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Frontiers of Engineering Education

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EducaçãoEspiritualTecnologia
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1+ =3
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c 1+ =3
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c 1+ =3
1+ =3
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c 1+ =3
Why do we need to know this, man? f(x) = ax2 + bx + c 1+ =3
Why do we need to know this, man? Details
Big Picture Why do we need to know this, man? Details
Big Picture Details
Big Picture Details
Big Picture Details
Big Picture Details
Big Picture Cool! Details
Communities of Practice
culture
culture
culture
culture
culture
culture
Epistemic Frame
Games are cultures
R eflection-in-action
T thinking that reshapes what we are doing while we are doing it
thinking that reshapes what we are doing while we are doing it K ways of knowing
D ways of doing thinking that reshapes what we are doing while we are doing it ways of knowing
ways of doing P practicum ways of knowing
A action practicum R reflectionon-action
action practicum reflectionon-action
action practicum reflectionon-action
practicum R eflection-in-action
practicum
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Women like teamwork!
d = + 0.28
d = + 0.28
d = + 0.91
d = + 0.91
We value what we can measure —Don Norman
We^value what we can measure
Skills Knowledge Identity Values Epistemology
Skills Knowledge Identity Values Epistemology
Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA)
B A
B A
B C A D
E B C F D A ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
E B A C D F
B C D A F E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
B F D C A E
A B
C A B ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F A B ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D A B ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F D Epistemology of Design B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C Skill of Data Analysis D Epistemology of Design B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C Skill of Data Analysis D Valuing the Client Epistemology of Design E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
Identity as Engineer Skill of Data Analysis Knowledge of Materials Valuing the Client Epistemology of Design Skill of Compromising ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
Identity as Engineer Skill of Data Analysis Knowledge of Materials Valuing the Client Epistemology of Design Skill of Compromising ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
Identity as Engineer Skill of Data Analysis Knowledge of Materials Valuing the Client Epistemology of Design Skill of Compromising ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
Identity as Engineer Experienced Engineers Skill of Data Analysis Knowledge of Materials Valuing the Client Epistemology of Design Skill of Compromising ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
Identity as Engineer Experienced Engineers Skill of Data Analysis First-year Students Knowledge of Materials Valuing the Client Epistemology of Design Skill of Compromising ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
Chat Discourse
Utterance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E6 V4 S5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I2 K1K2K3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Epistemology of Design 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E6 V4 S5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I2 K1K2K3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Value of Client 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E6 V4 S5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I2 K1K2K3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Skill of Data Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E6 V4 S5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I2 K1K2K3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza B F D A E C Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
Stanza E6 V4 S5 Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 K1 I2 K3
Stanza E6 V4 S5 Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 K1 I2 K3
E6 V4 S5 K1 I2 K3
E6 V4 S5 K1 I2 K3
d = + 0.28
Collaboration
Collaboration Design
Collaboration Data Design
Collaboration Data Design
Design Data Collaboration
Design Data Collaboration
Design Data Collaboration
Design Data Collaboration
Civics? Design Data Collaboration
G T ames to each
G C ames are ultures
G C ames can create ultures of thinking
epistemicgames.org
epistemicgames.org @epistemicgames Epistemic Games
Chat Discourse
Utterance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E6 V4 S5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I2 K1K2K3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Epistemology of Design 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E6 V4 S5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I2 K1K2K3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Value of Client 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E6 V4 S5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I2 K1K2K3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Skill of Data Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E6 V4 S5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I2 K1K2K3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Semantic Coding AI Complete Problem
Structural Functional Linguistic Codes Skills Knowledge Identity Values Epistemology
Structural Functional Linguistic Codes Domain codes Skills Knowledge Identity Values Epistemology
Domain codes Structural Functional Linguistic Codes
Domain codes Structural Functional Linguistic Codes Conjunctive Coding
Domain codes Structural Functional Linguistic Codes
Structural Functional Linguistic Codes Domain codes Value of Surfactants
Structural Functional Linguistic Codes Domain codes Value of Surfactants
Domain codes Structural Functional Linguistic Codes Engineering Identity
Domain codes Structural Functional Linguistic Codes Engineering Identity
Human Agreement with AutoCoder E and AC E/Data E/Design E/Clients E/Consultants V/Clients V/Consultants S/Data S/Design S/Professionalism S/Collaboration I/Engineer I/Intern K/Nanotech K/Surfactants K/Attributes K/Data K/Design K/Clients K/Materials K/Processes N1 and N2 E1 and E2 0.521463 0.64044 0.746846 0.764168 0.538768 0.493692 0.76369 0.801079 0.645465 0.694157 0.479239 0.921389 1 0.95827 0.981197 0.63988 0.728741 1 0.637786 0.364711 0.321308 0.479389 0.796759 0.566491 0.663687 0.663311 0.615417 0.466942 0.456452 0.666465 0.824869 0.816862 0.796759 0.965993 0.900837 0.784384 0.771417 0.945658 0.916048 0.811285 0.697609 0.54518 0.746846 0.853813 0.663311 0.663311 0.940922 0.728728 0.72107 0.888954 0.560584 0.853813 1 0.919605 0.990646 0.869369 0.774949 1 0.984033 0.95827
Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Stanza Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Codes by Utterance E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Adjacency Matrix for the Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1 K2 K3 E6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 V4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 I2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 K2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Adjacency Matrix for the Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1 K2 K3 E6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 V4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 I2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 K2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Adjacency Matrix for the Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1 K2 K3 E6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 V4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 I2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 K2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Adjacency Matrix for the Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1 K2 K3 E6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 V4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 I2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 K2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Adjacency Matrix for the Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1 K2 K3 E6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 V4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 I2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 K2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Codes by Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1K2K3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Adjacency Matrix for the Stanza E6 V4 S5 I2 K1 K2 K3 E6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 V4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 I2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 K2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
C F Cumulative Adjacency Matrix D A B E
C F Cumulative Adjacency Matrix D A B E
C F Cumulative Adjacency Matrix D A B E
C F Cumulative Adjacency Matrix D A B E
C F Cumulative Adjacency Matrix D A B E
Cumulative Adjacency Matrix
C F D A B E ©2005, 2008 David Williamson Shaffer
Frontiers of Engineering Education
Frontiers of Engineering Education
Frontiers of Engineering Education
Frontiers of Engineering Education
Frontiers of Engineering Education

