1. PRESENTED BY:
KIRTI AGRAWAL
13-9-2013

2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:
 Edward Hartley Angle graduated from dental
school in 1878.
 He developed ANGLE SYSTEM in 1888.
 According to him , orthodontic appliance
should have 5 objectives:
 1) simplicity
 2) stability
 3) efficiency
 4) delicacy
 5)inconspicuousness

4. THE EDGEWISE APPLIANCE:
 7TH and final edition of
ANGLE‟S book was
published in 1907 .
 He discontinued the use of
JACK SCREW.
 now, he used ideal heavy
expansion arch attached by
soldered to molar clasp
band.

5.  The heavy arch wire was supplied in 4
different designs.
 1) the basic E arch
 2) the ribbed E arch
 3) the E arch attached to a high pull
head-gear in the incisal area.
 E arch with hook as seen in the maxilla.

6. THE E ARCH WITH HIGH
PULL HEAD GEAR:

7. THE PIN AND TUBE
APPLIANCE:
 For bodily movement of teeth ,he developed this
appliance.
 It was the first appliance with a mechanism for root
movement.

8. THE RIBBON ARCH
APPLIANCE:
 Since pin and tube
appliance was difficult to
use, so he developed this
appliance in 1915.
 Brackets with vertical slot
were introduced with
appliance.
 It had F control and a
degree of stationary
anchorage.
 The BEGG‟s technique is
based on this appliance
with bracket upside down.

9. THE EDGEWISE APPLIANCE:
 He changed the form of
brackets by locating the slot
in the center and placing it in
the horizontal plane instead
of vertical plane.
 The new edgewise bracket
consist of a rectangular box
bracket , .022 inch by .028
inch in dimension.
 Its slot open horizontally.
 Angle introduced the
edgewise bracket in 1928 at
the age of 73.

10. CHARLES H. TWEED

11.  Tweed graduated from a improvised Angle
course given by GEORGE HAHN in 1928, he
was 33 years old , and ANGLE was 73.
 Angle admired TWEED „s ability , he asked
him to help in article ,published in DENTAL
COSMOS.
 He returned to Arizona and started 1st
edgewise specialty practice in United State.
 On august 11, 1930 Angle died at the age of
75.
 In 1932 , tweed published 1st article in
ANGLE ORTHODONTICS.

12.  The article was “report of cases treated with
edgewise arch mechanism”.
 TWEED held to ANGLE‟S firm conviction that
one must never extract the teeth.
 But the result was very unsatisfactory . he
almost gave up the orthodontic practice.
 He observed that 1) in the analysis of non
extraction cases, only 20% was successful.
2) upright mandibular
incisors are related to post treatment facial
balance and harmony.

13.  He concluded that one should prepare the
anchorage and extract the teeth where
needed.
 He retreated his 80% of failure cases with the
extraction of 4 first premolar.
 In 1936, tweed publish his first paper on
EXTRACTION OF TEETH FOR
ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSION
CORRECTION.
 MOTHER ANGLE refused to attend the
lecture,and GEORGE HANN criticized him
severely.

14.  In 1940, tweed present a paper and display
his case report in meeting of ANGLE
SOCIETY in CHIKAGO.
 In this way, tweed philosophy was born.
 Angle gave orthodontics the edgewise
bracket, but tweed gave the specialty the
appliance.
 Tweed was considered the premier
edgewise orthodontist of those day.
 He devoted 42 years of his life in
advancement of edgewise appliance and
died on 11 January 1970.

15. ANCHORAGE
PREPARATION

16. First degree
• When total discrepancy ≤ 10 m.m.
• 0< ANB angle< 4
Second degree
• When ANB angle> 4.5
Third degree
• Total discrepancy = 14-20 m.m.
• ANB angle ≤ 5

17.  First degree anchorage preparation is done in
high cuspid, crossbite pseudo class , and true
class cases.
 First degree means mandibular 3rd molar must
always be uprighted

18.  In second degree anchorage preparation,
 When second molar are in full eruption
,they should always be bonded.
 The mandibular terminal molar must be
tipped distally so that their distal marginal
ridge are at the gum level

19.  In third degree anchorage preparation , jigs
are necessary.
 All posterior teeth from 2nd premolar must be
tipped distally to anchorage preparation in
such a way distal marginal ridge of terminal
2nd molar are below to gum level.

