently
evaluated to select most profitable
investment portfolio.

10. 10
Tools for Fast Data Discovery and Visualization
IoT Challenge:
Much of the business intelligence data is stored in legacy systems and databases
The data in legacy systems is often slow to integrate or export to applications other
than its main function
This challenge is likely to become more important as the number of data sources
increase (as is anticipated by the adoption of IoT)
Result:
FastData project result is a proof-of-concept demonstration of a data pipeline to
combine existing energy consumption data (from smart energy meters in Otaniemi
area) with hourly electricity price information from Nordpool (Nordic electricity stock)
This demonstrator utilizes semantic data integration framework S-APL
Online demo: http://wizard.erve.vtt.fi:10002/fastdata/
Benefits:
Real-time integration and data discovery from legacy systems and databases
without the need for costly and custom-made ETL tools
Real-time information is needed to drive timely decisions to improve resource
efficiency, improve customer retention and customer experience (just to name a few)
Information needs to be readily available (e.g. on online dashboards), not behind
legacy system interfaces and handcrafted Excel sheets
Contact person: Ville Antila
Example utilization process in
3 steps:
1. Connect legacy systems
and databases (real-time,
semantic integration)
2. Discover new relationships,
find correlations and hidden
variables/factors
3. Renew business processes
or business rules, find
potential new products
Hourly distribution electricity cost
of selected buildings in Otaniemi,
Espoo

11. 11
Online percentile estimation for statistical
compression of monitoring data
IoT Challenge:
The data growth due to increasing number of networked sensors or
measurement agents. Variable and possibly very high data rate. Recovering
observed history, trends or anomalies require saving of the past data.
Supporting situation awareness require accurate real-time state information.
IoT issue: Memory, CPU power and communication capacity are typically
limited resources at the places where data is measured/collected.
One potential customer segment is IoT based remote monitoring, e.g.
remote monitoring of wind turbines, mobile base stations or other hard-to-
reach systems. Another potential customer segment is network SLA
monitoring.
Result
The result is a generic and tested C program library. It is an online algorithm
for estimation/computation of the percentiles of the observed empirical
distribution of the data. It works with fixed memory and limited CPU power.
Market closeness is 5 or 6 on scale 1…7. The result works in real
applications but it is not intended to be sold as such. It can be a part of
many different IoT (and other) applications.
Benefits:
Significant reduction in the amount of data (bytes) needed to be stored.
Saved data will be automatically structured which makes it fast to recognize
trends or anomalies. Generic code can be tailored and applied to many
situations. It is a fast algorithm.
Contact person:
Jorma Kilpi
Use case example: Wind
turbines monitor themselves and
produce a lot of data. From
monitoring data the decision of
expensive repair actions are
made. Data connection from wind
turbines to internet is usually slow
and expensive. Processing at the
wind turbine is limited.
Information
High data rate.
Online statistical filtering of
data with fixed memory and
limited computing resouces.
Low
data
rate
.

12. 12
Individually adjusted thermal indoor environment
IoT Challenge:
Currently building automation does not take in to account individual
preferences on temperature.
Result
Individual’s preferences are used to adjust the temperature of the room
or space.
The person is identified with common RFID badge or similar. Preference
profile is fetched from database, and room temperature and other factors
are adjusted accordingly. No sensors carried by user.
In advanced case, person’s location in the room is used for local
temperature control.
Based on sophisticated Human Thermal Model, which is VTT’s IPR
Proof-of-concept, TRL 5 (September 2014)
Benefits:
Better occupant satisfaction and energy saving.
Enables new service solutions for customer segments such as hospitals,
hotels, offices, transportation.
Contact person:
Pekka Tuomaala
Use case example:
Building automation systems
detects that Mary has arrived
at her office. Utilizing this
information, as well as space
temperature level monitoring,
a the solution optimizes
temperature at Mary’s post
– maximising Mary’s thermal
satisfaction and avoiding
unnecessary energy
consumption.

