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Designing and Developing Online Course Assessments  Day 1:  Online Strategies for Assessment Design Dr. Veronica Diaz, Maricopa Community Colleges Dr. Patricia McGee, The University of Texas at San Antonio
Day 1 Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are the foundations of online course assessment?
POLL: Which best describes your experience with assessments?  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Purposes of Assessment
Principles of Sound Assessment
Focus on …. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Assessment Principles for Effective Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Allen, M. J., October 2007
Online Assessment  Principles
Align objectives – activities – assignments – assessments Objective Activity Assignment Criteria Given everyday objects, the learner will identify three out of four objects with masses relatively equivalent to 1 cubic foot of water. (1) View  Water flow and force. (2) Complete water displacement simulation ,[object Object],[object Object],(1) Complete 5 out of 6 challenge problems correctly and turned in on time
Provide multiple and alternative modes of assessments
Integrate strategies to prevent cheating ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Provide accurate and  timely feedback for performance assessments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evaluate your assessment practices regularly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Online mid-semester and/or end-of-semester course evaluations ,[object Object],[object Object]
What other assessment principles have you applied? ,[object Object]
Classroom vs. Online Assessment
Face-to-Face vs. Online ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Differences? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Progressive Assessment
Transfer of learning Objectives? Outcomes? Monitor and Adjust What Students Know transfer of learning What students can do Facts Procedures Principles Strategies Critical thinking Problem finding/solving Creative thinking Typically measured by objective assessments Typically measured by performance assessments Homework, quizzes, tests, exams Projects, cases, problems, designs, experiments
Progressive Assessment: Instructor POV (from Gardner, 2006, p. 105 adapted from Harlen, 2000)
Progressive Assessment: Series of Events (from Gardner, 2006, p. 105 adapted from Harlen, 2000)
Online Progressive Assessment
Online Progressive Assessment
Formative Assessment  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Formative: What to keep in mind  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ideas for formatively assessing learning… ,[object Object]
Summative Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summative: What to keep in mind ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example: benchmarks
Example: benchmarks
Example: Periodic Assessments
 
 
WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING ASSESSMENT?
Where do you start when you are developing an assessment? ,[object Object]
What portion of your assessments do you design yourself? ,[object Object]
POLL: Select the 2 most common assessments you’ve used ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Determining what needs to be assessed
Assessment Development  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Role of Objectives  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Objective ABCDs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Objectives Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alignment of course activities & outcomes
Assessment and  Learning
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What needs to be assessed? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Performance vs  Objective Assessments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learning  can be assessed…
Do your… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assessment Alignment  ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Design vs Selection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bo sure to… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Q and A ,[object Object]
WHAT SHOULD GO INTO AN ASSESSMENT TOOLKIT?
P. McGee
Determining an appropriate strategy For learning outcomes
Learners should know…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tools  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Technology and the Cycle
Direct Assessments  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indirect Assessments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assessment Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Suggestions for Better Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bloom’s Taxonomy  Focus on learner Focus on measure of learning
Bloom’s & Web 2.0 Processes Tools Attributes Remember Recognizing, recalling Visual/Text/Audio stimuli, selecting, feedback Understand Interpreting, classifying, comparing, summarizing, explaining Sorting, tagging, labeling, entering, selecting Apply Executing, implementing Manipulating, entering, feedback Analyze Differentiating, organizing, attributing Selecting, grouping, altering, tagging, labeling Evaluate Checking, critiquing Commenting, entering, responding Create Generating, planning, producing Adding, generating, combining, publishing
Selecting assessment criteria
Assessment criteria should be… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
For example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outcome + Criteria = Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selecting appropriate tools
Course Management Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CMS to Web 2.0 and Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Web 2.0 Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Web 2.0 Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FERPA and Web 2.0 (handout) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Q&A
Take-Aways ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you! [email_address] [email_address]

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Online Course Assessment Part 1

Notas do Editor

  1. Veronica – Welcome and Agenda
  2. Patricia
  3. Patricia – Assessment is aligned with evaluation process but serve different purposes. While assessment measures the achievement and progress of the individual, evaluation indicates the successful implementation of a course of instruction and how learning is transferred to other contexts.
