ESTC 2011 Presentation by Justin Ellis, O2 Planning + Design
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Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Conference (ESTC) (http://www.ecotourismconference.org/) presentation by Justin Ellis, Senior Planner, Parks, Recreation and Tourism, O2 Design + Planning - "Significant Tourism & Recreation Areas Model (STReAM)" - presented in September 2011. Organized by The International Ecotourism Society (http://www.ecotourism.org), the ESTC is a unique annual conference providing practical solutions to advance sustainability goals for the tourism industry.
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ESTC 2011 Presentation by Justin Ellis, O2 Planning + Design
- 1. This presentation was presented at the Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Conference 2011 (ESTC 2011), held in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, USA, from September 19th-21st. Organized by The International Ecotourism Society (TIES), the ESTC is a unique annual conference providing practical solutions to advance sustainability goals for the tourism industry. Learn more about the ESTC: http://www.ecotourismconference.org ESTC on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/ESTC_Tourism ESTC on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/ESTC.Tourism The International Ecotourism Society | web www.ecotourism.orgemail info@ecotourism.org | tel +1 202 506 5033
- 2. Alberta’s recreation & TOURISM resource DATA SYSTEM: Informing collaborative land use planning and decision making in support of tourism ESTCSeptember 21, 2011 Justin Ellis Senior Planner Parks, Recreation & Tourism
- 5. To introduce some land use planning tools that support tourism destination planning and management
- 7. Purpose
- 9. Applications
- 11. Land use planning, decision making and tourism competitiveness
- 12. Ecotourism et al. is a resource based industry
- 13. Depend on the “recreation and tourism resources” (features, scenery, settings, perceived & actual environmental quality)
- 14. Understanding the supply of resources is critical to comprehensive land use planning & destination competitiveness
- 16. The “Resource”
- 17. Establish consistent & pragmatic provincial procedures
- 19. Alberta recreation & tourism FEATURES INVENTORY
- 21. Central GIS based inventory system
- 22. Collaborate & raise awareness with land managers & local governments
- 23. Furnish base data to be consumed by other inventories and modelsRTOS
- 24. Definition of a Recreation / Tourism Feature Recreation / Tourism Feature: A biophysical, amenity, cultural or historical feature which supports or has the potential to support one or more recreation / tourism activities
- 25. Database design
- 27. Sensitivity
- 28. Uniqueness
- 29. Usage Intensity
- 31. Accessibility
- 33. GoA field staff workshops conducted
- 36. Results NORTH SASKATCHEWAN REGION
- 37. Scenic resource Assessment of the NSR
- 39. Map the scenic resource value of lands in the region
- 42. Scenic integrity
- 43. Online Survey
- 44. Stratified random sample of 305 Albertans obtained
- 45. Region
- 46. Age
- 47. Gender
- 49. Rugged terrain
- 50. A variety of vegetation
- 52. Landscapes rated lowwere generally flat, monotonous agricultural landscapes
- 53. Overall, no landscape received a negative visual preference rating
- 55. Scenic Resource Assessment Scenic Quality
- 56. Scenic Resource Assessment Scenic Integrity
- 57. Scenic Resource Assessment Effective scenic Quality
- 58. Scenic Resource Assessment Visual Sensitivity
- 59. Scenic Resource Assessment Visual Value
- 60. Scenic corridors
- 61. Alberta recreation & tourism opportunity spectrum
- 62. Purpose of the Alberta Recreation & Tourism Opportunity Spectrum Map and understand the supply of recreation / tourism settings Establish a provincially consistent, multi-scale and modular GIS modeling methodology Enable scenario assessments and the evaluation of land use decisions
- 63. A recreation and tourism opportunity defined
- 64. Alberta’s Recreation and Tourism Opportunity Spectrum Defining the Spectrum of Settings in Alberta RECREATION & TOURISM OPPORTUNITY SPECTRUM Adapted from US BLM, 1998, and Government BC, 1998
- 65. Rtos criteria Mapping the Setting Combination of components/criteria indicate a type of setting Mapping is a matter of identifying which combinations of components/criteria are present in an area Many possible combinations of setting criteria
- 66. Results
- 68. Application Modelling changes over time – Forestry Near Big Horn FLUZ R/TOS model can illustrate changes to setting over time Multi-decade forestry scenario Cut blocks created Cut blocks regrow Access roads
- 69. Application Modelling changes over time – Forestry Near Big Horn FLUZ Decade 5