13. 13
SolarSon: Automated infrared copter
system for photovoltaic solar plants
IoT Challenge:
Once photovoltaic solar panels are installed on a large solar plant,
maintenance becomes a big issue.
Solar energy operation & maintenance (O&M) companies, solar
cell manufacturers offering O&M services and large PV plant
owners need efficient tools for detecting faults in the plants.
IoT and industrial internet enable efficient solutions to the big plants.
Result
SolarSon IR UAV system detects faulty solar panels fast and a
fault map of the plant is created.
IPR of the copter and cloud based data analysis system is created.
Business roadmap is done.
Benefits:
Efficient and cost-effective way to ensure sustained profitability of
large photovoltaic systems.
System is faster than handheld and rectractable pole IR methods
and more cost effective than ordinary helicopter/airplane methods.
Contact person:
Pierre-Emmanuel Panouillot
Use case example: A 80 MW /
2,4 km2 photovoltaic solar plant
is inspected fast and
automatically and a map of
faulty panels is created.
Customer replaces faulty
panels with new ones, repairs
cable connections and the plant
maintains its electricity
production in full power.

14. 1402/01/2015 14
Big data , roadmapping

15. 15
Big Data Architecture Survey
IoT Challenge:
VTT should be able to answer the architectural questions, make
sensible tool selections and focus our offering and research on
Big Data
Potentially all VTT customers interested in data analysis (NSN,
F-Secure,…)
Data volume, variety and velocity is increasing all the time –
new tools are being developed to handle it.
Result
Document giving a broad view on software components used
on different layers on Big Data analysis
Benefits:
VTT is able to recommend the right Big Data software
components for the customer and has the knowledge to use
applicable Big Data tools in projects
Contact person:
Arttu Lämsä, Ville Könönen
Use case example: A
customer has wants to collect
usage data from a mobile
application. Using the
knowledge on Big Data
architectures, VTT is able to
come up with a solution to
store, analyze and monitor the
data.

16. 16
Bluetooth roadmap for IoT
IoT Challenge:
IoT need low-power wireless hop from sensors to sensors and to
masternode or routing hub
Proprietary radio solutions do not give futureproof implementation
Interfacing wirelessly with smartphone gives benefits of smartphone
evolution, easy routing and futurepoof implementation platform
Result
New initiative for Bluetooth standard implements Mesh network over
BT4.1. Current proposal is proprietary but open source.
Initial evaluations of the proposed system are positive and provide
very good backwards compatibility
Tool for IoT projects to implement true internet of things over exsisting
smartphone base.
Benefits:
Low cost IoT implementation for IoT projects and products
Competition in smartphone space is scarce, since Bluetooth is
dominating shortrange radio solution in smartphones, and when
compared with wifi much more power efficient.
Contact person:
Mika S Sarén
Implementation example: Role
changing BT MESH nodes in
CSR poposal

17. 1702/01/2015 17
Positioning, tracking and consumer behaviour

18. 18
People Flow Monitoring with Radar Sensor Network
IoT challenge:
IoT needs digital representation of a real world
For example, people flow information is needed for dynamic operation
of the automation systems in urban infrastructure.
Current monitoring methods do not provide people tracking or do not
function adequately in outdoor conditions (e.g. Kinect: problems in direct
sunlight or rain/for/smoke, low range)
Result:
Radar is used for people tracking
24 GHz radar with TX power of 10 mW
Embedded µC/FPGA control
Radar prototype and detection algorithm in TRL4
Customer segments: lift vendors, building management system vendors
Benefits:
Reliable people and object tracking with low cost sensors (bill-of-
materials <100€)
Long range (up to 20m), ability to cover large areas with a single sensor
Works indoors and outdoors, also in direct sunlight and rain
Contact person:
Pekka Pursula
Use case examples:
At a subway station crowds are
being monitored using FlowRadar
and guided by the use of adaptive
lighting to use a correct number of
escalators (service level vs.
energy savings)

19. 19
People behaviour monitoring and classification
IoT Challenge:
Intelligent systems need to understand human needs
Customer segment: brick and mortar stores need to offer personalised
shopping experience to compete with online stores
Result
Implementation of people tracking by Kinect2
Implementation of people tracking by stereo camera
Implementation of algorithms for 1) classifying behaviour of shoppers and
2) predicting locations where shoppers will stop in near future
Offline tests of classification algorithms on real life data from Anttila;
accuracy 60-80%, depending on data and task at hand
Technology Readiness Level: 6
Benefits:
Existing solutions are mainly used in labs; our system was used in real stores
Our solution is less dependent on light and is less privacy-threatening than
video camera – based solutions
Allows more accurate and longer range tracking than previous version (> 8m.)
Now we can offer better people tracking solution based on modern sensors
Contact person:
Johannes Peltola
Use case example:
• Shop managers get accurate
information regarding
numbers of customers
stopping near certain stands
vs. numbers of passers-by
• Shop customers can get
timely assistance when they
stop near certain stands