  4. Patricia – Assessments are conducted for a variety of purposes. In an online environment these are particularly crucial since evidence may not be readily available or evident to the course instructor.
  5. Patricia
  6. Patricia - Valid: directly reflects the learning outcome being assessed Reliable: inter-rater reliability when subjective judgments are made Actionable: results help faculty identify what students are learning well and what requires more attention Efficient and cost-effective in time and money Engaging to respondents, so they’ll demonstrate the extent of their learning Interesting to stakeholders, care about results and are willing to act on them Triangulation: multiple lines of evidence point to the same conclusion
  7. Patricia Match learning objectives with assessments Take precautions to limit the possibility of cheating Communicate assessment tasks clearly Use formative assessment to promote deeper learning; consider alternative forms of assessment such as portfolios Use self-assessments to improve learning and self-awareness Have students conduct peer-assessments (may be particularly effective when used in conjunction with group work) Multiple sources including http://www.sjc.cc.nm.us/pages/2852.asp
  8. Patricia Match learning objectives with assessments Take precautions to limit the possibility of cheating Communicate assessment tasks clearly Use formative assessment to promote deeper learning; consider alternative forms of assessment such as portfolios Use self-assessments to improve learning and self-awareness Have students conduct peer-assessments (may be particularly effective when used in conjunction with group work) Multiple sources including http://www.sjc.cc.nm.us/pages/2852.asp
  9. Patricia
  10. Patricia Performance feedback is challenging in an online environment because performance must be re-defined. Whether performance involved actions and productions that can be easily relayed online, feedback is key to the learner understanding “how they did.” Depending upon the type of course and the numbers of students there are a variety of strategies to provide feedback.
  11. Patricia
  12. Patricia Evaluations can inform you if the assessment are helping students understand what they are accomplishing. They can also identify other barriers or ‘invisible’ problems.
  13. Patricia
  14. Patricia
  15. Patricia -When considering differences between face-to-face and online contexts for learning, several factors are in critical when designing, developing, and implementing online assessments. In a campus classroom the instructor is typically delivering instruction to a group of students, while similar in an online classroom, the students are separated and are realistically in a classroom on one. Students can ‘feel’ that instruction is one-on-one and the instructor is much more in tune with what they are experiencing. Students can rely on the instructor to keep track of everything they do, while in a classroom the instructor is more group focused. In a classroom assessments are scheduled whereas in an online classroom, assessments may be needed if there are disparate responses, lack of achievement, etc. In a classroom the instructor knows and seeks out ways of assessing student understanding in real time through multiple modalities and strategies. In a.n online class there is much ambiguity about understanding. In a classroom courses are typically designed around teaching methods: lecture, presentation, research, etc. In an online course, content is typically chunked into segments where the focus is more strategy-based: discussions, chats, group work, etc.
  16. When considering differences between face-to-face and online contexts for learning, several factors are in critical when designing, developing, and implementing online assessments. In a campus classroom the instructor is typically delivering instruction to a group of students, while similar in an online classroom, the students are separated and are realistically in a classroom on one. Students can ‘feel’ that instruction is one-on-one and the instructor is much more in tune with what they are experiencing. Students can rely on the instructor to keep track of everything they do, while in a classroom the instructor is more group focused. In a classroom assessments are scheduled whereas in an online classroom, assessments may be needed if there are disparate responses, lack of achievement, etc. In a classroom the instructor knows and seeks out ways of assessing student understanding in real time through multiple modalities and strategies. In a.n online class there is much ambiguity about understanding. In a classroom courses are typically designed around teaching methods: lecture, presentation, research, etc. In an online course, content is typically chunked into segments where the focus is more strategy-based: discussions, chats, group work, etc.
