The document discusses a student project on wind turbines. It includes the names of 5 team members and provides information on how wind turbines work to convert kinetic energy from wind into electrical energy. It discusses that wind turbines have blades that spin a shaft connected to a generator to produce electricity. It also summarizes the two main types of wind turbines, horizontal axis and vertical axis, and describes some of their advantages and disadvantages.

1. MECHANICS PROJECT
WIND TURBINE

2. TEAM MEMBERS
K.HARI VENKATA KRISHNA (14003117)
K.R.G.S PAVAN(14003157)
U.DUSHYANTH KUMAR REDDY (14003189)
D.D.S SAINATH(14003611)
K.RAJA SEKHAR REDDY(14003774)

3. Wind Turbines
 “rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of
a moving fluid is converted into mechanical
energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate”
 opposite of a fan
 turbine blades spin from the wind and
make energy, instead of using energy to
make wind
 Wind rotates the turbine blades
spins a shaft connected to a generator
The spinning of the shaft in the
generator makes electricity

4. Construction:
Wind rotates the turbine blades
spins a shaft connected to a generator
The spinning of the shaft in the generator
makes electricity
 Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a
tower to capture the most wind energy
 wind speed varies by height.
 wind current 100m above the ground dropped in
speed by 10% when its height declined to 50m
 property is known as wind sheer
wind speed increases in speed with height,
due to friction at the Earth’s surface
 The Hub heights of modern wind turbines, which
produce 600 to 1,500 kW of electricity, are usually
40 to 80 meters above ground

5. Schematic Diagram

6. Turbines: Two Types
 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
 Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

7. Two Types
 Vertical Axis
Advantages :-
 Can place generator on
ground
 Disadvantages :-
 Lower wind speeds at
ground level
 Less efficiency
 Requires a “push”
 Horizontal Axis
Advantages :-
 Higher wind speeds
 Great efficiency
 Disadvantages :-
 Angle of turbine is
relevant
 Difficult access to
generator for repairs

8. Working:
KE to Electrical Energy

9. Energy: Kinetic to Electric
 Wind has kinetic energy: Energy of motion
 KE = ½ M * U2
 The Mass (M) of Air,
 volume (V) multiplied by its density (D)
 M = VD
 density of air = 1.2929 kilograms/m
 The mass of air flowing per second (M)
 traveling through a hoop is the area of the hoop (A)
 multiplied by speed of the wind per second (u)
 multiplied the density of air (D)
 M = AuD
 area of the hoop (A) is radius (r) squared
 A = П r2

10. Catching the Wind!
 Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like
blades
 Usually, two or three blades are mounted on a shaft to form
a rotor
 The wind turbine blade acts an airplane wing
 When the wind blows a pocket of low-pressure air forms on
the downwind side of the blade
 Air pressure = force exerted on an object by the weight of
particles in air
 measured in:
 Inches of Mercury (“Hg),A
 Amospheres (Atm)
 Millibars (mb)
 1013.25 mb = 29.92 “Hg = 1.0 atm.[2] At standard or normal
atmospheric pressure, and at 15° C, air usually weighs about 1.225
kilograms per cubic meter
[

11. Bernoulli’s Principle
 Bernoulli’s Principle
 EnergyKinetic
+ Energypressure
= EnergyPressure
+ EnergyKinetic
 Example:
 If Energy Kinetic1
= (5), and Energy Pressure1
= (11)
 and Energy Pressure2
drops to (1)
 then Kinetic Energy2
Increases to (15)

12. Efficiency
 large number of wind turbines are
usually built close together to form
what is referred to as a wind plant
 The world’s largest wind plant located
off the coast of Oregon has 450 wind
turbines
generates 300 MWh of energy
meets the needs of 70,000 homes
 This practice utilizes an area suited
for wind energy by deploying multiple
units

13. Limitations
 limit to the amount of energy that can be harnessed by an
individual wind turbine
 The more kinetic energy that a wind turbine pulls out of the
wind, the more the wind will be slowed down as it leaves
 If a designer tried to extract all the energy from the wind
 air would move away with the speed zero
 air prevented from entering the rotor of the turbine
 If the designer did the exact opposite and allowed the wind
to pass through the wind turbine without being hindered at
all, again,
 energy will not be cultivated,
since the rotor blades would not be spun, the
shaft wouldn’t spin
kinetic energy would not be converted into electricity

14. Site Limitations
 The direction that wind travels in
 angel of the turbine’s rotors are
important limitations and
considerations
 Wind at a site is being slowed down
by each turbine
limit to the amount of individual
units a site can support

15. The End