IVMS BMS GENERAL PRINCIPLES USMLE WEB MAPS-Global

1. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
USMLE WEB MAPS-BMS GENERAL PRINCIPLES
IVMS is the ultimate medical student Web 2.0 companion. This
SDL-Face to Face hybrid courseware is a digitally tagged and
content enhanced replication of the United States Medical
Licensing Examination's Cognitive Learning Objectives (Steps 1,
2 or 3). Including authoritative reusable learning object (RLO)
integration and scholarly Web Interactive PowerPoint-driven
multimedia shows/PDFs. Comprehensive hypermedia BMS
learning outcomes and detailed, General Principles and Organ
System USMLE Web Maps content enriched learning objectives.
http://www.imhotepvirtualmedsch.com/
COMPONENT I: BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
delves into gene expression, protein synthesis, energy
metabolism and the metabolic pathways associated with
diseases.
 GENE EXPRESSION: DNA STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND EXCHANGE
1.1.1 DNA structure: single- and double-stranded DNA, stabilizing forces, supercoiling
HGP.pdf
DNA and Molecular Genetics
DNA Structure and Analysis
Gene expression: DNA structure, replication, and exchange
1.1.2 Analysis of DNA: sequencing, restriction analysis, PCR amplification, hybridization
DNA Sequence Analysis: Introduction
1.1.3 DNA replication, mutation, repair, degradation, and inactivation
DNA Synthesis.ppt
DNA Synthesis. notes
1.1.4 Gene Structure and Organization; chromosomes, centromere and telomere
Genes and Gene Organization
Gene Structure and Genomic Sequence

2. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
1.1.5 Recombination, insertion sequences, transposons
DNA Recombination
Insertion Sequences. Notes
Transposons: Mobile DNA .notes
1.1.6 Mechanisms of genetic exchange: transformation, transduction, conjugation, cross-
over, recombination, linkage
Genetic Exchange Mechanisms Slides 4-13
Microbial Genetic Exchange
1.1.7 Plasmids and bacteriophages
Cells Alive and T4 Bacteriophages
Introduction to the Bacteriophages T4 Virus
Inserting a DNA Sample into a Plasmid
 GENE EXPRESSION: TRANSCRIPTION (INCLUDING DEFECTS)
1.2.1 Transcription of DNA into RNA, enzymatic reactions, RNA, RNA degradation
Dr Chromos School: transcription of DNA into RNA
Transcription-Synthesis of Messenger RNA (mRNA)
1.2.2 Regulation: cis-regulatory elements, transcription factors, enhancers, promoters, silencers,
repressants, splicing
Transcription Regulation
Gene Regulation: Summary Principles and Overview .PDF
 GENE EXPRESSION: TRANSLATION INCLUDING DEFECT
1.3.1 The genetic code
Introduction to Bioinformatics
The Genetic Code
The Human Genome Project
Genetic Code Table and the 20 Amino Acids
DNA-Basics of Structure and Analysis
1.3.2 Structure and function of tRNA
Structure and function of transfer RNA
Transfer RNA
1.3.3 Structure and function of ribosomes
Ribosome Structure and Function
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
1.3.4 Protein synthesis
Protein Synthesis Comprehensive
Protein Synthesis (Animation)
Protein Synthesis Summary.ppt
1.3.5 Regulation of translation
Regulation of Translation. Illus. notes
Translation.ppt
1.3.6 Post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, addition of CHO units)
Post-Translational Modifications
1.3.7 Protein degradation
Protein Degradation Resource. notes

3. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
 STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF PROTEINS
1.4.1 Principles of protein structure and folding
Protein Structure: The Very Basics .pps
1.4.2 Enzymes: kinetics, reaction mechanisms
Symbolism and Terminology in Enzyme Kinetics
Enzymes and Enzyme Complexes
1.4.3 Structural and regulatory proteins: ligand binding, self-assembly
Regulatory Protein Coordinating Gene Expression
1.4.4 Regulatory properties
Regulation of Enzyme Activity.ppt
Enzyme Regulatory Mechanisms
 ENERGY METABOLISM (METABOLIC SEQUENCES & REGULATION) & DISORDERS
1.5.1 Generation of energy from carbohydrates, fatty acids, and essential amino acids;
glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, ketogenesis,
electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, glycogenolysis
Step by Step Krebs cycle
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production.ppt
Krebs citric acid cycle
Energy Production.ppt
Summary Diagram of the Krebs cycle
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation .pps
1.5.2 Storage of energy: gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, fatty acid and triglyceride
synthesis
How Cells Store Energy: ATP. Notes (with Quiz)
Metabolism and Energy Balance.ppt
1.5.3 Thermodynamics: free energy, chemical equilibria and group transfer potential,
energetics of ATP and other high-energy compounds
Energy is conserved: The First Law of Thermodynamics. Notes
Laws of Thermodynamics
 METABOLIC PATHWAY OF SMALL MOLECULES AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES
Medical Biochemistry Page IndState-Dr King
Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism.html notes
Biochemical Pathways-Metabolic Pathways-Comprehensive Map
1.6.1 Biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids (eg, homocystinuria)
1.6.2 Biosynthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (eg, gout, Lesch-
Nyhan syndrome)
1.6.3 Biosynthesis and degradation of lipids (eg, dyslipidemias, carnitine deficiency,
adrenogenital syndromes)
1.6.4 Biosynthesis and degradation of porphyrins
1.6.5 Biosynthesis and degradation of other macromolecules and associated abnormalities,
complex carbohydrates (eg, lysosomal storage disease), glycoproteins, and proteoglycans
NetBiochem: Topics, Tables and Still and Animated Graphics
Biochemistry Pathways Illustrated
Interactive Concepts in Biochemistry - Interactive Animations

4. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
COMPONENT II: CELLULAR BIOLOGY with emphasis on
structure and function of organelles, adaptive mechanisms
and apoptosis.
2.1 Signal transduction: second messenger systems - voltage- and ligand-gated channels and
receptors
Mechanisms of Single Transduction
Single Transduction with Link to Vitamin & Coenzymes Notes
2.2 Cell components (eg, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes)
UTMB- Illustrated Cell Biology Topics
Cellular and Molecular Processes-Comprehensive Map
Tutorial on Biological Membranes
2.3 Cytoskeleton (including cell movement and intracellular transport)
Cytoskeleton Tutorial
2.4 Secretion and exocytosis, endocytosis, transcytosis
Eukaryote vs Prokaryote
Secretion, Endocytosis and Exocytosis.ppt
2.5 Cell cycle: mitosis, meiosis, structure and regulation of spindle apparatus, control points
Mitosis: Labeled Diagram
Cell Cycle and Mitosis Tutorial
Cell Division and Genetic Consequences
Meiosis Tutorial
Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Cell Differientation.ppt
2.6 Epithelial cells (including surface specialization, intercellular junctions, gap junctions, and
desmosomes)
Tissues /e-Histology. Net
Membrane Structure and Function: Cell Junction Proteins
Cells gap junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes (Slides 37-48)
Junctions Between Cells
2.7 Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells: basement membrane, extracellular
matrix, proteoglycans, fibronectins, adhesion molecules, annexins
Connective Tissues .ppt
Cytology and Histology of Connective Tissue
2.8 Muscle cells (cardiac, smooth, skeletal): structure and regulation of contractile elements,
excitation-contraction coupling
Cardiac and Smooth Muscle
Muscle Mechanism of Contraction and Neural Control.ppt
Muscle Physiology and Design. Illus. notes
2.9 Adaptive mechanism: cell response to injury (eg, hypertrophy, metaplasia)
The Immune Response to Burn Injury

5. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
Hypertrophy, heart, gross
Cell Injury Illustrated Lecture Notes
2.10 Mechanisms of cell injury and necrosis (including free radical mediated cell injury)
Cell Injury and Adaptation Mechanisms
Inflammation
2.11 Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Apoptosis.html notes
Apoptosis.html-Another Look
COMPONENT III: GENETICS & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT with
stress on embryogenesis, Mendelian genetics, population
genetics, pedigree analysis, genetic abnormalities and
counseling.
3.0. Embryology: fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, neurulation, and structures
arising out of primary germ cell.
Early Development
Human Growth and Development
The Visible Embryo Project
Embryogenesis: programmed gene expression, tissue differentiation and morphogenesis,
homeotic genes
Embryology-In the Womb
Human Embryogenesis
3.1. Congenital abnormalities: principles, patterns of anomalies, dysmorphogenesis
Congenital Anomalies
3.2. Principles of pedigree analysis: inheritance patterns, occurrence and recurrence risk
General Principles of Medical Genetics
3.3. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg law, founder effects, mutation-selection
equilibrium
Population Genetics
Population Genetics for 1st Year Medical Students
3.4. Genetic mechanisms: chromosomal abnormalities, mendelian inheritance,
multifactorial diseases
Terms to Know in Mendelian Genetics
Genetic Linkage and Mapping
Mendelian genetics Problem Sets and Tutorials
Chromosomal Aberrations (simplified lecture notes)
General Principles of Medical Genetics (Comprehensive lecture notes)
Medical Genetics Comprehensive PDF Notes
3.5. Clinical correlates of genetics: genetic testing, prediagnosis, newborn
General Principles of Medical Genetics-Clinical Correlates

6. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
COMPONENT IV: IMMUNOLOGY: BASIC & APPLIED It
explains the functions of the cells involved in immune
response, classification of response, genetic regulation of
immunogenicity (MHC class molecules), immune impairment
and the laboratory techniques in immunologic investigations.
Immune system: goal, division & general function
Immune System.html notes
Adaptive -Innate Immunity Interplay
Animation: Neutralization I Opsonization I Classical complement pathway I Alternate
complement pathway
4.1. Histoimmunology: production and function of granulocytes, natural killer cells,
macrophages
An Immune System Glossary
Granulocytes, Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells.htm notes
4.2. Production and function of T lymphocytes, T lymphocyte receptors
The Immune Response System
The Adaptive Immune Response -T4 Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes- T lymphocyte interactions.ppt
4.3. Production and function of B lymphocytes and plasma cells; immunoglobulin and
antibodies: structure and biologic properties
The Immune System-Humoral
Development of B-Cells.ppt
Immunoglobulin Structure
4.4. Antigenicity and immunogenicity; antigen presentation; cell activation and regulation;
tolerance and clonal deletion
Hematopoiesis.htm notes
4.5. Immunologic mediators: chemistry, function, molecular biology, classic and
alternative complement pathways, cytokines, chemokines
The Complement System.html Lect Notes
The Role of Complement in Elimination of Microorganisms
Complement System -Lectin Pathway
4.6. Immunogenetics; MHC structure and function, class I, II molecules; erythrocyte
antigens; transplantation
Histocompatability Molecules (Excellent illustration of MHC I & II Molecules)
Class I and II MHC
4.7. Immunizations: vaccines, protective immunity
http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/black17.htm
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine Preventable Diseases

7. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
4.8. Immunopathology: Alterations in immunologic response & function
Immunological Defects
4.8.1 T or B lymphocyte deficiencies
B-Cell and T-Cell Screening Test.htm
Primary Immune Deficency.htm
4.8.2 Deficiencies of phagocytic cells
Phagocytic Cell Defects
4.8.3 Combined immunodeficiency disease
Severe Combined Immunodeficency.htm notes
Primary Immune Deficiency Disease.html notes
4.8.4 HIV infection/AIDS and other acquired disorders of immune responsiveness
HIV/AIDS-What it is -a consumer level overview.html
4.9. Immunopharmacology: drug-induced alterations in immune responses
http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/7_2.htm
4.10 Immunopathology: immunologically mediated disorders- hypersensitivity (types I-IV)
Immunopathology.html
Hypersensitivity .htm
4.11.1 Transplant rejection
Hypersensitivity Reactions and Tissue Injury
4.11.2 Risks of transplantation, transfusion (eg, graft-versus-host disease)
http://www.bioscience.org/news/scientis/gvhd1.htm
http://www.cancerbacup.org.uk/info/bone/bone-8.htm
Isoimmunization, hemolytic disease of the newborn
http://info.med.yale.edu/obgyn/reproimmuno/courses/ReproductiveImmunology/tsld001.htm
http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic959.htm
Immunopathogenesis
http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=kb-02-01-04
4.12 IMMUNOLABORATORY: immunologic principles underlying diagnostic laboratory tests
(eg, ELISA, complement fixation, RIA, agglutination)
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch168/ch168e.html
(Great link to commonly utilized immunologic tests)
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/vlabs/immunology/index.html

8. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
COMPONENT V: MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
this component commences with taxonomy, and delves into
bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology.
Throughout the presentation, reference is made to the
laboratory diagnosis and the mechanisms of infectivity.
4.0. TAXONOMY: microbial classification and its basis
Classification of Microorganisms. PDF
Classification of Microorganisms.ppt
Prokaryotes.ppt
Classification of Microorganisms.html illustrated notes
5.1. BACTERIOLOGY: Bacteria and bacterial diseases
Bacterial Structure in Relation to Pathogenicity
Microbiology Laboratory Techniques.ppt
Bacteriology Tutorials.htm
Structure and composition
Gram Negative Bacteria.html notes
Bacteria Structure and Growth.ppt
Structure -Function Pathogenicity Relationship
Metabolism, physiology, genetics and regulation
Nature and mechanisms of action of virulence factors
Bacterial Metabolism
Pathophysiology of infection
Principles of Pathogenesis Bacterial Infection.ppt
Bacterial Pathogenesis
Epidemiology and ecology
Infectious Disease Epidemololgy
Route of infection
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_%28medicine%29
4.17 Principles of cultivation, assay, and laboratory diagnosis
http://www.ucc.ie/ucc/depts/path/LN/diagnostic%20tech1-webversion.ppt
5.2. VIROLOGY: Viruses and viral diseases- physical and chemical properties
- replication
http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/Tutorials/balti/balti.html
Genetics
http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch043.htm (viral genetics)
 Principles of cultivation, assay, and laboratory diagnosis
- molecular basis of pathogenesis

9. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/109/Lectures.html
Pathophysiology of infection latent and persistent infections –epidemiology
- oncogenic viruses
5.3. MYCOLOGY: Fungi and fungal infections
- structure, physiology, cultivation, and laboratory diagnosis
- pathogenesis and epidemiology
http://www.nacse.org/ocid/bot461/lectures/lecture1.htm
5.4. PARASITOLOGY: parasites and parasitic diseases
http://www.med.sc.edu:85/book/parasit-sta.htm
Structure, physiology, and laboratory diagnosis
- pathogenesis and epidemiology
http://faculty.uccb.ns.ca/~jfoulds/courses/invertebrate/Powerpoint/Protozoa01.ppt
5.6. LABORATORY TECNIQUES: principles of sterilization and pure culture technique
http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/tables/161tb1.htm
COMPONENT VI: GENERAL PATHOLOGY: PATHOGENESIS AND
BIOLOGY OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO DISEASE deals with
inflammation (cells & mediators), reparative process and the
basic concepts in neoplasia including carcinogenesis, tumor
immunology and cancer epidemiology, prevention and control.
6.1. INFLAMMATION (CELLS AND MEDIATORS)
IVMS-General Pathology- Inflammation PPt.
http://ocw.tufts.edu/Course/51/lecturenotes
WebPath-Inflammation Index HTML. Page
(excellent, most comprehensive pathologic basis of inflammation – highly recommended)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation
Acute inflammation and mediator systems (pharmacologic mediators)
IVMS-Anti-Inflammatory and Autacoid Pharmacology- NSAIDs
Vascular response to injury (including mediators) Inflammatory cell recruitment (adherence and
cell migration) and phagocytosis
http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/vmiller_lab/endothelial.cfm
Bactericidal mechanisms and tissue injury
Clinical manifestations (including pain, fever, leukocytosis, leukemoid reaction, and chills)
http://www.epathoplus.com/inflammation.htm
Chronic inflammation
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND WOUND HEALING
IVMS Inflammation Notes
6.2. REPARATIVE PROCESSES
Inflammation and Repair Illustrated Lectures

10. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
Wound healing, hemostasis, and repair: thrombosis, granulation tissue, angiogenesis, fibrosis,
and scar/keloid formation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_healing
How wounds heal and tumors form
Regenerative processes
6.3. NEOPLASIA
http://www.pathguy.com/lectures/unknown.htm
http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_PathNotes/Neoplasia/Neoplasia_01.html (excellent
classification of neoplasm)
Classification, histologic diagnosis
http://clinlabs.path.queensu.ca/present/dexter/oldneoplasia/
http://www.vet.purdue.edu/vpb/clinpath/vpb555/555cyt3/sld033.htm
Grading, and staging of neoplasms
http://www.unc.edu/courses/2001fall/biol/008/001/day25/neo5.ppt (Biology & epidemiology of
cancer)
Cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of neoplastic cells: transformation, oncogenes,
altered cell differentiation, and proliferation
http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_PathNotes/Neoplasia/Neoplasia_04.html
Hereditary neoplastic disorders
Invasion and metastasis (mechanism & subtypes)
http://www3.mdanderson.org/DEPARTMENTS/liver/images/method.jpg biologic mechanism of
metastasis
http://www.path.sunysb.edu/courses/im/
Tumor immunology
http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section11/chapter143/143a.htm
http://www.mcl.tulane.edu/classware/pathology/medical_pathology/New_for_99/tum_immu/
Paraneoplastic manifestations of cancer
IVMS-Gen Tumors, Host and Paraneoplastic Syndromes
http://www.urotext.com/pages/PNSs.html
http://www.cancernetwork.com/home/frames.htm?http://www.cancernetwork.com/handbook/em
ergencies.htm&3
Cancer epidemiology, control and prevention
http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec0192/

11. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
COMPONENT VII: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES with materials
covering organic correlates of behavior, life cycle, human
behavior in illness, patients’ interview and medical law and
ethics. Medical law & ethics is treated with emphasis on
patients’ rights, physician-patient relationship, beginning &
end of life issues, clinical research & human experimentation
and the ethics of managed care.
Gender, ethnic, and behavioral considerations affecting disease treatment and prevention
(including psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental)
7.0 BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES: neuroanatomical, neurochemistry, neuropharmacologic,
genetic & Psychologic; DSM IV classification of mental illness; Common psychotropic agents
American Psychiatric Association - DSM-IV-TR
eMedicine - Psychiatry
Long - Internet Mental Health
http://www.unr.nevada.edu/~goodman/brain/memory_tutorial.html
http://www.brainsource.com/amazing brain.htm
Neurotramsnitters
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter
Brain Neurotransmitters
7.1 LIFE CYCLE: progression through the life cycle (birth through senescence)
7.1.1. Cognitive, language, motor skills, and social and interpersonal development
Child and Adolescent Development
http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/devmile.htm
7.1.2. HUMAN SEXUALITY: sexual development (eg, puberty, menopause)
http://www.usu.edu/openshaw/3110/3110ppt/adolescent/
http://www.addison.ac.uk/endocrine_modules/module1/lecturers_material/html_files/END1.19b/
7.1.3. Influence of developmental stage on physician/patient interview
http://www.baylorcme.org/adolescent/presentations/middleman/middleman.pdf
7.2 HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ILLNESS (psychologic and social factors influencing patient
behavior)
http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/lessons.php?BenchmarkID=6&DocID=281
7.2.1. Personality traits or coping style (coping mechanisms)
http://www.alleydog.com/101notes/personality.html
International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Science
http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/perscontents.html (excellent on personality theory)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_mechanism(excellent on defense mechanism)
7.2.2. Psychodynamic and behavioral factors, related past experience
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamics
7.2.3. Family and cultural factors, including socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and
gender
http://www.euteach.com/euteach_module_a5

12. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/cre/execsummary-6.html
Adaptive and maladaptive behavioral responses to stress and illness (eg,
drug-seeking behavior, sleep deprivation)
http://www.alleydog.com/101notes/stress&health.html
7.2.4. Interactions between the patient and the physician or the health care
system (eg, transference)
http://www.oregoncounseling.org/ArticlesPapers/ManagedCare.htm
7.2.5. Patient adherence (general and adolescent)
Patient Adherence /Compliance Assessment Instrument.htm
Self-assessment of Personality Theory
Guide to Personality Theory with quiz.htm
7.3. PATIENT INTERVIEWING, CONSULTATION & INTERACTIONS WITH FAMILY
http://zoey.med.howard.edu/2003/archives/ipc/9-7-99-both-hours.htm
7.3.1 Establishing and maintaining rapport
http://www.obgyn.net/medical.asp?page=/english/pubs/articles/rapport01
http://www.obgyn.net/medical.asp?page=/english/pubs/articles/rapport02
7.3.2 Data gathering
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/clerkships/peds/Clerkship/Objectives/History.html
7.3.3. Approaches to patient education
http://www.ama-assn.org/public/journals/patient/
Doctor-patient relationship
7.3.4. Enticing patients to make life-style changes
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/chd/lifestyles.htm
http://www.mercksharpdohme.com/disease/
7.3.5. Communicating bad news
http://www.indiandoctors.com/others/200.php3
7.3.6. “Difficult” interviews (eg, anxious or angry patients)
http://xnet.kp.org/permanentejournal/spring03/angry.html
7.3.7. Multicultural ethnic characteristics
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-593-x/89-593-x2003001-eng.pdf
http://www.socialstudies.org/positions/multicultural
Culture Clues. Notes
Cultural Competency Resources Guidelines/. Html
7.4. MEDICAL LAW & ETHICS
7.4.1. PATIENTS’ RIGHTS: consent and informed consent to treatment
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/patient_rights/article_em.htm
7.4.2. Physician-patient relationships (eg, ethical conduct, confidentiality)
http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/9708/9708.reducerisk.shtml
7.4.3. END OF LIFE - death and dying, right to die?
http://law.jrank.org/pages/5987/Death-Dying-Right-Die-Individual-Autonomy-State-Interests.html
http://www.anabaptists.org/tracts/deathtrc.html
7.4.4. BEGINNING OF LIFE – Legal & Ethical Birth-related issues
http://smj.sma.org.sg/3101/3101ra1.pdf
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/978997-overview
http://www.commed.uchc.edu/medicalhumanities/weblinks.htm
7.4.5. HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION (issues related to patient participation in research –
clinical trials & informed consent)
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive//20061214/pubs/cbm/hum_exp.html
http://www.nih.gov/sigs/bioethics/casestudies.html - research

13. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
7.4.6. Interactions with other health professionals (eg, referral)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1924173/pdf/canmedaj01268-0043b.pdf
7.4.7. HUMAN SEXUALITY and the profession, other “boundary” issues
http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/18/5/511
http://www.changesurfer.com/Hlth/DPReview.html
http://www.ahs.cqu.edu.au/psysoc/units/53270/pdf/m4c11.pdf
7.4.8. Ethics of managed care
http://www2.umdnj.edu/omcweb/
7.4.9. Organization and cost of health-care delivery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_States
COMPONENT VIII: EXTERNAL (EXTRINSIC) FACTORS IN
DISEASE This component treats of nutritional issues
(nutrients classification, functions of nutrients &
nutritional deficiencies), thermoregulation, and adaptation
to environment and homeostasis.
MULTI-SYSTEM PROCESSES
Environmental Pathology Overview
1. NUTRITION
Generation, expenditure, and storage of energy at the whole-body level
Glycolysis.html notes
Gluconeogenesis.html notes
Assessment of nutritional status across the life span (eg, calories, protein, essential nutrients,
hypoalimentation
Nutrition navigator: http://navigator.tufts.edu
American Dietetics Association:
http://www.eatright.org
Healthy People: http://web.health.gov/healthypeople
Functions of nutrients (essential, transfatty acids, cholesterol)
Nutrients, Vitamins, Minerals and Dietary Information
Cholesterol Management Health Center-WebMD
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat

14. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
Protein-calorie malnutrition
Nutritional Disorders
http://www.xrefer.com/entry/537805
Malnutrition
Vitamin deficiencies and/or toxicities
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Mineral deficiencies and toxicities
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec01/ch004/ch004a.html
http://bama.ua.edu/~shancock/NHM101/Minerals.PDF
Eating disorders (eg, obesity, anorexia, bulimia)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/medical_notes/newsid_1079000/1079435.stm
http://coe.west.asu.edu/students/jklein/eatingdisorderwq.html (excellent notes)
2. TEMPERATURE REGULATION
http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/thermodynamics.html
3. ADAPTATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES (including occupational exposures)
Physical and associated disorders (eg, temperature; radiation; burns; decreased atmospheric
pressure; high altitude sickness; increased water pressure)
Trauma and Environmental Injury.html notes
http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c23.html
Chemical (eg, gases, vapors; smoke inhalation; agricultural hazards, volatile organic solvents,
heavy metals; principles of poisoning and therapy)
http://www.sas.org/E-Bulletin/2001-09-15/labNotes2/labNotes.html
http://www.pepps.fsu.edu/caprm/CAPRM II DraftIND/6-3-9c(chem)HumanHealth.doc
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/docs/hazard/chemical.html
4. HOMEOSTASIS: Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and disorders (eg, dehydration,
acidosis, alkalosis)
http://www.biology-online.org/4/3_blood_sugar.htm
http://www.iacr.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/wwwresource/homeostasis319.htm
http://www.ags.uci.edu/~bcrourke/Homeostasis/

15. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
COMPONENT IX: INTRODUCTORY PHARMACOLOGY:
PHARMACOKINETIC & PHARMACODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES
Pharmacokinetics is the study of what the body does to a drug.
Pharmacodynamics is the study of what a drug does to the body.
and effect.
9.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Medical Pharmacology 2000
General Principles--Introduction
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
General Principles of Medicinal Chemistry.html notes (selected pharmacologic agents notes)
Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, dosage intervals
Pharmacokinetics Tutorial
http://www.cc.nih.gov/training/training/principles/schedule.html
http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section22/chapter299/299a.htm
Mechanisms of drug action, structure-activity relationships, receptors, signal transduction
http://www.cc.nih.gov/training/training/principles/schedule.html
Concentration- and dose-effect relationships (eg, efficacy, potency), types of agonists and
antagonists and their actions
Drug Receptor Interactions
Individual factors altering pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (eg, age, gender, disease,
tolerance, compliance, body weight, metabolic proficiency, pharmacogenetics)
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.ppt
(excellent on factors influencing absorption, distribution etc.)
IVMS-General Principles of Pharmacology-Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Drug side effects, overdosage, toxicology
http://doublecheckmd.com/EffectsDetail.do?dname=Midrin&sid=1176&eid=4910
Regulatory issues (eg, drug development, approval, scheduling)
2. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF AUTOCOIDS (including peptides and analogs, biogenic
amines, prostanoids and their inhibitors, and smooth muscle/endothelial autacoids)
http://www.pharmacology2000.com/Histamine/histamine.htm
Renal, Pulmonary and Renal Autocoids .PDF.
3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY
Autonomic Introduction
Autonomic Medicinal Chemistry.htm (neurotransmitters)
4. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ANTIMICROBIALS (including mechanisms of action and
resistance)
Antibacterial Agents

16. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
5. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ANTI-NEOPLASTIC AGENTS,
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS
Chemotherapy: Introduction & General Principles
Immunopharmacology
COMPONENT X: BIOSTATISTICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
(QUANTITATIVE METHODS) This component explains the
elements of measures, types of measures and basic
epidemiologic concepts & principles namely, risk ratio,
relative risk, odds ratio, incidence, prevalence, association,
sensitivity, specificity, predictive values etc. Study designs,
and hypothesis testing & statistical inference are both
discussed in detail, in allowing for adequate interpretation of
medical literature.
10.1. ELEMENTS OF MEASUREMENT
http://www.health.adelaide.edu.au/icu/files/icu_notes/statistics.pdf
http://www.anu.edu.au/nceph/surfstat/surfstat-home/surfstat.html
http://www.jerrydallal.com/LHSP/bmj.htm (excellent links)
Scales of measurement
Distribution, centraltendency, variability, probability
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/309/6960/996
Disease prevalence and incidence
http://bmj.com/epidem/epid.2.html
http://www.caregiver.org/brainC.html
Disease outcomes (eg, fatality rates)
http://courseweb.edteched.uottawa.ca/Medicine_Health/Development/Tutorial1 Notes.htm
Associations (correlation or covariance)
http://astor.som.jhmi.edu/~esg/assoc_lec2.ppt
http://tide.it.bond.edu.au/ianl111/Lectures/week10.ppt
http://fisher.osu.edu/mhr/faculty/todor/todorppt/Lecture8.ppt
http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/rschproj/chcc/ida/unit10/o10.ppt
Health impact (eg, risk differences and ratios)
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/320/7247/1468
Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values
http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~bioep540/topics/probdist/probdist-notes-sens-spec.html
http://www.sbc.su.se/~per/kth-bioinfo-2001/hmm/sensspec.html
http://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/staff/bfjones/ukta/howell/sld021.htm
http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/309/6947/102 (predictive values)
http://magix.fri.uni-lj.si/predavanja/uisp/slides/uisp09-Evaluation.ppt

17. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D.
10.2. STUDY DESIGNS
http://www.bmjpg.com/rct/contents.html
http://www.sph.unc.edu/courses/epid168/study_designs.ppt
http://anpat.drmm.uniud.it/ctc/resources/STAT.ppt
http://ped1.med.uth.tmc.edu/neo/clinepi3.ppt
http://www.shef.ac.uk/%7Escharr/triage/docs/systematic/index.htm (discusses meta-analysis)
Types of experimental studies (eg, clinical trials, community intervention trials)
http://www.nyviaetc.org/slides/Clinical%20Trials.ppt
Types of observational studies (eg, cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, case series,
community surveys)
Sampling and sample size
http://artsweb.uwaterloo.ca/~hdailly3/Lecture5.pdf
http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~oliver/SOC357/Lectures%20and%20Notes/SampleTypesBigSlides.pd
f
http://www.math.virginia.edu/~der/usem170/Chapter09/ (PPT simplified on sampling)
http://www.msu.edu/course/prr/475/djslect/sample.ppt
http://www.cquest.utoronto.ca/geog/ggr270y/notes/not10a.html
Subject selection and exposure allocation (eg, randomization, stratification, self-selection,
systematic assignment)
Outcome…………assessment
http://www.cochrane.dk/nrsmg/docs/nrsmgsymp4.ppt
Internal and external validity
http://www.asc.upenn.edu/courses/comm522/Review.doc
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~ldeleon/lectr6.html
http://artsweb.uwaterloo.ca/~hdailly3/Lecture4.pdf
10.3. HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE
Confidence intervals (95% CI)
 http://www.esm.ucsb.edu/academics/courses/206/Lectures/Hypothesis%20Testing.ppt
 http://fisher.osu.edu/mhr/faculty/todor/todorppt/Lecture8.ppt
Statistical significance and type I error
http://www.ganesha.org/spc/hyptest.html (simplified)
http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/hypothes.htm
Statistical power and type II error
http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/logic_hypothesis.html (detailed)
http://www.stat.lsa.umich.edu/~akapatou/Stat400/lecture_13-16_w02.ppt (simplified)
Designed,Developed and Curated by Marc Imhotep Cray,M.D.
Please report broken links to
drcray@imhotepvirtualmedsch.com