1. 4th European Conference
on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
in Architecture and Planning
University of the Basque Country
Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
1-3 July 2013
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the
renovation of the Malartic district (France)
Diagnostico energético y evaluación de soluciones
para la renovación del barrio Malartic (Francia)
Stéphanie Bontemps
Aurélien Henon, Laurent Mora, Jérôme Lopez

2. Introduction
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 2
Building in France :
 44% of the total final energy consumption
 25% of the total national CO2 emissions
French government launched:
 A huge program of construction of low, passive and positive energy
buildings
 An extensive renovation program
The Malartic district :
Innovative technical, organizational and financial project for a global energy
renovation of several houses

3. Introduction
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 3
 The « DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR » Association
 The « FOURMINERGIE » Project
 The Malartic district
 Selection of a sample to be used as experimentation
 Simulation of the current houses energy performance
 Selection of technical solutions to improve the energy performance
 Conclusion

4. DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 4
2005: 2 presentations organized by a district association on the theme of energy
savings
2006: Creation of the DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR association by 40
homeowners families
Association goals:
 Promote sustainable technologies for people and the environment
 Inform and engage works on flows control (energy, water, waste…) in the field of
housing and living conditions
 Promote and develop collective initiatives, especially through energy audits and
energy saving certificates

5. DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 5
Actions carried out since its creation:
 Thematic groups working on information and reflection on energy savings
 Individual and collective operations implemented (grouped purchasing
organization for boilers and pressure reducers)
 2007: 39 energy audits performed supported by ADEME and Aquitaine Regional
Council
 2008: 2 years partnership agreement with Gaz de Bordeaux to carry out research
on insulation solutions which implied works on 2 houses between 2010 and 2011
 2010: 10-day Workshop with Maison de l’Architecture d’Aquitaine and ENSABx with
technical and architectural discussions on works to engage and to make students
think about environmental issues raised by the association (energy, water and
materials used management)
Association members have been highly educated on the subject of global
energy renovation for many years

6. FOURMINERGIE
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 6
Project launched in 2012 in the Malartic district
Steps:
 Analysis of the current energy performance of the different types of houses in the
district
 Definition of a methodology to improve the performance using significant energy
renovation and construction of a decision-making tool
 Financial and legal set-up
 Renovation operations achievements on the experimental houses
 Monitoring and feedback
 Communication/Training/Duplication

7. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 7
 716 houses
 100 hectares
 Construction in the 1970s (before the first thermal regulation in France)
 3 types of houses : Alicante (similar to Baléares and Bermudes), Castille, Cérac
Malartic District
Type and version of houses Number in the Malartic district
Alicante (5 and 6 rooms),
Bermudes (5 rooms),
Baléares (5 rooms)
335
Castille (4, 5 and 6 rooms) 254
Cérac (4, 5 and 6 rooms) 127

8. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 8
Malartic District
 Alicante

9. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 9
Malartic District
 Castille

10. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 10
Malartic District
 Cérac

11. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 11
Elements of construction:
 Single glazing with wood frame
 Many thermal bridges
 Infiltration rate of around n50 = 8 vol/h
 Natural ventilation with two inlet air
vents
 Heating system : gas central heating
and wood stove for some houses
Malartic District
Type of walls
(Alicante – 6 rooms)
Materials Thickness (m)
Conductivity
(W/m.K)
Density
(kg/m²)
Vertical walls
Coating 0.01 1.150 17
Brick 0.14 0.500 97
Air gap 0.04 0.250 0
Brick 0.04 0.500 28
Coating 0.01 0.800 16
Floor
Reinforced concrete slab 0.10 2.300 235
Mortar 0.03 1.150 60
Tiled floor 0.02 1.700 46
Intermediate floor Wood fiber 0.05 0.150 40
Roof
Shingle 0.01 0.500 17
Wood particle board 0.025 0.150 20
Polyurethane foam 0.07 0.050 5
Linex 0.044 0.063 13

12. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 12
Goal:
Selection of a reduced number of houses among 16 cooperating houses, which
represents at best the cooperating houses, and at a large scale the entire district, to
be studied at a more detailed level
Parameters considered to classify the houses:
 The compactness of the building (2 levels)
 The rate of common walls (2 levels)
 The orientation of the house (2 levels)
 The performance of the envelope (3 levels)
Parameters with an influence on the comfort and the energy performance
 5 houses selected as priorities for the following steps of the study
 2 more houses considered as relevant to broaden the technical database
for the energy performance analysis of the district
Selection of a sample to be used as
experimentation

13. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 13
Studied case: Alicante house (6 rooms)
Available data:
 Interviews with homeowners in 2012
 Infrared thermography surveys in 2012 and 2013
 Study of an architectural firm involved in the project
 Energy audits of 2007 and 2013 with temperature measurements
Simulation of the current houses energy
performance

14. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 14
From these data we deduced:
 Walls composition
 Works done since the construction
 Infiltration rate
 Location of thermal bridges
 Heating, lighting and household appliances power
 Building functioning (stove use, temperature instructions, house occupancy
between 2006 and 2011)
Simulation of the current houses energy
performance

15. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 15
 Several thermal zones
 Radiative and convective heat transfers
taken into account in a global constant
coefficient depending on the angle and
optical properties of the walls, in addition
to wind exposure outside
 Thermal bridges values chosen according
to the thermal regulation values ​​included
in the software
 Assumption on some walls and windows
thermal conductivities
 Time step of 1 hour
 Loose power calculated with electricity
bill
Simulation of the current houses energy
performance
Assumptions made on Pléiades+Comfie to model the house:

16. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 16
Calculation of the actual heating energy requirements from the gas and wood
consumption between 2006 and 2011:
 Boiler energy efficiency: 80%
 Stove energy efficiency: 60%
 Distribution losses are neglected
 Gas consumption for hot water: 30% of the total consumption of water is hot water
consumption and water is boiled at 55°C
Results on heating energy requirements:
Pléiades+Comfie: 13 223 kWh/year From energy bills: 13 170 kWh/year
Simulation of the current houses energy
performance

17. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 17
Methodology to elaborate a scenario as part of a global renovation:
 Selection of possible solutions taking account of the specific constraints of the
Malartic district houses
 Evaluation of single solutions concerning insulation (walls, roofs, floors) and
windows with the integration of a single flow ventilation. Each item can be
refurbished with two or three different variations. Solutions are ranked with
energy, environmental, economic and comfort assessments
 Combinations of single technical solutions taking care that the combinations of
each best single solution do not lead to incoherent combinations. The proposed
scenarios are the combination, globally one solved per exterior the other per
interior, of two or three solutions concerning the insulation
 Dual flow ventilation with heat recovery included when the entire envelope is
renovated
 The old gas boiler and all the supply system are replaced when the heat demand is
significantly reduced, otherwise, the present solution is maintained, but including
supply system balancing and thermostatic valves addition
Selection of technical solutions to
improve the energy performance

18. Conclusion
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 18
First stages of the « FOURMINERGIE » project presented:
 Selection of experimental houses
 Current house energy performance estimated using a dynamic thermal simulation
tool and compared to the real energy performance
 Methodology developed to determine the renovation scenarios
In prospect:
 Improve the house model on Pléiades+Comfie using hourly measurements of
Mérignac meteorological station (2003-2012), ageing of materials and with a more
accurate air change rate
 Simulate the renovation scenarios to choose the innovative technical solutions to
implement on the experimental houses
 Evaluate selected solutions on experimental houses using consumption monitoring
 Replicate and/or fixe the retained solutions to the whole Malartic district, to
districts with similar typology and insert them to the decision-making tool

19. Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 19
Thank you for your attention
Any questions
stephanie.bontemps@u-bordeaux1.fr

20. References
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 20
 ADEME, Chiffres clés bâtiment 2011, (2012)
 Les objectifs du Plan Bâtiment Grenelle - Le Grenelle Environnement,
http://www.legrenelle-environnement.fr/Les-objectifs-du-Plan-Batiment,974.html
 DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR, Fourmilien Cahier 0 Démarche de l’association
mode d’emploi, (2008)
 Des fourmis dans le compteur - Accueil, http://www.fourminergie.fr/
 DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR, Fourmilien Cahier 2 Bilan énergétique des
maisons du quartier de Malartic à Gradignan, (2008)
 Pleiades+COMFIE, http://www.izuba.fr/logiciel/pleiadescomfie
 Barmaud, G., Optimisation de l’implantation d’une double cellule expérimentale
dans le site EDF des Renardières, (1987)
 La consommation d’eau chaude sanitaire, http://www.energieplus-
lesite.be/index.php?id=11314