1. RESEARCH
TERMS
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com

2. Abstract:
A clear, concise summary of the study that
communicates the essential information about the
study. In research journals, it is usually located at
the beginning of an article.
Data :
Units of information or any
statistics, facts, figures, general
material, evidence, or knowledge collected during
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

3. Variables:
Attributes or characteristics that can have more
than one value, such as height or weight. In other
words, variables are qualities, quantities, properties, or
characteristics of people, things, or situations that change or
vary.
 Dependent variables:
Variables that change as the independent
variable is manipulated by the researcher; sometimes called
the criterion variables.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

4. Count…
 Independent variables:
Variables that are purposely
manipulated or changed by the researcher; also called
manipulated variables.
 Research variables:
These are the qualities, properties, or
characteristics which are observed or measured in a
natural setting without manipulating & establishing
cause-&-effect relationship www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

5. Count…
 Demographic variables:
The characteristics & attributes of the
study subjects are considered demographic variables, for
example, age, gender, educational status, religion, social
class, marital
status, habitat, occupation, income, medical diagnosis, &
so on.
 Extraneous variables:
Extraneous variables are the factors that
are not the part of the study but may affect the
measurement of the study variables.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

6. Operational definition:
The way by which a researcher
clarifies & defines the variables under investigation.
In addition, the researcher must also specify how the
variables will be observed & measured in the actual
research situation.
Concept:
A word picture or mental idea of
phenomenon. Concepts are words or terms that
symbolize some aspects of reality. For
example, stress, pain, or love. Concepts are the
building blocks of theory.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

7. Construct:
A highly abstract, complex phenomenon
(concept) is denoted by a made-up or construed
term. A construct term is used to indicate a
phenomenon that cannot be directly observed but
must be inferred by certain concrete or less-abstract
indicators of the phenomenon. For
example, wellness, mental health, & self-esteem are
constructed, & they can only be measured through
indefinable & measurable concept; for
example, wellness can only be assessed through
laboratory data
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

8. Proposition:
A proposition is a statement or assertion of
the relationship between concepts. For example, there
is relationship between level of anxiety & performance;
or virus causes acute illness. Proposition are drawn from
theories or empirical data.
Conceptual framework:
Interrelated concepts or abstractions
that are assembled together in some rational scheme by
virtue of their relevance to a common theme;
sometimes referred to as a conceptual theoretical
framework if based on the concepts of an existing
theory or theories.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

9. Assumption:
Basic principle that is accepted as being true on
the basis of logic or reason, without proof or verification.
Hypothesis:
A statement of the predicted relationship
between two or more variable in a research study; an
educated or calculated guess by researcher.
Literature review:
A critical summary or research on a topic
of interest, generally prepared to put a research problem
in context or to identify gaps & weaknesses in prior studies
so as to justify a new investigation.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

10. Limitations:
Restrictions in a study that may decrease the
credibility & generalization of the research findings.
Manipulation:
An intervention or treatment introduced by the
researcher in an experimental or quasi-experimental study;
the researcher manipulates the independent variable to
assess its impact on the dependent variable.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

11. Population:
The entire set of individuals or objects having
some common characteristics selected for a research
study (eg; patients admitted in intensive care units);
sometimes referred to as the universe of the research
study.
 Target population:
The entire population in which the
researchers are interested & to which they would like to
generalize the research finding.
 Accessible population:
The aggregate of cases that conform to
designated inclusion or exclusion criteria & that are
accessible as subject of the study.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

12. Research study setting:
The study setting is the location in
which the research is conducted – it could be
natural, partially controlled, or highly controlled.
Natural or field setting is an uncontrolled real-life
situation. In a partially controlled
situation, environment is partially modified to control
extraneous variables, while in highly controlled
situations, study environment is fully controlled to
combat the effect of extraneous variables.
Sample:
A part or subset of population selected to
participate in research study.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

13. Representative sample:
A sample whose characteristics are highly
similar to that of the population from which it is drawn.
Sampling:
The process of selecting sample from the target
population to represent the entire population.
Probability sampling:
The selection of subjects or sampling
units from a population using random procedure; example
include simple random sampling, stratified random
sampling, & systematic sampling.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

14. Nonprobability sampling:
The selection of subjects or sampling units from
a population using nonrandom procedures; examples
include convenient, purposive, & quota sampling.
Reliability:
The degree of consistency or accuracy with
which an instrument measures the attribute it is designed
to measure.
Validity:
The degree to which an instrument measures
what it is intended to measure.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

15. Pilot study:
Study carried out at the end of the planning
phase of research in order to explore & test the research
elements to make relevant to make modification in research
tools & methodology.
Analysis:
Method of organizing, sorting, & scrutinizing data in
such a way that research question can be answered or
meaningful inferences can be drawn.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

16. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in