- 70. Alberta Significant Tourism / Recreation Areas Model
- 74. Aesthetic quality of surroundings
- 75. Scarcity of the settings
- 76. Rare, unique, sensitive, elements / features
- 78. Users cope with detractors by:
- 81. Changing the detractors or effects
- 83. Choosing not to participate
- 84. Ability for visitors to cope was reflected in the model’s criteria weightings
- 85. Feature – is a must
- 86. Setting – is critical
- 87. Scenery – coping will occur
- 90. Scarcity
- 91. Sensitivity
- 92. Usage Intensity
- 93. Uniqueness
- 94. Point density
- 95. Line density
- 97. Scarcity
- 98. Sensitivity
- 99. Usage Intensity
- 100. Uniqueness
- 101. Point density
- 102. Line density
- 104. Scenic Value
- 106. Methods IDENTIFYING Significant AReas From the map of significance score, areas of high significance can be identified Two methods: Absolute: Values above a threshold are considered significant Relative: Values significantly higher than the local area score are considered significant Areas are processed to remove small islands, linear features
- 107. Alberta’s north saskatchewan region SIGNIFICANCE Score
- 108. Significant Areas
- 110. Majority of the Significant Areas are found in Boreal settings
- 111. Understand the administrative / jurisdictional responsibilities for the land
- 112. Number of SRTAs in the Green Zone
- 113. Evaluate the extent of RTSA”s that are currently protected within Parks or other conservation regime’s
- 116. Different times of the year
- 117. Different users
- 118. Different scales / study areas
- 119. Scenario analysis
- 121. Related to demands
- 123. Inform the relationship between rec / tourism and other land uses
- 124. Spatially predict influences of land use decisions on rec / tourism opportunities
- 125. At all scales and on all lands,
- 126. Significance and intensity of influence,
- 127. Location of changes.
- 129. Inform and communicate rec / tourism opportunities to the public
- 130. As an industry, it is critical to make your values known – spatially
- 131. Critical to ensure the connection between land use and tourism competitiveness is understood
- 132. Organize – big and small
Notas do Editor
- As identified by Megan Epler Wood in her Destination Management Tools for the 21 stcentrury, many jurisdictions and their budgets are dominately focused on destination and product marketing with very limited investment made into destination planning and management. Ralf Buckley, in his book Ecotourism Principles and Practices also stresses the need to ensure land use planning consider all land uses simultaneously to ensure adequate areas are set aside for tourism. This is what I, and my colleagues in Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation spent the last 2.5 years planning in North Eastern Alberta – Alberta’s Oilsands Region. Not just an issue in developing countries, this is also an issue in Alberta, Canada and I would suggest other provinces within Canada. Recreation and tourism benefit more than the individual participant or the local provider. Recreation and tourism are vital strategies in addressing many social issues that are prevalent in Alberta today. Physical and emotional well-being,Community well-being & vitality,Economic diversification,Attraction and retention of skilled workforce.Recreation and tourism have been and continue to be developed and pursued as GoA priorities. The following policies – some of which are in draft form and are proceeding for approval – establish key priorities and a policy framework for advancing tourism and recreation in Alberta. LUF Active Alberta Plan for Parks Tourism Development StrategyTo realize the benefits of recreation and tourism, and to use recreation and tourism to address many social issues in Alberta, we must recognize the fundamental elements of a recreation and tourism opportunity. Recreation and tourism are resource based industries. Their competiveness and success depend upon access to the resource. The recreation and tourism resource is considered to be those features (natural or built), scenery and settings in which the recreation and tourism opportunities are facilitated. Failure to consider the resource is a failure to consider the most basic and vital elements associated with the industries success. To date, Alberta has not completed a coordinated, integrated and provincially consistent approach to documenting the province’s recreation and tourism resources. The develop a better understanding of the supply of this important resource, TPR has moved forward in creating the “Alberta Recreation and Tourism Data System”.
- A lot of data exists in disparate locations. Need to consolidate data to enable comprehensive and consistent planning.
