How To Change Things When Change Is Hard
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How To Change Things When Change Is Hard
- 2. Image by Laurie Williams
- 3. Things do not change; we change. Henry Thoreau
- 4. ‘Witty and instructive’ Wall Street Journal ‘A fantastic book’ Wired. ‘A must read’ Forbes. ‘Any leader looking to create change in his organization need not look beyond this little book’ Business Week. Flipkart, Amazon
- 5. Popcorn experiment Image: Iconshock
- 6. Group I Group II
- 7. Group I Group II Group I consumed 153 % extra popcorn than Group II
- 8. Group I Group II 153 % more consumption People Problem
- 9. Group I Group II 153 % more consumption People Problem
- 10. Group I Group II Situation Problem
- 11. What is usually viewed as People Problem, is in fact, a
- 13. Lesson No. 1 What is usually viewed as People Problem, is in fact, a Situation Problem
- 16. Image Clocky Ad
- 18. Changing environment works, but works only Temporarily
- 19. For a lasting effect One needs to Change Heart and Mind
- 20. Image: Bsk77
- 22. Rider Analytic Rational Planning Elephant Strong Passionate Impulsive
- 23. Image: wikimedia
- 25. Planning Direction Energy Strength
- 26. Planning Direction Over analysis Indecisiveness Energy Strength
- 27. Planning Direction Over analysis Indecisiveness Instinctive Emotional Instant- gratification Energy Strength
- 28. Planning Perseverance Direction Over analysis Indecisiveness Instinctive Emotional Instant- gratification Energy Strength
- 29. Indecisiveness Rider Reluctant elephant
- 30. Indecisiveness Rider in g o th e N ie v c h A Reluctant elephant
- 31. Carrot or Cookie Experiment Carrot Group Cookie Group Image: Ashley
- 32. Carrot or Cookie Experiment Carrot Group Cookie Group Image: Ashley Puzzle image: Patafisik
- 33. Carrot or Cookie Experiment Carrot Group Cookie Group Played puzzle for 8 Played puzzle for 19 minutes an average minutes an average Attempted 19 solutions Attempted 34 solutions Image: Ashley
- 34. Carrot or Cookie Experiment Carrot Group Cookie Group Played puzzle for 8 Played puzzle for 19 minutes an average minutes an average Attempted 19 solutions Attempted 34 solutions Exhausted! Image: Ashley
- 36. Lesson 2 What is usually viewed as laziness problem is often a Exhaustion problem.
- 37. Eat healthy Case study • Two health researchers from West Virginia • Persuade people to ‘eat healthy’ • Number of ways to eat healthy
- 38. Eat healthy Case study Image: H. Zell
- 39. Eat healthy Case study 1% milk campaign for 2 weeks.
- 40. Eat healthy Case study 1% milk 1% milk usage campaign 18% 41%. for 2 weeks.
- 41. Lesson No. 3 What looks like resistance is often lack of clarity Image:Flickr, quinn.anya
- 42. Confused Rider makes elephant go in circles.
