Airbus Alternative Fuels (Targeting carbon-neutral aircraft operations)

31 January 2012Airbus Alternative Fuels
Airbus Alternative Fuels
Targeting carbon-neutral aircraft operations
Date: 31 January 2012y
Presented by Juan José Benito Martínez – Environmental Affairs

Contents
Airbus Alternative Fuels 31 January 2012
1. The context and objectives
2. Alternative fuels categories
3. Airbus Alternative Fuels Strategy
4. What’s needed now?
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Page 2

Contents
Page 3

Airbus Overview...
600
Passengers
A380
500
600
A340-600
Airbus facts: (End 2011)
• 11.479 Orders
• 7.042 Deliveries
• 4.437 a/c backlog
400
A340 500
A350 XWB-1000
g
• 364 Operators
300 A300-600
A330-300
A330-200
A340-300 A340-500
A350 XWB-800
A350 XWB-900
200
A321
A320
A319
A310
100
2000 4000 6000 8000 nm
Range
A319
A318
Page 4

Positive track record..........
IN THE LAST 40 50 YEARS
75% noise reduction and 70% CO2 emissions reduction
IN THE LAST 40-50 YEARS …
75% noise reduction,
Turbojets
1st Generation Turbofans
and 70% CO2 emissions reduction
80
90
100
Engine fuel
Consumption
2nd Generation Turbofans
More than 20dB
improvement
30
40
50
60
70
Aircraft fuel
Burn per seat
-70 %
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
Lateral Noise Level, corrected for Aircraft Thrust
1955 Jan
58
Jun
63
Dec
68
Jun
74
Nov
79
May
85
Nov
90
May
96
Oct
01
10
20
%
Aviation has already achieved tangible results
Page 5

…but a significant challenge ahead
Known technology, operations and infrastructure measures
Economic measures
No action
CO2
emissions
T h
Biofuels and additional technology
Economic measures
Tech
Ops
Infra
Carbon
Neutral
Growth
2020
Biofuels +
add. Tech
2020
-50% by
2005 20502020 2030 2040
2050
2010
(schematic)
2005 20502020 2030 20402010
Page 6

A sectorial challenge that needs different levers
31 January 2012
APUs
Early aircraft
retirement
Operations:
New
materials
New aircraft
technologies
Flight
procedures
Alt ti
CDAs
Infrastructure:
O ti
Alternative
Fuels
Air traffic
management
Operations:
Weight
reduction
Economic
measures
Each lever has a part to play
in meeting the global challenge
Each lever has a part to play
in meeting the global challenge
Page 7
g g gg g g

…achievable with a basket of measures
Green commercial flight: AF 6129 (13/10/2011
T l P i O l ) d fToulouse-Paris Orly) made use of:
Product
i t
Aircraft weight
reduction
Optimised Air
Traffic Management
Sustainable
Alternative Fuelimprovement reduction Traffic Management
(ATM) and Efficient
Continuous Descent
Approach (CDA)
Alternative Fuel
50% reduction in CO2 emissions*
Page 8
* 54 g CO2 per passenger per km which is half the emissions of a conventional flight (2,2 l/passenger/100 km)

INFRASTRUCTURE
ATM – SESAR, NextGen
IATA: 4.8 M tons of CO2 / Year
Page 9

Innovation at the heart of Eco-Efficiency
SystemsStructures
EnginesAerodynamics
Configurations - Integration
The overall fuel burn saving potential is not the sum of the individual technologies.
It depends upon the configuration of the aircraft and the integration of those in it.
p p g g
Page 10

A350 XWB – Efficiency by design
Airframe with advanced materials (53% composite)
St t f th t d i (M0 85 i d)State of the art aerodynamics (M0.85 cruise speed)
Simple, efficient systems
Latest generation enginesg g
An all new design for a step change in economic efficiency
Page 11

The lowest carbon emissions
Lowest fuel burn
Lowest CO2 emissions
Grams CO2 emitted
per person per km
o es CO2 e ss o s
p p p
-25%
2 class layouts
80% load factor
4000nm sector
Airbus success in reducing fuel burn and emissions
Previous generation aircraft
Page 12
Airbus success in reducing fuel burn and emissions

A320neo: A320 Family efficiency
improvement package
improvement package
Sharklets:
Fuel burn saving on long sectors
Improved field performance
New engines:
Bypass ratio 9 to 12
Up to 81 inch fan diameter
Lower SFC
Low risk, minimum change aircraft… ...yet up to 15% overall fuel burn reduction
Lower noise levels
Page 13