- Route features – water, vertical and land base routes, put ins, take outs, staging areas etcAccommodation features – resorts, cabins, buts, b&b, campgrounds, bctry campgroundsCultural Features – museums, interp centersFacility Features – golf courses, ski hills, arenas etcGeneral Tourism Features – theme parks, built landmarks, agri tourismLanform Features – erratics, hoodos, glaciers, beachesWater Features - rivers, lakes, wetlands, rapids, waterfalls, reservoirsVegetation Features – rare / unique plants, edible plants, old growth forestWildlife Features – nest locations, fishing areas, habitat areasHistoric Features – heritage buildings, historic forts etcArchaeological Features – tee pee rings, pictographs, petrolgyphs, Rec / Toruism Usage Areas – random camping, intensive OHV areas etc
- Scarcity is a relative measure of the occurrence of the feature type.Possible rating values are:. Very High – few, if any similar features occur in the province- e.g. fossil museums such as the Royal Tyrrell Museum. High – similar features exist in the province, but few occurlocally- e.g. ski hills. Medium – similar features exist in the region, but few occurlocally- e.g. golf courses. Low – Many similar features occur locally and regionallye.g. islands in the North Saskatchewan RiverSensitivity is a subjective rating of the relative vulnerability ofthe feature to alteration or destruction caused by landscapechange from disturbance, development, or over-use.Possible rating values are:. Very High – disturbance, development, or over-use wouldlikely result in a loss of the feature’s ability to attract andsupport recreation or tourism- e.g. wildfi re burns the province’s oldest white bark pinetree. High – disturbance, development, or over-use would likely result in a signifi cant degradation of the feature’s ability toattract and support recreation or tourism- e.g. Brule sand dunes. Medium – disturbance, development, or over-use wouldlikely result in some reduction of the feature’s ability toattract and support recreation or tourism- e.g. Forest operations adjacent to a popular hiking trail. Low – disturbance, development, or over-use would likelyresult in little or no degradation of the feature- e.g. Facility development adjacent to the world’s largestbaseball gloveUniqueness is a subjective rating of the distinctiveness orunusual characteristics of a feature from others of the sametype.Usage Intensity is a subjective estimate of the relative level ofrecreation / tourism use of a feature compared to other featuresof the same type.Possible rating values are:. Very High – the feature is frequented often and visitors willalmost always encounter other visitors- e.g. Marmot Basin ski hill. High – the feature is popular and it is common for visitors toencounter visitors- e.g. backcountry campsite in Kananaskis Country. Medium – few people visit or use the feature at this time andencounters with other visitors is rare- e.g. fi re lookout trails. Low – almost no one visits or uses the feature at this time andencounters with other visitors should not be expected- e.g. fl y-in access lakesPossible rating values are:. Very High – the feature is unique among features of thesame type- e.g. tallest waterfall such as Bridal Veil Falls. High – the feature is one of a few features that stand outfrom the feature type- e.g. Lesser Slave Lake (one of three lakes over 400square kilometres in Alberta). Medium – the feature is one of a large group of characteristicfeatures of the same type- e.g. backcountry campsites with feed bins for horses. Low – the feature is similar to most features of the sametypee.g. boat launchesActivity Attraction is an estimate of the current attractioncapability of a feature.Possible rating values are:. Very High – people will travel from throughout Canada orbeyond to see or experience the feature- e.g. Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump. High – people from Alberta often plan multi-day trips aroundvisiting the feature- e.g. Pigeon Lake. Medium – people will travel 2-3 hours to visit the feature- e.g. ice climbing routes on the David Thompson highway. Low – the feature is likely to attract only people within a shorttravel distancee.g. small wetland used by locals for waterfowl huntingAccessibility is a subjective rating of the nature and ease ofaccess to the feature.Possible rating values are:. Very High – the feature is accessed via a high grade majorhighway- e.g. Dunvegan Historic Site. High – the feature is accessed via an improved (includinggravel) road that can be travelled by most vehicle types- e.g. Bighorn Dam. Medium – the feature is accessed via dirt road or trail byspecialty vehicles (e.g four-wheel drive or off-highwayvehicles), animal or human power.- e.g. Kakwa Falls. Low – the feature is accessed via trail by foot, bicycle, orhorse travel or other non motorized means.e.g. Willmore backcountry campsiteSignificance is a calculated rating derived from the other ratings with the exception of Accessibility.The Significance rating is calculated numerically by converting the Low to Very High ratings to a numericscale from 1 to 4. The ratings for Scarcity, Sensitivity, Uniqueness, Usage Intensity, and Activity Attractionare then multiplied by an impact index and summed.. Scarcity – rating(1-4) * impact index of 4 = score out of 16. Sensitivity – rating(1-4) * impact index of 4 = score out of 16. Uniqueness – rating(1-4) * impact index of 4 = score out of 16. Usage Intensity – rating(1-4) * impact index of 3 = score out of 12. Activity Attraction – rating(1-4) * impact index of 3 = score out of 12The resulting sum value is then divided by the maximum value of 72 to acquire a percentage that isconverted into a rating of Low (0-25%), Medium(26-50%), High(51-75%), or Very High(76-100%). APython script has been created to facilitate calculating the Significance rating for features in the RTFI.