20. FACIA L GROWTH
TRENDS

21. CLASSIFICATION OF FACIAL
GROWTH TRENDS:
FACIAL GROWTH TRENDS
Type A
25%
Type B
15%
Type C
60%

22. Type A :
 Middle and lower face grows in forward
and downward in unison with no change
in size of ANB angle.
 Growth is approximately equal in both
vertical and horizontal dimension.

23. SUBDEVISION OF TYPE A
CLASS with
ANB angle<4.5
No treatment is
indicated untill the
full eruption of all 4
cuspid teeth
following the serial
extraction
CLASS with
ANB angle > 4.5
Place the patient
under KLOEHN
CERVICAL GEAR
to restrain the
maxilary growth.
As the maxillary
denture moves
posteriorly, point B
moves forward

24. TYPE B:
 Middle face grows more rapidly than the
lower face.
 Growth occurs predominantly in the
vertical dimension.

25. Sub division of type B:
When
4>ANB angle
Prognosis is fair.
When
6< ANB angle<12
Extraction of all 4
premolars .and point A
will drop down and back
as the result of treatment
Treatment requirs 36 to 42
months to complete.

26. Type C :
 Lower face growing downward and
forward more rapidly than the middle
face with decrease size of ANB angle.
 Growth occurs predominantly in the
horizontal direction.

27. Mandibular incisors cutting edge engage in the lingual
surface of maxillary incisors.
Maxillary incisors
are tipped labillary if
orbicularis-oris is is
more relaxed.
Lingual tipping of
mandibular
incisors, as the
orbicularis- oris
muscle is thin and
strong.

28. Subdivision of type C:
WHEN GROWTH IS
CONFINED TO
HORIZONTAL
DIMENTION WITH
LITTLE VERTICAL
GROWTH.
FMA
ANGLE ≤20
GROWTH IS
PREDOMINANTLY IN
THE HORIZONTAL
DIRECTION

29. The diagnostic facial triangle:

30. The Diagnostic Facial Triangle:
 Tweed divided the patient in 2 groups
Patient with balance and
harmony of facial
proportion
Inclination of mandibular incisor was 90 in relation to body of
mandible. H. I. MARGOLIS suggest to check the inclination of incisors
in relation to the mandibular border.
So the conclusion was normal range of mandibular incisors is 90±5
when related to the mandibular plane. In this way , first angle IMPA
of diagnostic triangle was established after 12 years of research.
Patient lack of
these qualities

31. IMPA angle:

32.  In the analysis of non-extraction case , only
20% of patient was successfully treated.
 In class II non-extraction cases , maxillary 3rd
molars was looking down his throat .so he
retreated his patient following the extraction
of all 1st premolars .
 Result was good, balance and harmony of
facial proportion was established.
 In 1944 , tweed reviewed the cephalometric
literature , and he was impressed by the
LATERAL HEAD OF TRACING OF
BROADBENT.

33. Frankfort horizontal plane:

34.  THE FRANKFORT PLANE was established
by connecting the point 4.5 mm above the
geometrical center of ear rod and the orbitale
point midway between left and right border of
orbit.
 Tweed extended the mandibular border
posterior and connect with F.H. PLANE.
 He concluded the normal variation of FMA
angle was 16-35.
 ANB angle is very important it expressed the
mesio-distal relationship of maxillary and
mandibular basal bone.
 Range of ANB is 5 to 12 , and in 65% cases
ANB angle is measured 3 to 0.

35. FMA angle:

36. ANB angle:

38.  Since sum of all triangle is 180, so the third
angle FMIA must be 65.
CONCLUSION
FMA angle >30
the occlusal
plane
conversed
posteriorly, in
relation to
mandibular
plane
If FMA angle
=25± 4
The occlusal
plane does not
conversed
posteriorly
If FMA angle
<30 the
occlusal plane
conversed
posteriorly
less,sometimes
it is II to it.

40.  TWEED fulfill the ANGLE‟S definite of
occlusion ,beauty, harmony and balance
and establishment of near approach to
normal occlusion.