- 44. Direct the Rider Motivate the Elephant
- 45. Three Surprises & Lessons • Resistance - Lack of clarity • Laziness - Exhaustion • People Problem - Situation
- 46. Three Surprises & Lessons • Resistance - Lack of clarity –Direct the Rider • Laziness - Exhaustion –Motivate the Elephant • People Problem - Situation –Shape the Path
- 47. Direct the Rider
- 48. Case Study •Save the Children, a US organization •Vietnam •Malnutrition among children Jerry Sternin
- 49. Tackling Malnutrition • Elevate Poverty • Improve sanitation • Provide clean water • Improve literacy
- 50. Tackling Malnutrition • Elevate Poverty • Improve sanitation • Provide clean water • Improve literacy True but Useless
- 51. Solution •Looked for the bright spots •Facilitated adopting the behavior Jerry Sternin
- 52. Focus on the Bright Spots What is working? How can we upscale it? • Direction to the Rider • Motivation & Hope for the Elephant
- 53. Image: Laguna Design Amplify the Positive Deviance
- 54. Hip arthritis Case study Hip arthritis patients slotted for Hip Surgery 1 NSAID yet 2 NSAIDs yet not tried not tried
- 55. Hip arthritis Case study Hip arthritis patients slotted for Hip Surgery 1 NSAID yet 2 NSAIDs yet not tried not tried 43% doctors 28% doctors gave a trial of gave a trial of the drug either of drug
- 56. Free to taste Jam at a mall 10 X more tasters when there were 6 variety of jams to taste
- 57. Decision Paralysis Image:Flickr Sarah Ross
- 58. Script the Critical Moves • Don’t give a Big Picture • Ambiguity is enemy of Change • Don’t assume it to be Obvious
- 59. Script the Critical Moves • Don’t give a Big Picture – Give precise Goals • Ambiguity is enemy of Change – Make plans crystal clear • Don’t assume it to be Obvious – SMART goals is the cure
- 61. Re-Mission Case study Children treated for cancer Post chemotherapy compliance is crucial for remission. Skipping 20% medication, ups relapse by 200%. Pam Omidyar had conviction that a game, which makes children feel in control, will increase the compliance.
- 62. Increased compliance by 20%, that is doubling chances of survival.
- 63. Change Process Analyze Think Change
- 64. Change Process Analyze Think Change Assumption
- 65. Change Process Analyze Think Change Assumption See Feel Change
- 66. Change Process Analyze Think Change Assumption See Feel Change Reality
- 67. Find the Feeling Image: wikimedia
- 68. Free wash Case study Image: Michiel 1972
- 69. Free wash for collecting 8 stamps
- 70. Free wash Case study Free Car wash scheme 8 Stamps 2 Head start Stamps + 8 Stamps
- 71. Free wash Case study Free Car wash scheme 8 Stamps 19 % 2 Head start Stamps 37 % + 8 Stamps
- 72. To keep elephant moving Shrink the Change Image: DanDee Shots
- 73. Easily demoralized Needs reassurance Encouragement Image: wikimedia
- 75. St Lucia Parrot Exists only in Caribbean island of St Lucia In 1977, only 100 were left Estimates indicated species will to be extinct by 2000
- 76. Paul Butler, a 21 year fresh graduate, into the scene as Conservation advisor. Instead of conventional action- plan, he focused on means to make people rally for the parrot and to get public support
- 77. St. Lucia Parrot puppet shows 2.Distributed T-shirts 3.Car stickers 4.Broadcasted songs
- 78. People embraced St. Lucia Parrot Parrot became their National identity Species came back from the brink Poaching stopped completely Now about 700-800 birds live
- 79. Image: Pete’s DVD Galleries Grow your People
- 80. Medication errors Case study • Kaiser South San Francisco Hospital • Nurses administer 800 medications a day • Impressive accuracy, only 1/1000 errors
- 81. Distraction Image: RishiB @ Flickr
- 82. A Simple Solution • Wear ‘Medication Vests’, a bright colored vest, while administering medication. • In six months, 46% drop in medication errors.
- 83. Tweak the environment Image: Vmenkov
- 84. Tweak the environment Shape the Path
- 85. ICU Case study Image: Cosmed
- 86. Simple solution • Dr Peter Pronovost compiled a 5-point checklist. • Put into practice, over a period of 18 months, it saved hospital and patient an estimated $175 million • Saved 1500 lives
- 87. Simple solution • Dr Peter Pronovost compiled a 5-point checklist. • Put into practice, over a period of 18 months, it saved hospital and patient an estimated $175 million • Saved 1500 lives A Humble Check-list
- 88. Build Habits Image: GoalKards
- 89. Think of the last time you were in a situation where you were not totally sure how to behave.
- 90. Rally the Herd Image: Cede Prudente
- 92. Thank You Hope you enjoyed this presentation. You can get transcript of this presentation from surinderkumar.com.
Notas do Editor
- Heraclites said, ‘You can’t step into the same river twice’. Change is law of nature.