- Area around Camrose
- Summaries can be run at any scale desired…. This is regional The RTFI, particularly when it is combined with the other datasets (RTOS) allows planners and managers to understand, at a coarse level, the supply and geographic distribution of tourism features and therefore products. Compare with demand side information. Supports destination planning, product development, destination life cycle assessment, land use planning and bylaw / ordinance and policy development etc etc… Also able to inform and provide base support spatially explicit marketing and destination promotion through new technologies…
- Landscape Aesthetics: A Handbook for Scenery Management (1995) USDA Forest ServiceVisual Resource Assessment: A User Guide (1983) BC MOE South East Queensland Regional Plan 2005-2026: Implementation Guideline No. 8 - Identifying and protecting scenic amenity values (2007) Queensland Government, Office of Urban Management, 2007Plus academic and professional studies specifically testing the impact of:Water VisibilityMountains and Terrain RuggednessVegetation VarietyForestry cut blocksRoadsExtensive review of visual preference survey research: Over sixty sources covering research from the last four decadesExtensive field work: Over 2,000 km traveled within the North Saskatchewan Region4,621 photos captured
- Scenic QualityA measure of “the scenic importance of a landscape based on human perceptions of the intrinsic beauty of landform, water characteristics, vegetation pattern, and cultural land use” (USDA 1995).Scenic Quality measured from Landscape Character Units:Landscapes with a consistent visual experienceGenerally homogenous in landform, vegetation, land usesInherent state, though agricultural landscapes also includedGeographically uniqueCharacterized by the landscapes that can be viewed from itEach represented by a survey photo of the landscape in a natural stateScenic IntegrityIndicates the degree to which deviations from or alterations of the existing landscape character affect perception of scenic quality Scenic Integrity measured from typical or common disturbancesIncluded:Major and Minor RoadsRailroadsHigh-Voltage PowerlinesOil/Gas Wells and Storage TanksPipelinesMajor Industrial FacilitiesForestry Cut BlocksCutlinesRecreational lodging facilitiesWind farmMines
- INTERVENTION Results: Oil / Gap Well, Industrial Facility and mine experienced between a -45% to – 55% change from the pre-intervention ratings.
- Landscape visibility mapped from major and scenic travel corridors, and recreation and tourism features.“A Visually Sensitive Area (VSA) is an area that is considered to be sufficiently sensitive to visual alteration to warrant special consideration in strategic and operational planning” (BC MOF 1997).The view from places where the view is important to the viewer
- Combination of Effective Scenic Quality and Visual Sensitivity, to identify generalized areas which require scenic resource management priority.5 Effective Scenic Quality Classes crossed with 5 Visual Value Classes to created 25 Visual Value classes
- Roads, consider rating for river and trails – same data, can be used but only roads are mapped here.
- Attributes of a setting affect one’s recreation/tourism experienceBy managing both activities and settings, managers can facilitate recreation and tourism opportunities / experiencesOriginal ROS concept described by Clark and Stankey (1979)Settings can be understood as being composed of many setting conditionsEach setting condition is a spectrumSetting condition spectrums combine to describe a ROS
- Mapping precedentsASRD pilot ROS map, July 2010New Zealand Department of Conservation ROSBoth were GIS-driven analysesA GIS model converts inputs to individual map layers–spatial proxies–each representing a single setting criterionProxies developed from:Methods in BC, New Zealand,initial ASRD ROS mappingSensitivity testingExpert review & feedbackField validation not conducted
- Consider the R/TOS within a day trip from regional population centersIllustrates where the recreation setting supply is most likely the most in demandManage for variety of settings based on relative accessibility
- Full range of settings (under provincial jurisdiction)Front-country and Developed settings characterize the majority of the NSRSettings that allow for more primitive, natural experiences primarily to the west.Some opportunities to the north, north east, and south eastBeaver Hills offers diversity of settings within close proximity to Edmonton
- Demand-side approaches are resource intensive, difficult over a wider area.Many supply-based recreation / tourism resource studies have relied on scoring criteria:BC Recreation Features InventoryNZ Resource Assessment for Recreation and TourismSunshine Coast Forest DistrictCA National Landmarks Program
- Characteristics are included in STReAM to identify:Presence of clusters of recreation / tourism featuresFeatures that are scarce within the regionFeatures that present management concernsScarce, desirable settingsProvides a consistent, repeatable approach for defining key recreation / tourism areas
- Feature – is a must - more unique – higher the weight - more scarce – higher the weight - more sensitive – higher the weight - higher the usage intensity – higher the weight. Setting – is critical - the less frequent the setting occurrence, the higher the weight. Scenery – coping will occur. Based on the theory that the opportuity is driven by the feature(s) that facilitate the activity and to a lesser extent, the setting and scenery. People cant ice climb if there isnt a water fall / seep, cant swim if there isnt water etc.. Access – is important but, in many cases, can be developed / modified to be more or less of a detractor for visitors. Distance to population centers was factored in. The further away, it was assumed, all things being equal, the fewer visitors. Of course, this depends on the nature of the features / setting combinations.
- These conclusion apply to all landbases in Alberta, regardless of the land manager.