Double benefit of fuel efficiency improvement
Reduced CO emissions Reduced NOx emissionsReduced CO2 emissions
CAEP/6
Reduced NOx emissions
A320 A320neo
CAEP/8
- 15%
- 20%- 20%
A320 A320
20%
A320 A320neo
800 nm sector
1585 trips per year
3 600 tonnes less C02 emissions per aircraft and year
Over 50% margin to most stringent NOx regulation
1585 trips per year
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. 14
Page 14

Contents
Page 15

Aviation Alternative Fuels
Technological & safety challenges
31 January 2012
Technological & safety challenges
NOTE:
= Not Approved
= Approved by:
ASTM D1655
NOTE:
= Not Approved
= Approved by:
ASTM D1655
C i Al h l Bi E t
Fuel Type
& or DEF STAN 91-91
? = Under evaluation
& or DEF STAN 91-91
? = Under evaluation
Cryogenic
Li fi d
Alcohols Bio-Esters
Conventional
Straight run
FT-Jet A1
f C l &Non-
Renewable
(Fossil)
Liquefied
Natural Gas
NOT
drop-in
Infrastructure,
Airframe
Straight-run
and Hydro-
processed
(SPK) crude
oil etc
from Coal &
Natural Gas
(CTL, GTL)
tegory
Airframe
HEFA-Jet A1 FT-Jet A1 Alcohol
Renewable
Cat
Hydrogen
NOT
drop-in
Low energy
per unit
l
Ethanol
NOT
drop-in
FAME
NOT
drop-in
HEFA Jet A1
from
Biomass
D i
FT Jet A1
from
Biomass
(BTL)
D i
Alcohol
derived
SPK from
Biomass
(Alcohol to
Jet)
D ivolume,
Availability,
Infrastructure,
Airframe
35% lower
energy
content
10% lower
energy content
Freezes at -5C
Drop-in Drop-in Drop-in
SPK = Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene; FT = Fischer Tropsch; HEFA = Hydro-processed Esters & Fatty-Acids
FAME = Fatty Acid Methyl Esters; CTL = Coal To Liquid ; GTL = Gas To Liquid ; BTL = Biomass To Liquid
SPK = Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene; FT = Fischer Tropsch; HEFA = Hydro-processed Esters & Fatty-Acids
FAME = Fatty Acid Methyl Esters; CTL = Coal To Liquid ; GTL = Gas To Liquid ; BTL = Biomass To Liquid
Page 16

Alternative Fuels illustrated
FAME starts
freezing
LIS
freezing
(if no FL limitation)
FAME
GRU
FAME
(FL limited)
(GRU) Guarulhos Intl Sao Paulo SP BR
(GRU) Guarulhos Intl, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
JET A-1, xTL’s and HEFA’s gives the performance as a drop-in
Page 17

What are Sustainable alternative fuels for Airbus ?
Short / Mid Term
Flash point 38°C
Short / Mid Term
Freeze point -47°C
Biomass
Drop in
Sustainable Drop - In Same Routes
Same Distribution
Meet Approval Specifications
All Aircraft
Meet Approval Specifications
Page 18

Aviation’s commitment to sustainable biofuels:
SAFUG - Sustainable Alternative Fuels User Group
SAFUG Sustainable Alternative Fuels User Group
The Pledge
• Will not displace, or compete with,
food crops or cause deforestation
• Minimises impact to biodiversity
• Produces substantially lower life
cycle greenhouse gas emissions thancycle greenhouse gas emissions than
conventional fossil fuels
• Certified sustainable with respect to
l d t dland, water, and energy use
• Delivers a positive socioeconomic
impactp
Page 19

RSB – Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels
The reference for sustainability
The reference for sustainability
1. Any Value Chain Project managed by AIRBUS has to be sustainable in conformance with RSB criteria
2. RSB is representing all the main actors concerning Biofuels sustainable development
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB):
Sustainability Standard for entire Biofuel value chain
• From Farm to TankFrom Farm to Tank
• It represents the cornerstone of Airbus’ Biofuels strategy
3rd party Sustainability Standard Certification process
Benchmarking the sustainability of different feedstocks is a priorityg y p y
Page 20

Aviation Biofuel
Potential sustainable feedstocks: present and future
Potential sustainable feedstocks: present and future
AlgaeAlgaeWood wasteWood waste Jatropha
YeastYeast
SalicorniaSalicornia CamelinaCamelina
YeastYeast
Different solutions for different parts of the world
Page 21