- But Change is hard. It needs patience, perseverance, and above all, a blue-print.
- Most important point to realize is – things do not change; we change, Henry Thoreau
- Movie goers in Chicago. Two groups at random. Both groups were given free popcorn buckets with soft drink. Popcorns were stale, difficult to chew. Quantity in buckets were too much to be finished. Conclusions are: 1. People ate not only for pleasure, they ate because of availability – popcorns were stale. 2. If something is available freely, people will use it.
- Conclusions are: 1. People ate not only for pleasure, they ate because of availability – popcorns were stale. 2. If something is available freely, people will use it.
- Surprisingly, group I has consumed 153% more popcorns than group II.
- What is general impression – there are gluttons in group I! People problem.
- People in group I was given bigger buckets.
- Situation Problem
- People do strange, mostly stupid, things when trapped in a bad situation.
- People, caught up in bad situations, do stupid things – cheat, focus on short-term solutions.
- Clocky alarm clock by Gauri Nanda.
- The moment is goes off, Clocky start moving around in the room. So that one needs to chase it to catch and shut it off.
- Changing situations helps, but only temporarily. Making manager shadow representative; supervising your child’s homework, everyday; do bring required results,
- Changing situations helps, but only temporarily. Making manager shadow representative; supervising your child’s homework, everyday; do bring required results, But, it works only temporarily. Being very energy-intensive , it exhausts the supervisor.
- Therefore, to bring a lasting effect, one needs to change both, heart and mind.
- To bring in a change, to reach a destination, both rider and the elephant need to work in harmony. Rider is mind, elephant is heart. Bringing a change is like rider guiding an elephant. Can also be called conscious and subconscious, mind and heart
- Rider is reflective, analytic, rational and planning. Rider is ego of Freud, intellect in Bhaghwad geeta
- Elephant is emotional, instinctive and impulsive. Elephant is id of Freud, Horses of Geeta.
- In case of conflict…..Rider has his say, temporarily, but in the long run elephant wins. A 70 kg rider is no match for a 7000 kg elephant. Elephant is very powerful. Smoking, new year resolutions, over eating. Numerous failed attempts like these is an example that it is elephant which has his way – knowledge, till sinks in, is useless.
- Riders role is to provide planning, direction and perseverance to the elephant. Only he can to sacrifice short-term benefits for long-term gains.
- Elephant has energy, strength and passion. It the strength of elephant that brings change.
- Rider has his weaknesses – over-analysis, over thinking and indecisiveness.
- Elephant’s weakness is emotional, instinctive, instant gratification, falls for quick payoffs, lazy.
- Most Change-efforts fail because rider is not able to keep elephant on the road long-enough
- Most Change-efforts fail because rider is not able to keep elephant on the road long-enough
- Most Change-efforts fail because rider is not able to keep elephant on the road long-enough
- College students. Two groups. Left alone in room. Carrot group stick to carrot group, and cookie to cookie group. None cheated. Will power at work.
- Once the experiment was over, another set of experimenters entered asked them to solve geometrical puzzles, grouping remained the same.
- College students. Two groups. Left alone in room. Carrot group stick to carrot group, and cookie to cookie group. None cheated. Will power at work. Is group a Lazy?
- No they are exhausted of self control. People are at nadir to take initiatives, make right decisions, etc. after exhausting shopping, watching a sad movie, etc.
- Two health researchers, Steve Booth-Butterfield and Bill Reger, professors at West Virginia university brain stormed on how to make people stick to healthy diet. They knew that people will change only if behavior expected of them is crystal clear. if the choices are many, rider will spin his wheels, analyzing and agonizing, never moving forward.
- If people stick to 1% milk, saturated fat intake will fall to normal.
- 1% milk campaign for 2 weeks. 1 glass of whole milk equals 5 strips of bacon in saturated fat contents.
- and even 6 months, it remained 35%
- Confused rider due to his failure to provide clarity (he makes elephant go in circles), and unmotivated elephant (due to exhaustion, situation) doom all change efforts.