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Frontiers of Engineering Education

Notas do Editor

  1. As we saw earlier, in Nephrotex, students communicate with their team members and their design advisor through an internal chat program.
  2. We segment the chat data by utterance, everytime a person types something and hits send. And we code each utterance for epistemic engineering frame elements.
  3. Every utterance was represented as a row in a matrix and each column is a code. The coding scheme was based on professional elements in the engineering epistemic frame using previous ethnographic studies and ABET criteria. For example,
  4. This first code represents epistemology of design– every time a student is justifying a design decision.
  5. This code represents valuing the client’s needs
  6. And this code represents the skill of data analysis. There were actually 21 codes in this analysis but for the sake of explaining the ENA method I have selected a few as examples.
  7. This utterance is coded for E6 and K1
  8. This utterance is coded for K1 and K2
  9. And this utterance is coded for E6, S5, and K1
  10. Now we can segment the data further and decide that this set of utterances is a stanza. We make the argument that everything that occurs with in this collection of utterances is linked. The discourse is all about one topic. And then, we collapse over these stanzas and do a binary sum.
  11. Now we can segment the data further and decide that this set of utterances is a stanza. We make the argument that everything that occurs with in this collection of utterances is linked. The discourse is all about one topic. And then, we collapse over these stanzas and do a binary sum.
  12. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  13. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  14. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  15. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  16. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  17. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  18. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  19. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  20. As we saw earlier, in Nephrotex, students communicate with their team members and their design advisor through an internal chat program.
  21. We segment the chat data by utterance, everytime a person types something and hits send. And we code each utterance for epistemic engineering frame elements.
  22. Every utterance was represented as a row in a matrix and each column is a code. The coding scheme was based on professional elements in the engineering epistemic frame using previous ethnographic studies and ABET criteria. For example,
  23. This first code represents epistemology of design– every time a student is justifying a design decision.
  24. This code represents valuing the client’s needs
  25. And this code represents the skill of data analysis. There were actually 21 codes in this analysis but for the sake of explaining the ENA method I have selected a few as examples.
  26. So, let’s take a closer look at the data.
  27. This utterance is coded for E6 and K1
  28. This utterance is coded for K1 and K2
  29. And this utterance is coded for E6, S5, and K1
  30. Now we can segment the data further and decide that this set of utterances is a stanza. We make the argument that everything that occurs with in this collection of utterances is linked. The discourse is all about one topic. And then, we collapse over these stanzas and do a binary sum.
  31. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  32. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  33. So, if it occurs within the stanza, then it gets a 1 and if not then a 0.
  34. Let’s take this stanza as a example for the next step of the analysis. It was coded for three codes. We want to measure how players are making connections with elements and so we look at when the codes are occurring together.
  35. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  36. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  37. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  38. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  39. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  40. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  41. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  42. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  43. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  44. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  45. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  46. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  47. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  48. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  49. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza
  50. The completed adjacency matrix for that stanza