Contents
Page 22

Airbus Alternative Fuels Strategy
• Locally support our customers by offering efficient and sustainable
solutions for their operations.
• Act as a catalyst for the commercialization of biofuels.
• Provide a global support to the aviation industry.
• Be positioned as a major actor for sustainable aviation.
• Be an Eco Efficient Company.
Ai b h th t it t f CATALYST t REFERENCE• Airbus has the opportunity to move from CATALYST to REFERENCE :
REFERENCE = Leadership, Consultancy, Business Intelligence, Long Term
Implementation
Page 23

What Airbus has done and what is doing:
Demonstrations
isation,
Value Chains Commercial Flights
Catal st Implementation
Commerciali
Catalyst Implementation
October 2009
Qatar Airways
November 2010
TAM
February 2008
Airbus A380
April 2011
InterJet
sDrivers
n,Catalyst,C
nIndustry
Airbus A380
Airbus
O2Reduction
Aviation
Leading to
P d ti
stomers,CO
Leading to
C tifi ti
Leading to
G fli htProduction
Cus
Certification
European Commission: 2MT by 2020, Off take, Policy, Financing, 9 Refineries
Green flights
Page 24

What Airbus has done:
Demo flights and Fuel Certification support
Demo flights and Fuel Certification support
October 2009
Qatar Airways
A340 600
November 2010
TAM A320
Demo FlightA340-600
First commercial
GTL flight
50% GTL all engines
Demo Flight
50% Jatropha HEFA
On one engine
g
50% HEFA* Fuels50% FT* Fuels
February 2008
Airbus A380
Flight test
April 2011
InterJet A320
Demo FlightFlight test
50% GTL
On one engine
Demo Flight
30% Jatropha HEFA
on one engine
* FT Fuels: Fischer Tropchs Fuels (GTL CTL BTL) * HEFA Fuels: Hydrogenated Esters and Fatty Acids
FT Fuels: Fischer Tropchs Fuels (GTL, CTL, BTL) HEFA Fuels: Hydrogenated Esters and Fatty Acids
Page 25

What Airbus is doing:
Acting as a catalyst for the Commercialization of Bio-Jet Fuels
Acting as a catalyst for the Commercialization of Bio Jet Fuels
Guarantee the sustainability of the solution Set-up one Value Chain Project on each continent1 2
?
? ?
?
? ?
?? ?
• Biofuel Implementation
• Brazilian solution
Jatropha
• Qatari Solution
Microalgae
• Romanian solution
Camelina
• Spanish solution
Camelina
Prepare and push for commercialization of Bio-Jet Fuels
Page 26

Sustainable value chain projects:
Feedstock:
Jatropha Oil
Brazilian Biokerosene Platform
• Stakeholders: TAM, Airbus, JetBio, UOP, AirBP
• Objective: 80 000 tonnes of Jatropha Bio-Jet Fuel by 2013Objective: 80 000 tonnes of Jatropha Bio Jet Fuel by 2013
( 25% of TAM’s annual fuel consumption)
Romanian Camelina Value Chain Project
• Stakeholders: TAROM, Airbus, Camelina Company España, UOP
• Objectives: Develop a sustainable biofuel supply chain capable
of producing 100 000 tonnes of Camelina Bio-Jet Fuel in the
Feedstock:
Camelina Sativa
p g
coming years
Strengthen the project in order to link it with the European
Advanced Biofuels Flightpath
Qatar Advanced Biofuel Platform
• Stakeholders: Qatar Airways, Airbus, Rolls Royce, Qatar
Petroleum, Qatar University/Science & Technology Park (QSTP)
Feedstock:
Micro-algae BTL
, Q y gy (Q )
• The world’s first Biofuel Value Chain Project (launched on 10
January 2010
Page 27

Spanish Initiative for Production and Consumption of BiojetfuelSpanish Initiative for Production and Consumption of Biojetfuel
Stakeholders and structure:
Management
**
Sustainability
Page 28

Objectives and Roadmap:
I l t ti f t i bl bi j tf l i d t i S i ith d ti t t fImplementation of a sustainable biojetfuel industry in Spain with a production target of
100.000 t/year of biojetfuel (2% of kerosene consumption in Spain)
PHASE I.a
FEASIBILITY STUDY
PHASE I.a
FEASIBILITY STUDY
2010 – 2011
Alternatives definition: feedstock/technology/logistics.
Initial feasibility studies: technical/economic/environment/social.y
2011 – 2013
f f / f /PHASE I.b
DEMONSTRATION
PHASE I.b
DEMONSTRATION
Full feasibility study: feedstock scale up/ Biojetfuel plant/airport
logistics
Decision making.
PHASE II
IMPLEMENTATION
PHASE II
IMPLEMENTATION
2014 – onwards
Deployment– National biojetfuel industry.
Page 29

Deployment:
Enhance
FEEDSTOCK
Voluntary or
mandatory 2%
Flagship
BIOJETFUEL PLANT
PRODUCTION
mandatory 2%
BIOJET target
Enhance biojet demandTrigger industry (offer)
Enough feedstock
jgg y ( )
Enough feedstock
guaranteed (200.000 ha)
Page 30

Supporting commercial Flights using BioFuel
Lufthansa Pure Sky
July 15th 2011 – Dec 15th 2011
y
• World's first regular scheduled commercial flights
4 d il d i HAM FRA HAM f 6 h• 4 daily round-trips HAM-FRA-HAM for 6 months
1200 flights
• A321, IAE enginesg
• A/C fuelling in Hamburg only, but within Minimum Ground Time
• 50% blend of HEFA kerosene supplied by Neste Oil in one engine
• Mix of feedstocks: jatropha and tallow oil• Mix of feedstocks: jatropha and tallow oil
• Research on biofuel usage and engine performance
Part of the BurnFair R&T Project
So rce L fthansa
• Joint research activity of 12 universities and industry partners under
Lufthansa leadership
Source: Lufthansa
Page 31

Feedstock:
Used Cooking Oil
Finnair
July 21st 2011
A319 50% UCO b d HEFA i b th i
UCO
• A319, 50% UCO based HEFA in both engines
• Amsterdam to Helsinki
Interjet
July 21st 2011
Feedstock:
Jatropha Oil
• A320-300
• 27% blend of Jatropha based HEFA in both engines
• Mexico City to Chiapas
Iberia
October 3rd 2011
A320
Feedstock: Camelina Sativa Oil
• A320
• 25% blend of Camelina based HEFA in both engines
• Madrid to Barcelona
Page 32

Leading the European Biofuels Flightpath
Leading the European Biofuels Flightpath
2 MTons of Aviation BioFuels in 2020 = 4% of EU fuel consumption
Cross Industry & government collaboration and consensusCross Industry & government collaboration and consensus
By 2020:By 2015: By 2018:
• Full deployment of at least 2
million tons of biofuels per
annum for EU aviation
• Set-up financial mechanisms
• Secure sustainable feedstock
production to feed 3 refineries
• Construct 3 new refineries and
• Regular commercial flights
using bio-jet fuel blends
• Construct 4 additional refineries
• Construct 2 additional refineries• Construct 3 new refineries and
launch Biofuel production
• Manage communication
strategy
• Construct 2 additional refineries
producing algal & microbial oil
based aviation Biofuels
R&T Roadmap alignment
9 Refineries
and 3.000 M€ total Cost
Objective 3 Refineries
Cost 1.300 M€
Objective 6 Refineries
Cost 1.700 M€
& p g
Page 33

Scope of the EC project
Development of standards for drop-in biofuelsDevelopment of standards for drop in biofuels
Sustainability certification frameworks
Biofuel off take arrangements
Establish financing structures
Accelerate targeted research
Inform the European
Page 34

Contents
Page 35

What’s needed now ?
Industrialization
Industrialization
• (Some) R&T already delivered, let’s deploy and implement
• Common sustainability criteria
• Lifecycle analysis• Lifecycle analysis
• More industry wide and Airbus R&T needed on e.g. algae
• Also building on early industrial experienceg y p
• Government support through policy and incentives
• Prioritization of Energy types for different transport modes
• Tax incentives / carbon credits
• Cross industry approach
• Aircraft / Engine Manufacturers to provide technical support for qualification• Aircraft / Engine Manufacturers to provide technical support for qualification
• Airlines to commit to using and buying bio-fuels
• Investors needed!
• Growing local economies in various world locations
• Sustainability criteria
• Joint ventures with airlines and stakeholders
Page 36

Thank you for your attention
Page 37

© AIRBUS S A S All rights reserved Confidential and proprietary document This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S A S No intellectual property rights are granted by the© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the
delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be
used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting
grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.
AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
Page 38

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