20. 20
Wireless, energy-autonomous shelf-label (iLabel)
IoT Challenge:
Continuously changing prices cause a big amount of work in every retail-store.
Especially big super-markets need a proper solution for this (S-chain, K-chain in
Finland).
Recording customer’s routes in a super-market gives valuable information for its
operation.
Data from and to the end of IoT chain.
Result
Our project is still on-going, but it will offer the challengin part of a toolset for
solving above described challenges.
We will implement a prototype combining all the technologies for the actual label,
a few wireless technologies and understanding of configuring the potentially huge
(50 000 nodes) network.
TRL 6-7
Benefits:
Saving costs of big amount of manual work, data on customers behaviour for
layout design etc. Competitor (partner?) Marisense.
Energy autonomous, tracing customers in a super-market.
Competitors are battery powered, our utilises energy harvesting.
Competitors have only on part of the label reconfigurable (they use stickers to
complete the information given), we have all date configurable.
Our solution is planned for huge networks (50 000 nodes).
We include positioning of customers (trolleys, carts) in the concept.
Our data transmission solution is quite novel, UWB and/or modulated light.
Contact person:
Timo Lehikoinen
Use case example: Pricing of all goods
in Prismas.

21. 21
Designing Attraction Points for Productive Business
IoT Challenge:
How it is possible to measure reliably behaviour and actions of a consumer
in shopping environments and understand, what are their true attraction
points? This challenge is proposed by retail operators, manufacturers,
shop fittings manufacturers and e.g. some advertising agencies.
VTT’s People Tracker will (hopefully) developed further towards an easy-
to-use, low cost sensor network type solution. This will enhance
opportunities to utilize eye movement tracking technologies and build
novel, partially automated service concepts around it.
Result:
The basic result is a proof of concept (prototype) of a system, which
produces visualisation of consumers’ movements e.g. in a store and a heat
map of his attraction points. This data can be used by experts to analyse,
what should be done to the setup in order to meet the requirements of the
business. (Maturity of the technology: TRL7)
Benefits:
By getting information of customer’s attraction points the retailer can
optimize e.g. product placements or optimize locations of signage. VTT’s
solution helps to do decisions based on true behaviour of the customer
instead of guessing, what is interesting for the customer.
Contact person:
Jari Kaikkonen.
Use case example: Petteri wants to
improve sales by rearranging some parts
of his store. How he can reliably find out,
what should be changed and evaluate the
effect of changes to the behaviour of his
customers? Petteri’s problem can be
solved by using data gathered and
visualized with VTT’s system and
analysing the result by an expert.
(Practically, this is a new, fact-based way
to design customers’ attraction points in a
shopping environment.)

22. 22
Ultra Wide-Band WSN platform with positioning
IoT Challenge:
One low cost platform for high speed data transmission, low power operation, and accurate
positioning
Easy standardized start-up for WSN and positioning applications
In industrial environment tolerance for noise is essential. Easy adaptability for different
applications is required as well
The most potential customer segment is machine industry
Result:
Proof-of-concept demonstration for 3D positioning and user data transfer in mesh and star
topologies, containing VTT developed software and positioning algorithm & some VTT
designed HW
This has created interest and 1 customer project has started already
R&D is still needed: Completely VTT designed HW platform. improve features like reliability,
range and throughput by optimizing SW
Benefits:
Multipurpose platform for industrial WSNs and positioning
The UWB platform is noise tolerant and efficient data transmission. Yet advantages of
traditional WSNs are not sacrificed, nodes are small and low cost. There exists several WSN
platforms e.g. Zigbee based, also there are some UWB solutions but not combination like ours
There are no commercial UWB solutions on the market yet, according to our knowledge.
All plans we know usually concentrate on positioning only, we combine positioning and data
transmission.
I do not know any other institute or vendor having made MAC for IEEE 802.15.4 UWB.
I do not know any other institute or vendor having made mesh for IEEE 802.15.4 UWB.
MAC requires both start and mesh topologies; so our customers, too.
Contact person:
Timo Lehikoinen.
Use case example: A robotic crane
manufacturer can use the platform to
locate end of a moving boom while
rapidly transfering sensor data from the
boom to a server database

