The document provides guidelines for students to study and document a historic site as part of an educational program called ELAICH. It outlines 3 levels of documentation - Level A involves taking photographs, Level B involves on-site sketching, and Level C involves taking precise measurements to produce detailed drawings. Level A is the basic requirement, while Level C is the most advanced. The goal is for students to apply their educational knowledge to accurately observe, describe, and analyze deterioration and other issues at the historic site in order to help preservation experts.

1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Educational Toolkit
Teaching Material
Basic Course
Adopt a Site
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students
Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

2. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Copyright
©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012
This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH –
Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4
Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries.
This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the
educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and
on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making
reference to these terms.
Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or
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Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2)
copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4)
used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH
Beneficiaries has been obtained.
Disclaimer
This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this
document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as
reflecting the position of the European Union.
Photographs: Courtesy of Anna Lobovikov-Katz
Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Slide 2

3. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Abstract Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for
eLAICH students are specifically targeted to prepare the
students for the on-site educational activity upon the
completion of study of all 6 Modules.
Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Slide 3

4. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Aim
The in-situ survey project is intended to reinforce and
apply the theoretical knowledge accumulated during the
previous teaching sessions in the framework of eLAICH
through the in-situ survey and analysis of a historic site,
which is focused on the deterioration of building materials
used on a (portion of a) historic building/site. The second
aim of this work is to collect data, to understand it, and to
shape the results of your analysis and conclusions in a way
understandable by other people.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 4

5. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
What is most important?
•Accuracy: In this work you will have to be as accurate as possible, both in
graphic and verbal description.
•Application of knowledge that you have acquired through the
ELAICH classes related to various conservation issues, such as: types
of deterioration, degrees of deterioration, possible causes of decay, different
building materials, different types of structures and their elements, etc.
•Please keep in mind that you are not a professional conservation expert (that
would need a much longer period of study). However, you may make a real
contribution to preservation of cultural heritage – you just need to look, see,
describe. You may not know what type of deterioration you’ve just discovered,
but if you describe it accurately, you may help a conservation expert/ historic site
manager in preserving your cultural heritage.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 5

6. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Important note
You are requested to examine and document the
texture and color of stone, mortars, etc. as accurately as
possible. Please pay attention even to slight differences
in color, texture, thickness of layer, etc.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 6

7. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Guidelines for observation and analysis
It is recommended to summarize the preliminary analysis performed in-
situ, such as:
a. What is the location of each specific type of deterioration? (Each
type of deterioration of a certain visual appearance.)
b. What is special about this location (e.g. close to the ground / roof / close to
the water source / unique location / recurring feature in different sections of
the building which are characterised by . . ., etc.)
c. Is a building material unique for your section (e.g. – specific stone
color, texture, shape or deterioration type appears only in the
section where your team is working? (Collaborate with other teams consulting
data collected by them.)
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 7

8. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Guidelines for observation and analysis
d. What might be the causes of deterioration which you discovered?
e. What do you think should be performed as part of a "monitoring" process?
What should be done to prevent future decay, as
part of "preventive conservation”?
f. In consultation with your ELAICH local conservation expert, create ​a legend
shared for all teams. In case you cannot get the consultation – try to compare it
to the material studied in the eLAICH Modules; you might find helpful Glossaries
on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, available on the Internet.
There should be a separate legend for
Types of building materials
Types of deterioration
Grades (degrees) of deterioration
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 8

9. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
What is it?
Documentation of built heritage comprises collecting on site and
processing precise data on historic buildings and sites, both in written and
two-dimensional images. Documentation involves different types and
techniques of documentation and measurements, from photography and
sketches to precise drawings and sophisticated advanced techniques, like
photogrammetry and laser scanning.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 9

10. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Mapping
Documentation of built heritage comprises collecting on site and
processing precise data on historic buildings and sites, both in written and
two-dimensional images, which involves different types and techniques of
documentation and measurements, from photography and sketches to
precise drawings and sophisticated advanced techniques, like
photogrammetry and laser scanning (see Module 1: Topic 1.5.).
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 10

11. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site
Level “A” Photographs taken by eLAICH students;
Level “B” Sketches made by eLAICH students;
Level “C” Measurements to be elaborated in precise drawings to be
produced by eLAICH students.
Level “A” is the basic level, which doesn’t demand any sketching ability
or background of students.
Level “B” is based on basic sketching ability or background of students.
Level “C” is the advanced level, which includes producing simple
precise drawings by the students, and taking measurements on site.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 11

12. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 12

13. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 13

14. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
for eLAICH students
Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 14

15. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “A”: Photographs
Step I
Photographic survey
From students’ work in the course “Documentation of
historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
Town Planning, Technion,
(supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011.
Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit
Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll;
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 15

16. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “A”: Photographs
Step II
Mapping on photograph:
Studying stones
From students’ work in the course “Documentation of
historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
Town Planning, Technion,
(supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011.
Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit
Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll;
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 16

17. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “A”: Photographs
Step II
Mapping on
photograph:
Different degrees of
deterioration
From students’ work in the course “Documentation of
historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
Town Planning, Technion,
(supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011.
Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit
Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll;
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 17

18. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “A”: Photographs
Step II
Mapping on
photograph:
Cracks, plaster, cement
From students’ work in the course “Documentation of
historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
Town Planning, Technion,
(supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011.
Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit
Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll;
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 18

19. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
From students’
work in the course
“Documentation of
historic building
and sites” Faculty
of Architecture
and Town
Planning,
Technion,
(supervised by
Anna Lobovikov-
Katz) 2011.
Work by Yanai
Apelbaum, Zahi
Zafrani, Ronit
Negrea, Daniel
Koppel, Ori Roll;
Level “A”: Example of Steps I & II: Mapping on photograph
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 19

20. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
From students’
work in the course
“Documentation of
historic building
and sites” Faculty
of Architecture
and Town
Planning, Technio
n,
(supervised by
Anna Lobovikov-
Katz) 2011.
Work by Yanai
Apelbaum, Zahi
Zafrani, Ronit
Negrea, Daniel
Koppel, Ori Roll;
Level “A”: Example of Steps I & II: Mapping on photograph
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 20

21. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “B”: Sketches
From students’ work in the
ELAICH Pilot course, the
Hebrew Reali School, Haifa,
(Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov-
Katz) 2010.
Correct Incorrect (in perspective distortion)
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 21

22. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “B”: Sketches
From students’ work in the
ELAICH Pilot course, the
Hebrew Reali School, Haifa,
(Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov-
Katz) 2010.
Step I
Making free hand
sketch on site
(as precise
as possible)
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 22

23. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “B”: Sketches
From students’ work in the
ELAICH Pilot course, the
Hebrew Reali School, Haifa,
(Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov-
Katz) 2010.
Step II
Mapping visual
information on
sketch on site:
Building materials
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 23

24. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “C”: Measurements
& precise drawings
Step I
Taking measurements
Due to its “rigid” on site
form triangular is
currently used as a
basis for
measurements.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 24

25. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “C”: Measurements
& precise drawings
Step I
Taking measurements
on site
Triangular measurements of
arches, curves, any shape.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 25

26. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “C”: Measurements
& precise drawings
Step I
Taking measurements
on site
Triangular measurements of
arches, curves, any shape.
Example: measuring “green line”. You
should check with level that meter is
horizontal.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 26

27. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “C”: Measurements
& precise drawings
Step I
Taking
measurements on
site
Triangular
measurements of
arches, curves, any
shape.
Example: measuring arch
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 27

28. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “C”: Measurements
& precise drawings
Step I
Taking
measurements on
site
Triangular
measurements of
arches, curves, any
shape.
Example: measuring arch
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 28

29. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “C”: Measurements
& precise drawings
Step I
Taking measurements
on site
Measurements’ results can
be marked on a photograph,
or more commonly – on a
sketch, produced specially
for this purpose.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 29

30. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “C”: Measurements
& precise drawings
Step I
Taking measurements
on site
Page from field book, which contains all
notes, measurements and sketches
taken on site. It is the original document
of an on-site survey.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 30

31. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Documentation on site
Level “C”: Measurements
& precise drawings
Step I
Taking
measurements on
site
Triangular
measurements of
http://www.elaich.technion.ac.il/index.php?option=com_conte
arches, curves, any
nt&view=article&id=73&Itemid=106
shape.
Example: measuring arch
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 31

32. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Photographic survey
Photography can provide
data regarding the shape of
the building, its
conservation state, and
different materials used in
its construction/ repair/
previous restorations.
Photographic surveys can
be focused on general info
– general view of a building,
as well as document
systematically every single
detail.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 32

33. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Photographic survey
Photography can provide
data regarding the shape
of the building, its
conservation state, and
different materials used
in its construction.
Photographic surveys
can be focused on
general info – general
view of a building, as
well as document
systematically every
single detail.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 33

34. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Photographic survey
Photographic survey
From students’ work in the course
“Documentation of historic building
and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
Town Planning, Technion,
(supervised by author) 2011.
Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi
Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel,
Ori Roll; Boaz Barr, Ben Coen, Omer
Cohen
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 34

35. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Precise drawings
Precise drawings: façade –
shows a view (projection) of a
wall, in accordance with a set
of requirements applied in
precise drawing (drafting).
Students’ work in the course “Documentation
of historic building and sites” Faculty of
Architecture and Town
Planning, Technion, (supervised by author)
2011. Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama
Sivan, Reut Shpatz
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 35

36. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Precise drawings
Precise drawings: plan – shows a view (projection) of a floor from above, in
accordance with a set of requirements applied in precise drawing (drafting).
Student’s work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion
(supervised by author) 2003. Precise drawing coordination by Anna Shiffman, Vladimir Feigin, Yulia Podolsky
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 36

37. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Mapping
The results of the
documentation and
measurements undertaken on
a historic building/ site can be
processed and combined in a
graphic representation of the
analysis of building materials
used in a building, and its
conservation state. This is
called “mapping”. Students’ work in
the course “Documentation of historic building
and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town
Planning, Technion, (supervised by author)
2011. Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama
Sivan, Reut Shpatz
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 37

38. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Equipment
Equipment developed for geodetic survey is
widely used in conservation and varies from
simple to sophisticated. Here a simple level
(leveling instrument) allows establishment of a
virtual horizontal plane, to enable the surveyor
to collect data about relative height, e.g. of
different parts and elements of this courtyard of
a “Khan” (inn) built at the end of 18th century in
Acre. Are you sure the floor is horizontal?
Columns are of equal height? You can check it
with a level. Nothing should be “assumed” by a
conservation surveyor - everything should be
measured and documented.
n
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 38

39. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Text
A few examples of advanced documentation techniques can be
accessed on the Advanced Topics section of Module 1, e.g.
regarding laser scanner:
Digital Documentation of Heritage. Queen’s University, Belfast, School
of Geography, Archaeology, and Palaeoecology - funded by Engineering
and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6PMcP8BkWE.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 39

40. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Thank you for your attention
© Anna Lobovikov-Katz
© Anna Lobovikov-Katz
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. Slide 40