- Confused rider due to his failure to provide clarity (he makes elephant go in circles), and unmotivated elephant (due to exhaustion, situation) doom all change efforts.
- Confused rider due to his failure to provide clarity (he makes elephant go in circles), and unmotivated elephant (due to exhaustion, situation) doom all change efforts.
- What looks like resistance is often a lack of clarity. Force exhausts, what is usually viewed as laziness problem is often a Exhaustion problem. What is usually viewed as People Problem, is in fact a Situation Problem
- What looks like resistance is often a lack of clarity. Force exhausts, what is usually viewed as laziness problem is often a Exhaustion problem. What is usually viewed as People Problem, is in fact a Situation Problem
- In 1990, Jerry Sternin, a staff at Save the Children, a US non-gov organization, is sent to Vietnam to suggest solution to solve problem of malnutrition amongst children. Vietnam, poor due to recently lifted US sanction was hostile to his coming. He was perhaps 12 american in Hnoi. He was given 6 months time. Minimal staff, meagre salaries and hostile gov.
- Tackling malnutrition is very simple .. But all this is True but Useless knowledge. This will never happen.
- Tackling malnutrition is very simple .. But all this is True but Useless knowledge. This will never happen.
- He finds healthy children’s parents make them eat tiny shrimps and crabs and sweet potato greens – which were considered ‘low class’ and not fit for children, though adults take these regularly. After knowledge what ? Simply passing the knowledge will not work. People are anyway reluctant to adopt. Knowledge does not serve well. Crazy shrinks, obese/smoking doctors, divorced marriage counselors and sinful priests. He organized groups, who practice cooking and feeding children, the needed crabs, shrimps and sweet-potato greens, as group activity. Over 2 weeks nutrition sessions, 40% (of 300) kids became normally -nourished status, another 205 migrated from severely- to mod-malnourished. His visa was extended for another six months, and he end up spending 6 more years in Vietnam.
- Many times there is a big diff between the scale of the problem and scale of the solution. When rider analyze a problem he seeks a solution to complement the scale. Rider is problem focused rather than solution focused. Don’t teach new knowledge, encourage new behavior. Let the deviant spread the word.
- In 2001. Post chemotherapy compliance is crucial for remission. Skipping 20% medication, ups relapse by 200%. Pam Omidyar had conviction that a game, which makes children feel in control, will increase the compliance. Post chemotherapy compliance: report for fever, take medications, low dose chemotherapy and antibiotics, for two years.
- She founded Hopelabs, and developed Re-mission. Main character is Roxxi, a nano-robot, who zaps the tumor cells. In between another character Smitty shows up and give clues. Study was published in Pediatrics, 2008. Game had 20 levels. Even the children who played only two levels had significantly benefit.
- To motivate the elephant, find the feeling. Give feeling that change can be done. It is with in their reach.
- Partly finished journey appears easier than a journey that is yet to start. Make them feel as they are already closer. Shrink milestones, one milestone at a time. one step at a time. encouragement at each step. Small rewards. And elephant keep on moving
- Conventional Advice- Increase punishment for capturing or killing the parrot. Establish a ‘Parrot sanctuary’. Raise more money for conservatory efforts
- 1988, Gov gave Butler full citizenship and later St Lucia Medal of Merit, one of the country’s highest honor.
- Every human being want to grow. He wants to be part of a big cause. People join political parties, sects, religion, and for that sake, companies too, for their deep desire to be part of a big-show. Leader has to give them a cause-they are ready to jump. Elephant has to believe that he is capable. He needs training.
- Richards, director of clinical services investigated. Errors were due to distraction & multitasking. Noisy hospital wards. Nurses, doctors, ward boys, patients talking. Since administering medication was considered to be a easy job, nurse who were administering medication were usually the first ones to be interfered and called in case of any help by others, usually by doctors whom they could not refuse.
- To make the journey easier.
- To make the journey easier.
- In ICU all patients have iv line. If line gets infected, it follows serious complications, and, many times, takes life.
- How did you behave? You behaved exactly how other were behaving! Create a good work-environment. Create a motivated team.