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2. Contents
◦ INTRODUCTION
◦ DEFINITION
◦ FUNCTIONS OF A PROPOSAL
◦ COMPONENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
◦ CONCLUSION
◦ REFERENCES
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3. Preamble
• Research proposals communicate a research problem and proposed
methods of solving it.
• A written document, specifying what the investigator proposes to
study and written before beginning the research.
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4. Preamble
• The content and organization are broadly similar to that for a
research report, but proposals are written in the future tense (i.e.,
indicating what the researcher will do) and obviously do not include
results and conclusions.
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5. Definition
Proposal is a document communicating a research problem, its
significance, proposed procedures for solving the problem, and,
when funding is sought, how much the study will cost.
Polit DF, Beck C. Nursing Research Principles and Methods. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott’s Williams and Wilkins; 2012
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6. Functions of a proposal
1. Means of opening communication between researchers and other parties.
2. Serve as the basis for negotiating with other parties.
3. Help researchers to clarify their own thinking.
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8. Front Matter
• Proposals typically begin with what is referred to as front matter
• Orients readers to the study
• Typically includes, at a minimum, a cover page that indicates the title of
the proposed study and the author’s name and institution.
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9. Front Matter
• Title should be given careful thought.
• Should be crafted to create a good impression.
• Should be concise and informative, but should also be compelling and
interesting.
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10. Background of the problem
• Must strengthen the arguments concerning the significance of the study.
• Should orient the reader to what is already known about the problem
and how the proposed research will increase that knowledge.
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11. Background of the problem
• Should have a discussion of highly selective studies which are clearly
related to what the investigator proposes to study.
• Should be organized as global, national and local concerns on the
problem under investigation.
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12. Statement of the problem
• Problem statement is an expression of a dilemma or disturbing
situation that needs investigation.
• Clearly, concisely and precisely articulated
• Clearly stating the variables, population and research setting under
study
• Express variables in measurable terms
• The type of study may be included in the statement of research
problem. (Type of study, variables, population and setting)
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13. Purpose of the study
• A specific research study may have two or more goals.
• Purpose should be the expected outcome of the study.
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14. Objectives of the study
• Include the specific objectives to be achieved.
• Clearly stated in achievable and measurable terms.
• Objectives should be formed on the basis of specific questions to be answered.
• Bloom’s taxonomy may be referred to, for selecting the verbs.
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15. Hypotheses
• Statements of expectations of a researcher on relationships
between the variables under his/her study.
• A prediction of expected outcomes.
• Should be derived on the basis of objectives of the study.
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16. Assumptions
• An assumption is a statement whose truth is either considered
self-evident or has been satisfactorily established by earlier
research.
• It is a principle that is accepted as being true based on logic or
custom, without proof.
• This will act as a foundation of accepted knowledge.
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17. Variables
• Variables are qualities, properties, or characteristics of person, things or
situations that change or vary.
•
“Variables are concepts at different level of abstraction that are
concisely defined to promote their measurement or manipulation within
study” (Chinn & Kramer)
• Dependent variable, Independent
Confounding variable etc…
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Extraneous
variable,
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18. Definition of terms
•
Definitions of important terms must be given.
•
Each term should be conceptually defined (mention the reference) then
operationalize along with the name of tool and it’s subareas (minimum
and maximum score of the tool need not be mentioned).
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19. Conceptual frame work
• The framework also should explain the interrelationships among the
phenomena under investigation.
• Interrelated concepts or abstractions assembled in a rational and
often explanatory scheme to illuminate relationships among them; is
called as conceptual model.
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20. Delimitations
•
Researcher identifies before the commencement of
research.
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21. Research methodology
The explanation of the research methodology should be thorough enough that readers will have no question about how research objectives will
be addressed.
This part should explain clearly and completely the following:
•
Research approach
•
Research design
•
Research setting
•
Population, sample, sample size, sampling criteria and sampling technique
•
Selection and development of study instruments, including validity, pretesting and reliability of the instruments
•
Plan for pilot study
•
Plan for data collection
•
Plan for data analysis
The description of methods should also include a discussion of the rationale for the proposed methods, potential methodologic problems, and
intended strategies for handling such problems.
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22. Work plan
• This is the plan according to which the various tasks and subtasks will be
accomplished by the investigator.
• Researchers often describe their proposed plan for managing the flow of
work on the project.
• Researchers indicate in the work plan the sequence of tasks to be
performed, the anticipated length of time required for their completion,
and the personnel required for their accomplishment.
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23. Project Timeline, in Calendar Months, for a 24-Month Project
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Polit DF, Beck C. Nursing Research Principles and Methods. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott’s Williams and Wilkins; 2012
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24. Budget
• Budgets translate project activities into monetary terms, and are an
extremely important part of research proposals requesting financial
support; they are sometimes included in student proposals as well.
• Budgets are statements of how much money will be required to
accomplish the various tasks.
• A well-conceived work plan greatly facilitates the preparation of the
budget.
• This should give the proposed expenses towards the investigation in
terms of money, material and manpower.
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25. Ethical considerations
The plan of the investigator to conduct research within the ethical considerations need
to be explained.
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26. References & Appendices
Based on any standard format like Vancouver, APA etc..
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27. CONCLUSION
• A research proposal is a written document specifying what a researcher intends
to study.
• Major components of a research proposal include front matter such as a cover
page, an abstract, statement of the problem, background and significance of the
problem, specific objectives, methods, and work plan or schedule; proposals
written for funding usually also include sections on personnel and facilities and a
budget.
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28. References
1.
Polit DF, Beck C. Nursing Research Principles and Methods. 9th edition. Philadelphia:
Lippincott’s Williams and Wilkins; 2012
2. Polit DF, Beck C. Nursing Research Principles and Methods. 7th edition China: Lippincott’s
Williams and Wilkins; 2005.
3. Parahoo K. Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues. 2nd edition. New York: Palgrave
Mac Millian Ltd; 2006.
4. Burns N, Grove SK, Understanding Nursing research: Building evidence based practice. 5th ed.
Philadelphia: Saunders an imprint of Elsevier; 2012.
5. Talbot L A. Principles and practice ofWWW.DRJAYESHPATIDAR.BLOGSPOT.COM Louis: Mosby; 1995.
nursing research. St.
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