  17. Patricia
  18. Patricia
  19. Patricia - In thinking about assessment we need to start by thinking about what we expect students to know. Undergraduate students particularly are focused on the acquisition of foundational knowledge that are typically measured by objective assessments which work fairly well in an online environment. If a course is designed to have the learner transfer what they have learned into application, then performance measures and assessments must be designed to allow them authentic ways to perform. In a traditional classroom, I would argue, performance assessments are easier to implement because you have control over the environment and variables, and you can see the processes students use. In an online course, these processes are often invisible and if students are novices to higher education or distance learning, then their lack of sophistication and expertise may present challenges.
  20. Patricia – progressive assessment is important in online contexts because the student may not always be aware of where they stand in accomplishing course objectives. In a ftf classroom, teachers typically view progressive assessment as a series of learning events, collection and interpretation of evidence judged against pre-determined criteria, culminating in a report. References   Caldwell, B. & Carter, E. M. A. (1993). The return of the mentor: Strategies for workplace learning . Routledge   Gardner, J. (2006). Assessment and learning. SAGE.
  21. Patricia- Progressive assessment can also be viewed as a series of events. Here we may start with goals from which student either provide or generate evidence before or during a class. Then students and instructor determine criteria are used to judge achievement. The outcome of this judgment results in next steps for learning References   Caldwell, B. & Carter, E. M. A. (1993). The return of the mentor: Strategies for workplace learning . Routledge   Gardner, J. (2006). Assessment and learning. SAGE. .
  22. Patricia – in an online environment, progressive assessment in learner-centered; learners keep track, participant in, discuss, and communicate their understanding, mastery, deficits, etc. with each other and the instructor.
  23. Patricia – In an online environment, progressive assessment allows the learner to document and recognize their achievement of learning objectives
  24. Patricia
  25. Patricia
  26. Patricia
  27. Patricia
  28. Patricia
  29. Patricia - The relationship between formative and summative assessment can be viewed in several ways. Some course designs support a semester long progression of assignments the lead to a final, summative product, project, or final evaluative event – an exam, performance, presentation, etc.. In this model, formative assessments determine whether the learner has satisfactory met the criteria and is prepared to proceed.
  30. Patricia - An example of such an approach is a writing or research-based course.
  31. Patricia - Another approach is to have periodic assessment that measure student learning but do not indicate a progression towards a final summative event. In this design students can proceed through the materials once they have completed the assessment.
  32. Patricia - One example of this approach in an online course design is where students take different approached to the assignment and proceed through activities without intervention if they haven’t mastered content.
  33. Patricia
  34. Veronica
  35. Veronica
  36. Do in chat
  37. Veronica
  38. Veronica
  39. Veronica - Note: if objectives are poorly written, the assessment will be difficult to construct
  40. Veronica
  41. Veronica - Let’s go through each and in the chat make suggestions on how it could be improved, then suggest an an assessment tool that could be used to assess
  42. Veronica
  43. Veronica
  44. Veronica
  45. Veronica
  46. Veronica - Alignment
  47. Veronica
  48. Veronica
  49. Veronica
  50. Veronica
  51. Veronica
  52. Patricia and Veronica
  53. Patricia
  54. Veronica
  55. Veronica
  56. Veronica
  57. Veronica
  58. Veronica
  59. Veronica- Students or others report their perception of how well a given learning outcome has been achieved
  60. Veronica
  61. Veronica
  62. Veronica
  63. Patricia - handout
  64. Patricia – Selecting criteria is important for either framework
  65. Patricia – Selecting criteria is important for either framework
  66. Patricia
  67. Patricia Look at the objective (s) Think about the criteria for assessment
  68. Veronica
  69. Veronica
  70. Veronica
  71. Veronica See handout
  72. Veronica
  73. Veronica- See handout
  74. Veronica and Patricia