1. Reproductive traits and growth of Labrus bergylta in Galician waters David Villegas-Ríos , Alexandre Alonso-Fernandez, Mariña Fabeiro, Rosario Domínguez-Petit and Fran Saborido-Rey

2. INTRODUCTION Galicia and artisanal fishing · 6000 small boats · Multispecific · Different gears (nets, traps, hooklines) · Weak scientific knowledge · Conflict with habitats Landings of Labrus bergylta

3. INTRODUCTION Labrus bergylta (ballan wrasse) · Labridae · Distribution: NE Atlantic and Mediteranean · Inhabits rocky reefs from 0 to 60 m · Feeds on crustacea, molusca, algae and small fish · Very different patterns of coloration

4. INTRODUCTION Reproduction · Protogynic hermaphrodite · Harem forming · Benthic eggs and parental care · Spawns from April to June in Norway Growth · Old studies · Based on opercular bones and scales · 25/29 maximum age for females/males

5. Coloration Non mottled coloration Maragota 3€/kg Mottled coloration Pinto 6€/kg INTRODUCTION

6. METHODS Sampling · Fish markets · 815 individuals from November 2009 to October 2010 · 626 females, 78 males, 107 transitions* · 571 maragota (non mottled coloration), 244 pinto (mottled coloration) · Artisanal fishing: gillnets Fish markets

7. METHODS Sampling Biometry, coloration Reproduction Bioenergetics Diet Growth Formaline -80ºC -20ºC Ovary Ovary Testicles Testicles Liver Muscle Stomach Otolith

8. METHODS Histology · Embebded in parafin · Haematoxilin-eosin · 3 micrometres Primary growth Cortical alveoli Vitellogenesis 1 Vitellogenesis 2 Vitellogenesis 3 Migratory nucleus Hydratation POFs Atresia Brown Peterson et al ., 2011

9. METHODS Growth · Sagittae otoliths · Extracted and washed with freshwater · Reading of the whole otolith submerged in mineral oil · Reflected light · Binocular 3 yr 7 yr 15 yr

10. RESULTS Reproductive cycle in Galicia

11. RESULTS Maturity ogive (length) L 50 =23.3 cm L 50 =23.4 cm L 50 =24.9 cm Df Deviance Resid. Df Resid. Dev P(>|Chi|) NULL 503 198.92 talla 1 60.75 502 138.18 6.489e-15 *** color 1 16.35 501 121.82 5.257e-05 *** talla:color 1 4.89 500 116.94 0.02706 *

12. RESULTS A 50 =2.7 yr Maturity ogive (age) Df Deviance Resid. Df Resid. Dev P(>|Chi|) NULL 234 127.076 talla 1 36.743 233 90.334 1.348e-09 *** color 1 0.974 232 89.359 0.32361 talla:color 1 2.802 231 86.557 0.09415 .

13. RESULTS L 50 =43.9 cm L 50 =38.4 cm L 50 =47.7 cm Sex change ogive (length) Df Deviance Resid. Df Resid. Dev P(>|Chi|) NULL 684 481.59 talla 1 69.94 683 411.64 2e-16 *** color 1 96.87 682 314.77 < 2e-16 *** talla:color 1 1.43 681 313.35 0.2322

14. RESULTS A 50 =10.7 yr A 50 =10.5 yr A 50 =11.5 yr Sex change ogive (age) Df Deviance Resid. Df Resid. Dev P(>|Chi|) NULL 414 284.88 talla 1 133.09 413 151.79 < 2.2e-16 *** color 1 11.72 412 140.07 <0.000618 *** talla:color 1 3.99 411 136.08 0.045771 *

15. RESULTS K=0.31 Linf=37.8 T 0 =-1.48 Growth: Von Bertalanffy Model L=Linf*(1-exp(-k*(T-T 0 )))

16. RESULTS K=0.31 Linf=37.8 T 0 =-1.48 Chow test F=51.2 P<0.001 K m =0.38 Linf m =36.3 T 0m =-0.65 K p =0.06 Linf p =62.5 T 0p =-7.85 Growth: Von Bertalanffy Model L=Linf*(1-exp(-k*(T-T 0 )))

17. RESULTS K m =0.38 Linf m =36.3 T 0m =-0.65 Growth: Von Bertalanffy Model L=Linf*(1-exp(-k*(T-T 0 ))) K p =0.06 Linf p =62.5 T 0p =-7.85

18. RESULTS Growth: otolith size Fish length - Otolith wide Fish length - Otolith length Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.58 0.22 2.61 0.00959 ** talla 0.14 0.01 21.14 < 2e-16 *** colorpinto 0.57 0.33 1.69 0.09200 . talla:colorpinto -0.03 0.01 -3.01 0.00286 ** Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.16 0.15 1.07 0.29 talla 0.07 0.00 16.58 < 2e-16 *** colorpinto 0.45 0.22 2.03 0.043030 * talla:colorpinto -0.02 0.01 -3.39 0.000816 ***

19. DISCUSSION  Labrus bergylta spawns in January-April in Galicia, two months earlier than in Norway (Muncaster et al., 2010) and in synchronization with the main upwelling event in the region, just before the first phytoplanckton bloom.  Maturity is reached at 23.4 cm / 2.7 yr, what is above the minimum legal size of capture (20 cm).  Sex change occurs at 43.9 cm/10.7 yr, but there is a great range.  Growth : Labrus bergylta is a slow growth species. Phytoplanckton blooms in Galicia Sex Length range (cm) Age range (yr) Female 19.6 – 46.2 2 - 14 Transition 25.5 – 53 2 - 13 Male 28.9 - 51.8 6 - 21

20. DISCUSSION Does growth rate affect reproductive potential?  Labrus bergylta is present in two patterns of coloration. The mottled pattern growths faster, what implies a bigger size at maturity and sex change. Non mottled Mottled

21. THANKS e-mail: villegas@iim.csic.es