23. 2302/01/2015 23
Security

24. 24
MEMS Crypto
IoT Challenge:
Data security is crucial for IoT.
There is a risk that a successful attack which tampers with the
measurement or control data might paralyze parts of the operation.
Result
Two pieces of MEMS cryptography modules have been built and their
embedded software has been finished.
Fits directly to popular embedded platform (Beagle Bone Black)
Modules show good entropy of generated secret.
System level software development is ongoing
Design of a trust establishment protocol, which is secure and intuitive
for the person who installs the measurement/sensor node.
Potential customers: Industrial internet / IOT vendors. Industrial
measurement/automation providers, such as Metso.
Benefits:
Tamper proof secure sensor node with easy initialization phase
Competition is almost non-existent, since security of sensor networks
has been somewhat neglected
Contact person:
Henry Rimminen
Use case example: Successful
attack which tampers with the
measurement or control data might
paralyze parts of the grid. The
remote readable measurement
nodes are secured with MEMS
assisted cryptography.

25. 25
Combining network and physical system data
for added benefits to both
IoT Challenge:
ICT systems in industrial sites are being compromised by attackers
using cyber-, social- or physical weapons
Result
Definition of a shared context for all security services which can
be used to detect intrusions and deviations that are not
individually detectable, but as a group
Result type: IPR
Maturity of Technology: TRL-4 (Research to prove feasibility)
Customers: ICT and other areas using ICT
Benefits:
Better detection of security threats in high-security systems and sites
Competitive edge: VTT solution collection of data from separate
(competing) systems
The proposed solution improves cybersecurity through the use of big
data and IoT paradigms
Example: SAFE security monitoring system (by Combitech) has the
same kind of features, but it is based on strong customisation
Contact person:
Mirko Sailio
Use case example: Access from
a specific console to a high-
secure corporate information
system is temporarily restricted
from user A (e.g. until another
form of authentication is
performed), based on the fact that
according to the physical access
control system, she is currently
located in another part of the
facility.

26. 2602/01/2015 26
User interfaces

27. 27
Enhanced Interactive Augmented Reality Experience
with Dynamic Print and Smart Phone (DynamicAR)
IoT Challenge:
Brand owners, consumer good and packaging manufacturers are looking for cost-effective,
scalable methods for 1) sales promoting to differentiate their products; 2) product
anticonterfeiting.
Result
A demo made for Android smart phone: an AR application using commercial temperature
responsive inks printed on product (picture).
First sales pitch with the demo coffee cups to a major brand owner (Nestle) and paper board
converter (MetsäBoard) on Aug 9.
A road map for developing ALVAR and ALVAR 3D Tracker created: Functionality for ALVAR
etc with free open-source OpenGL Game Engine integration to support rendering of third-
party 3D models for eg commercial purposes was achieved. In the future, the current AR SDK
utilized in this demo could be replaced with ALVAR.
TRL 5-7
Benefits:
The benefit to the customer (= brand owner): Advanced method to get more info with less
space in product: unlock many hidden stories/identification layers using just one marker.
Possibility to apply for antifounterfeiting.
Competitive edge: cost-effective, scalable opportunity by combining functional prints and
smart phones.
Contact person:
Eero Hurme
Use case example:
Functional thermochromic marker
printed on paper sleeve, mounted
on paper board coffee cup: AR
demo changing on smart phone
screen whether cold or hot
contents.

28. 28
Transparent Ultrasonic Transducers (TUT)
for advanced user interfacing
IoT Challenge:
New user interfacing and interaction technologies are strongly and
urgently needed to improve users’ experience towards immersive
environment, augmented reality, wearable devices and smart machines
etc.
Result
18.09.2014: fully released TUT deice demonstrated on Si wafer; devices
on glass wafers are coming soon; devices will be finallised by end of Sep.
Then devices can be tested by impedance analyser etc.
VTT unique ipr; TRL 3-4
Benefits:
This is new and disruptive technology for ultrasonic perception with lower
power, more efficient and more robust;
The transparent ultrasonic eye tracking is a unique solution without
blocking the sight and provides powerful touchless input method using
same type of transducers
Contact persons:
Bin Guo
Jani Mäntyjärvi
Use case example: Proposed
transparent ultrasonic
transducer can be freely placed
on top of the display element on
any display technology, and or
in the line of sight on eyewear.
They can be used in PCs, TVs,
mobile phones, google glasses,
wearable devices, smart
machines etc.

29. TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS